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Miskovic R, Ljubicic J, Bonaci-Nikolic B, Petkovic A, Markovic V, Rankovic I, Djordjevic J, Stankovic A, Klaassen K, Pavlovic S, Stojanovic M. Case report: Rapidly progressive neurocognitive disorder with a fatal outcome in a patient with PU.1 mutated agammaglobulinemia. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324679. [PMID: 38500873 PMCID: PMC10945545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction PU.1-mutated agammaglobulinemia (PU.MA) represents a recently described autosomal-dominant form of agammaglobulinemia caused by mutation of the SPI1 gene. This gene codes for PU.1 pioneer transcription factor important for the maturation of monocytes, B lymphocytes, and conventional dendritic cells. Only six cases with PU.MA, presenting with chronic sinopulmonary and systemic enteroviral infections, have been previously described. Accumulating literature evidence suggests a possible relationship between SPI1 mutation, microglial phagocytic dysfunction, and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Case description We present a Caucasian female patient born from a non-consanguineous marriage, who was diagnosed with agammaglobulinemia at the age of 15 years when the immunoglobulin replacement therapy was started. During the following seventeen years, she was treated for recurrent respiratory and intestinal infections. At the age of 33 years, the diagnosis of celiac-like disease was established. Five years later progressive cognitive deterioration, unstable gait, speech disturbances, and behavioral changes developed. Comprehensive microbiological investigations were negative, excluding possible infective etiology. Brain MRI, 18FDG-PET-CT, and neuropsychological testing were suggestive for a diagnosis of a frontal variant of AD. Clinical exome sequencing revealed the presence of a novel frameshift heterozygous variant c.441dup in exon 4 of the SPI1 gene. Despite intensive therapy, the patient passed away a few months after the onset of the first neurological symptoms. Conclusion We describe the first case of PU.MA patient presenting with a rapidly progressive neurocognitive deterioration. The possible role of microglial dysfunction in patients with SPI1 mutation could explain their susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases thus highlighting the importance of genetic testing in patients with inborn errors of immunity. Since PU.MA represents a newly described form of agammaglobulinemia, our case expands the spectrum of manifestations associated with SPI1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Miskovic
- Clinic of Allergy and Immunology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ljubicic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Bonaci-Nikolic
- Clinic of Allergy and Immunology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Petkovic
- Diagnostic Department, Center of Sterotaxic Radiosurgery, Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladana Markovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Neurology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Rankovic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Exeter, Truro, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ana Stankovic
- Center for Radiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristel Klaassen
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Stojanovic
- Clinic of Allergy and Immunology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Lo Russo F, Contarino VE, Conte G, Morelli C, Trogu F, Casale S, Sbaraini S, Caschera L, Genovese V, Liu C, Cinnante CM, Silani V, Triulzi FM. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with upper motor neuron predominance: diagnostic accuracy of qualitative and quantitative susceptibility metrics in the precentral gyrus. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:7677-7685. [PMID: 37606662 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims at comparing the diagnostic accuracy of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the susceptibility in the precentral gyrus in detecting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with predominance of upper motor neuron (UMN) impairment. METHODS We retrospectively collected clinical and 3T MRI data of 47 ALS patients, of whom 12 with UMN predominance (UMN-ALS). We further enrolled 23 healthy controls (HC) and 15 ALS Mimics (ALS-Mim). The Motor Cortex Susceptibility (MCS) score was qualitatively assessed on the susceptibility-weighted images (SWI) and automatic metrics were extracted from the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in the precentral gyrus. MCS scores and QSM-based metrics were tested for correlation, and ROC analyses. RESULTS The correlation of MCS score and susceptibility skewness was significant (Rho = 0.55, p < 0.001). The susceptibility SD showed an AUC of 0.809 with a specificity and positive predictive value of 100% in differentiating ALS and ALS Mim versus HC, significantly higher than MCS (Z = -3.384, p-value = 0.00071). The susceptibility skewness value of -0.017 showed specificity of 92.3% and predictive positive value of 91.7% in differentiating UMN-ALS versus ALS mimics, even if the performance was not significantly better than MCS (Z = 0.81, p = 0.21). CONCLUSION The MCS and susceptibility skewness of the precentral gyrus show high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating UMN-ALS from ALS-mimics subjects. The quantitative assessment might be preferred being an automatic measure unbiased by the reader. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The clinical diagnostic evaluation of ALS patients might benefit from the qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of the susceptibility in the precentral gyrus as imaging marker of upper motor neuron predominance. KEY POINTS • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnostic work-up lacks biomarkers able to identify upper motor neuron involvement. • Susceptibility-weighted imaging/quantitative susceptibility mapping-based measures showed good diagnostic accuracy in discriminating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with predominant upper motor neuron impairment from patients with suspected motor neuron disorder. • Susceptibility-weighted imaging/quantitative susceptibility mapping-based assessment of the magnetic susceptibility provides a diagnostic marker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with upper motor neuron predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lo Russo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Elisa Contarino
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conte
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudia Morelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Trogu
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Casale
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sbaraini
- Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Caschera
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Genovese
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Maria Cinnante
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Maria Triulzi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Sfera A, Andronescu L, Britt WG, Himsl K, Klein C, Rahman L, Kozlakidis Z. Receptor-Independent Therapies for Forensic Detainees with Schizophrenia-Dementia Comorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15797. [PMID: 37958780 PMCID: PMC10647468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic institutions throughout the world house patients with severe psychiatric illness and history of criminal violations. Improved medical care, hygiene, psychiatric treatment, and nutrition led to an unmatched longevity in this population, which previously lived, on average, 15 to 20 years shorter than the public at large. On the other hand, longevity has contributed to increased prevalence of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate clinical management, increasing healthcare expenditures. Forensic institutions, originally intended for the treatment of younger individuals, are ill-equipped for the growing number of older offenders. Moreover, as antipsychotic drugs became available in 1950s and 1960s, we are observing the first generation of forensic detainees who have aged on dopamine-blocking agents. Although the consequences of long-term treatment with these agents are unclear, schizophrenia-associated gray matter loss may contribute to the development of early dementia. Taken together, increased lifespan and the subsequent cognitive deficit observed in long-term forensic institutions raise questions and dilemmas unencountered by the previous generations of clinicians. These include: does the presence of neurocognitive dysfunction justify antipsychotic dose reduction or discontinuation despite a lifelong history of schizophrenia and violent behavior? Should neurolipidomic interventions become the standard of care in elderly individuals with lifelong schizophrenia and dementia? Can patients with schizophrenia and dementia meet the Dusky standard to stand trial? Should neurocognitive disorders in the elderly with lifelong schizophrenia be treated differently than age-related neurodegeneration? In this article, we hypothesize that gray matter loss is the core symptom of schizophrenia which leads to dementia. We hypothesize further that strategies to delay or stop gray matter depletion would not only improve the schizophrenia sustained recovery, but also avert the development of major neurocognitive disorders in people living with schizophrenia. Based on this hypothesis, we suggest utilization of both receptor-dependent and independent therapeutics for chronic psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
- School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11139 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Luminita Andronescu
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - William G. Britt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Kiera Himsl
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Carolina Klein
- California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA;
| | - Leah Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69366 Lyon Cedex, France;
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Xu Y, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zhou L, Qiao H, Xu Q, Liu Y. The role of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1655-1661. [PMID: 36385663 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is newly identified as a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death. It is characterized by iron-dependent intracellular accumulation of lipid peroxides which ultimately leads to oxidative stress and cell death. Ferroptosis has been identified in several diseases, such as cancer, renal failure, liver injury, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Besides, it has been reported to be involved in the pathological mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). In addition, interventions targeting ferroptosis can influence the course of NDD, making it a potential therapeutic target for NDD. By summarizing the current research on ferroptosis and its impact on many neurological diseases, we hope to provide valuable strategies for the underlying mechanisms and treatment of these neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Haoduo Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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Ryan SK, Zelic M, Han Y, Teeple E, Chen L, Sadeghi M, Shankara S, Guo L, Li C, Pontarelli F, Jensen EH, Comer AL, Kumar D, Zhang M, Gans J, Zhang B, Proto JD, Saleh J, Dodge JC, Savova V, Rajpal D, Ofengeim D, Hammond TR. Microglia ferroptosis is regulated by SEC24B and contributes to neurodegeneration. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:12-26. [PMID: 36536241 PMCID: PMC9829540 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Iron dysregulation has been implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Iron-loaded microglia are frequently found in affected brain regions, but how iron accumulation influences microglia physiology and contributes to neurodegeneration is poorly understood. Here we show that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia grown in a tri-culture system are highly responsive to iron and susceptible to ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. Furthermore, iron overload causes a marked shift in the microglial transcriptional state that overlaps with a transcriptomic signature found in PD postmortem brain microglia. Our data also show that this microglial response contributes to neurodegeneration, as removal of microglia from the tri-culture system substantially delayed iron-induced neurotoxicity. To elucidate the mechanisms regulating iron response in microglia, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen and identified novel regulators of ferroptosis, including the vesicle trafficking gene SEC24B. These data suggest a critical role for microglia iron overload and ferroptosis in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean K Ryan
- Sanofi, Rare and Neurologic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matija Zelic
- Sanofi, Rare and Neurologic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yingnan Han
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erin Teeple
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luoman Chen
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mahdiar Sadeghi
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Srinivas Shankara
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lilu Guo
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cong Li
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ashley L Comer
- Sanofi, Rare and Neurologic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Gans
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bailin Zhang
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - James C Dodge
- Sanofi, Rare and Neurologic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Virginia Savova
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepak Rajpal
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Li K, Rashid T, Li J, Honnorat N, Nirmala AB, Fadaee E, Wang D, Charisis S, Liu H, Franklin C, Maybrier M, Katragadda H, Abazid L, Ganapathy V, Valaparla VL, Badugu P, Vasquez E, Solano L, Clarke G, Maestre G, Richardson T, Walker J, Fox PT, Bieniek K, Seshadri S, Habes M. Postmortem Brain Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The South Texas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Repository. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1267-1283. [PMID: 37955086 PMCID: PMC10693476 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging bears the promise of providing new biomarkers that could refine the diagnosis of dementia. Still, obtaining the pathology data required to validate the relationship between neuroimaging markers and neurological changes is challenging. Existing data repositories are focused on a single pathology, are too small, or do not precisely match neuroimaging and pathology findings. OBJECTIVE The new data repository introduced in this work, the South Texas Alzheimer's Disease research center repository, was designed to address these limitations. Our repository covers a broad diversity of dementias, spans a wide age range, and was specifically designed to draw exact correspondences between neuroimaging and pathology data. METHODS Using four different MRI sequences, we are reaching a sample size that allows for validating multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers and studying comorbid conditions. Our imaging protocol was designed to capture markers of cerebrovascular disease and related lesions. Quantification of these lesions is currently underway with MRI-guided histopathological examination. RESULTS A total of 139 postmortem brains (70 females) with mean age of 77.9 years were collected, with 71 brains fully analyzed. Of these, only 3% showed evidence of AD-only pathology and 76% had high prevalence of multiple pathologies contributing to clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION This repository has a significant (and increasing) sample size consisting of a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders and employs advanced imaging protocols and MRI-guided histopathological analysis to help disentangle the effects of comorbid disorders to refine diagnosis, prognosis and better understand neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Li
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tanweer Rashid
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jinqi Li
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Honnorat
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anoop Benet Nirmala
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elyas Fadaee
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Di Wang
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sokratis Charisis
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hangfan Liu
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Crystal Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mallory Maybrier
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Haritha Katragadda
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Leen Abazid
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vinutha Ganapathy
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Pradeepthi Badugu
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eliana Vasquez
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Leigh Solano
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Geoffrey Clarke
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gladys Maestre
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Tim Richardson
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Walker
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Bieniek
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mohamad Habes
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Afzal O, Dalhat MH, Altamimi ASA, Rasool R, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Murtaza BN, Iftikhar S, Nadeem S, Nadeem MS, Kazmi I. Green Tea Catechins Attenuate Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cognitive Deficits. Molecules 2022; 27:7604. [PMID: 36364431 PMCID: PMC9655201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases exert an overwhelming socioeconomic burden all around the globe. They are mainly characterized by modified protein accumulation that might trigger various biological responses, including oxidative stress, inflammation, regulation of signaling pathways, and excitotoxicity. These disorders have been widely studied during the last decade in the hopes of developing symptom-oriented therapeutics. However, no definitive cure has yet been discovered. Tea is one of the world's most popular beverages. The same plant, Camellia Sinensis (L.).O. Kuntze, is used to make green, black, and oolong teas. Green tea has been most thoroughly studied because of its anti-cancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The beneficial effect of consumption of tea on neurodegenerative disorders has been reported in several human interventional and observational studies. The polyphenolic compounds found in green tea, known as catechins, have been demonstrated to have many therapeutic effects. They can help in preventing and, somehow, treating neurodegenerative diseases. Catechins show anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant effects via blocking cytokines' excessive production and inflammatory pathways, as well as chelating metal ions and free radical scavenging. They may inhibit tau protein phosphorylation, amyloid beta aggregation, and release of apoptotic proteins. They can also lower alpha-synuclein levels and boost dopamine levels. All these factors have the potential to affect neurodegenerative disorders. This review will examine catechins' neuroprotective effects by highlighting their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant, and metal chelation abilities, with a focus on their ability to activate diverse cellular pathways in the brain. This review also points out the mechanisms of catechins in various neurodegenerative and cognitive diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Hassan Dalhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabia Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan
| | - Saima Iftikhar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Nadeem
- Department of Zoology, Kinnaird College for Women, 93-Jail Road Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Donatelli G, Costagli M, Cecchi P, Migaleddu G, Bianchi F, Frumento P, Siciliano G, Cosottini M. Motor cortical patterns of upper motor neuron pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A 3 T MRI study with iron-sensitive sequences. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 35:103138. [PMID: 36002961 PMCID: PMC9421531 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
M1 regions associated with the body site of onset are frequently affected at MRI. The simultaneous involvement of both homologous M1 regions is frequent. The T2* hypointensity in non-contiguous M1 regions seems rare.
Background Patterns of initiation and propagation of disease in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are still partly unknown. Single or multiple foci of neurodegeneration followed by disease diffusion to contiguous or connected regions have been proposed as mechanisms underlying symptom occurrence. Here, we investigated cortical patterns of upper motor neuron (UMN) pathology in ALS using iron-sensitive MR imaging. Methods Signal intensity and magnetic susceptibility of the primary motor cortex (M1), which are associated with clinical UMN burden and neuroinflammation, were assessed in 78 ALS patients using respectively T2*-weighted images and Quantitative Susceptibility Maps. The signal intensity of the whole M1 and each of its functional regions was rated as normal or reduced, and the magnetic susceptibility of each M1 region was measured. Results The highest frequencies of T2* hypointensity were found in M1 regions associated with the body sites of symptom onset. Homologous M1 regions were both hypointense in 80–93 % of patients with cortical abnormalities, and magnetic susceptibility values measured in homologous M1 regions were strongly correlated with each other (ρ = 0.88; p < 0.0001). In some cases, the T2* hypointensity was detectable in two non-contiguous M1 regions but spared the cortex in between. Conclusions M1 regions associated with the body site of onset are frequently affected at imaging. The simultaneous involvement of both homologous M1 regions is frequent, followed by that of adjacent regions; the affection of non-contiguous regions, instead, seems rare. This type of cortical involvement suggests the interhemispheric connections as one of the preferential paths for the UMN pathology diffusion in ALS.
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Bocchetta M, Malpetti M, Todd EG, Rowe JB, Rohrer JD. Looking beneath the surface: the importance of subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab158. [PMID: 34458729 PMCID: PMC8390477 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst initial anatomical studies of frontotemporal dementia focussed on cortical involvement, the relevance of subcortical structures to the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia has been increasingly recognized over recent years. Key structures affected include the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus within the basal ganglia, the hippocampus and amygdala within the medial temporal lobe, the basal forebrain, and the diencephalon structures of the thalamus, hypothalamus and habenula. At the most posterior aspect of the brain, focal involvement of brainstem and cerebellum has recently also been shown in certain subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Many of the neuroimaging studies on subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia have been performed in clinically defined sporadic cases. However, investigations of genetically- and pathologically-confirmed forms of frontotemporal dementia are increasingly common and provide molecular specificity to the changes observed. Furthermore, detailed analyses of sub-nuclei and subregions within each subcortical structure are being added to the literature, allowing refinement of the patterns of subcortical involvement. This review focuses on the existing literature on structural imaging and neuropathological studies of subcortical anatomy across the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia, along with investigations of brain–behaviour correlates that examine the cognitive sequelae of specific subcortical involvement: it aims to ‘look beneath the surface’ and summarize the patterns of subcortical involvement have been described in frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily G Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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Therapeutic Effects of Catechins in Less Common Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072232. [PMID: 34209677 PMCID: PMC8308206 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders research has focused on altered molecular mechanisms in search of potential pharmacological targets, e.g., imbalances in mechanisms of response to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and neuronal plasticity, which occur in less common neurological and neurodegenerative pathologies (Huntington disease, multiple sclerosis, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and Down syndrome). Here, we assess the effects of different catechins (particularly of epigalocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG) on these disorders, as well as their use in attenuating age-related cognitive decline in healthy individuals. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of EGCG -due to their phenolic hydroxyl groups-, as well as its immunomodulatory, neuritogenic, and autophagic characteristics, makes this catechin a promising tool against neuroinflammation and microglia activation, common in these pathologies. Although EGCG promotes the inhibition of protein aggregation in experimental Huntington disease studies and improves the clinical severity in multiple sclerosis in animal models, its efficacy in humans remains controversial. EGCG may normalize DYRK1A (involved in neural plasticity) overproduction in Down syndrome, improving behavioral and neural phenotypes. In neurological pathologies caused by environmental agents, such as FASD, EGCG enhances antioxidant defense and regulates placental angiogenesis and neurodevelopmental processes. As demonstrated in animal models, catechins attenuate age-related cognitive decline, which results in improvements in long-term outcomes and working memory, reduction of hippocampal neuroinflammation, and enhancement of neuronal plasticity; however, further studies are needed. Catechins are valuable compounds for treating and preventing certain neurodegenerative and neurological diseases of genetic and environmental origin. However, the use of different doses of green tea extracts and EGCG makes it difficult to reach consistent conclusions for different populations.
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11
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Oldan JD, Jewells VL, Pieper B, Wong TZ. Complete Evaluation of Dementia: PET and MRI Correlation and Diagnosis for the Neuroradiologist. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:998-1007. [PMID: 33926896 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article will familiarize neuroradiologists with the pathophysiology, clinical findings, and standard MR imaging and PET imaging features of multiple forms of dementia as well as new emerging techniques. Cases were compiled from multiple institutions with the goal of improved diagnostic accuracy and improved patient care as well as information about biomarkers on the horizon. Dementia topics addressed include the following: Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson disease and Parkinson disease variants, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multisystem atrophy, Huntington disease vascular dementia, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Oldan
- From the Department of Radiology (J.D.O., V.L.J), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - V L Jewells
- From the Department of Radiology (J.D.O., V.L.J), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - B Pieper
- Department of Radiology (B.P.), Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - T Z Wong
- Department of Radiology (T.Z.W.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina
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12
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Hao L, Mi J, Song L, Guo Y, Li Y, Yin Y, Zhang C. SLC40A1 Mediates Ferroptosis and Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes. Neuroscience 2021; 463:216-226. [PMID: 33727075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction often accompanies diabetes. Both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia cause cognitive dysfunctions. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent evidence show that ferroptosis primarily triggers nerve cell death, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to investigate whether ferroptosis is a vital pathogenic pathway in diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction. Type 1 diabetic rat model was created by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Significant cognitive dysfunction was observed in the diabetic rats as evidenced by increase in latency period to find a hidden platform and decreased cumulative time spent in the target quadrant (TQ) in the Morris water maze test. We detected the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent) signal using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Consequently, we found that the ALFF values, as well as the T2 relaxation time of the bilateral hippocampus, were reduced in Type 1 diabetic rats. We detected Fe2+ level and lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)) in the hippocampus. Mitochondria and neuron injury in the STZ-induced diabetic rats were determined using a Transmission Electron Microscope and Nissl body staining. Iron overload and ferroptosis were detected in the hippocampus. Furthermore, mRNA microarray analysis revealed 201 dysregulated mRNAs in STZ-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D). Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that differentially expressed mRNAs associated-coding genes were associated with ferroptosis. Among ferroptosis signaling pathway genes, Slc40a1 gene (ferroportin) was downregulated. We show that ferroptosis is associated with diabetic cognitive dysfunction and Slc40a1 mediates ferroptosis in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Hao
- Department of Pain, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Pain, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Liping Song
- Department of Pain, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yinnan Guo
- Department of Pain, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yiru Yin
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.
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13
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QSM as a new powerful tool for clinical practice in neuroimaging. J Neuroradiol 2021; 48:25-27. [PMID: 33549198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Ayton S, Portbury S, Kalinowski P, Agarwal P, Diouf I, Schneider JA, Morris MC, Bush AI. Regional brain iron associated with deterioration in Alzheimer's disease: A large cohort study and theoretical significance. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1244-1256. [PMID: 33491917 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper is a proposal for an update of the iron hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), based on large-scale emerging evidence. BACKGROUND Iron featured historically early in AD research efforts for its involvement in the amyloid and tau proteinopathies, APP processing, genetics, and one clinical trial, yet iron neurochemistry remains peripheral in mainstream AD research. Much of the effort investigating iron in AD has focused on the potential for iron to provoke the onset of disease, by promoting proteinopathy though increased protein expression, phosphorylation, and aggregation. NEW/UPDATED HYPOTHESIS We provide new evidence from a large post mortem cohort that brain iron levels within the normal range were associated with accelerated ante mortem disease progression in cases with underlying proteinopathic neuropathology. These results corroborate recent findings that argue for an additional downstream role for iron as an effector of neurodegeneration, acting independently of tau or amyloid pathologies. We hypothesize that the level of tissue iron is a trait that dictates the probability of neurodegeneration in AD by ferroptosis, a regulated cell death pathway that is initiated by signals such as glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation. MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR THE HYPOTHESIS While clinical biomarkers of ferroptosis are still in discovery, the demonstration of additional ferroptotic correlates (genetic or biomarker derived) of disease progression is required to test this hypothesis. The genes implicated in familial AD are not known to influence ferroptosis, although recent reports on APP mutations and apolipoprotein E allele (APOE) have shown impact on cellular iron retention. Familial AD mutations will need to be tested for their impact on ferroptotic vulnerability. Ultimately, this hypothesis will be substantiated, or otherwise, by a clinical trial of an anti-ferroptotic/iron compound in AD patients. LINKAGE TO OTHER MAJOR THEORIES Iron has historically been linked to the amyloid and tau proteinopathies of AD. Tau, APP, and apoE have been implicated in physiological iron homeostasis in the brain. Iron is biochemically the origin of most chemical radicals generated in biochemistry and thus closely associated with the oxidative stress theory of AD. Iron accumulation is also a well-established consequence of aging and inflammation, which are major theories of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stuart Portbury
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Pawel Kalinowski
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Puja Agarwal
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ibrahima Diouf
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha Clare Morris
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, and The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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15
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping in β-Amyloid PET-stratified patients with dementia and healthy controls - A hybrid PET/MRI study. Eur J Radiol 2020; 131:109243. [PMID: 32916411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Post-mortem and in-vivo MRI data suggest an accumulation of iron in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The majority of studies in clinically diagnosed AD patients found an increase of iron-sensitive MRI signals in the putamen. As the clinical diagnosis shows only a moderate sensitivity, Aβ-PET was used to further stratify patients with the clinical diagnosis of AD. Aim of this exploratory study was to examine whether Aβ-positive (AD) and Aβ-negative (non-AD) patients differ in their regional magnetic susceptibility compared to healthy controls (HCs) and whether regional susceptibility values correlate with mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores or global Aβ-load. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed [11C]PiB PET/MRI data of 11 HCs, 16 AD and 10 non-AD patients. We used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as iron-sensitive MRI signal measured at the 3 T PET/MR scanner. Global cerebral Aβ-load was determined by composite [11C]PiB SUV ratios. RESULTS Compared to HCs, AD patients showed higher QSM values in putamen (0.049 ± 0.033 vs. 0.002 ± 0.031; p = 0.006), while non-AD patients showed lower QSM values in caudate nucleus (0.003 ± 0.027 vs. 0.051 ± 0.039; p = 0.006). There was a trend towards a significant correlation between putaminal QSM and MMSE values (ρ=-0.340, p = 0.053). In AD patients, global Aβ-load and putaminal QSM values were significantly correlated (ρ=-0.574, p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that AD and non-AD patients may show different cerebral iron pathologies which might be detectable by QSM MRI, and might be linked to neurodegeneration. Overall, the data encourage further investigations in well-defined patient cohorts to clarify the value of QSM/magnetic susceptibility in the course of neurodegenerative diseases and its potential as diagnostic biomarker.
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16
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Vinayagamani S, Sheelakumari R, Sabarish S, Senthilvelan S, Ros R, Thomas B, Kesavadas C. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications in Neuroimaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:23-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - R Sheelakumari
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology Trivandrum India
| | - Sekar Sabarish
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology Trivandrum India
| | | | - Roopa Ros
- Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Trivandrum India
| | - Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology Trivandrum India
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17
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Saleem S, Anwar A. Zebra sign specific to ALS or not. J Neurol Sci 2019; 403:30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Squitti R, Fostinelli S, Siotto M, Ferrari C, Binetti G, Benussi L, Rongioletti M, Ghidoni R. Serum Copper is not Altered in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:1427-1432. [PMID: 29843237 DOI: 10.3233/jad-171074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analyses show copper dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's disease. However, a study evaluating copper changes in other neurodegenerative forms of dementia has not yet been performed. In this study, we assessed copper, ceruloplasmin, copper not bound to ceruloplasmin, and copper to ceruloplasmin ratio in 85 patients affected by frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and 55 healthy controls. Data were analyzed through multivariate ANOVA models taking into account age and sex as covariates and the stratification for FTLD variants, after calculating power analysis to ensure the reliability of the conclusions drawn. The study revealed no difference between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Fostinelli
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Statistics Service, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,MAC Memory Center, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, 'San Giovanni Calibita', Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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19
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SWI processing using a local phase difference modulated venous enhancement filter with noise compensation. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 59:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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20
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Ndayisaba A, Kaindlstorfer C, Wenning GK. Iron in Neurodegeneration - Cause or Consequence? Front Neurosci 2019; 13:180. [PMID: 30881284 PMCID: PMC6405645 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron dyshomeostasis can cause neuronal damage to iron-sensitive brain regions. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation reflects a group of disorders caused by iron overload in the basal ganglia. High iron levels and iron related pathogenic triggers have also been implicated in sporadic neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Iron-induced dyshomeostasis within vulnerable brain regions is still insufficiently understood. Here, we summarize the modes of action by which iron might act as primary or secondary disease trigger in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, available treatment options targeting brain iron dysregulation and the use of iron as biomarker in prodromal stages are critically discussed to address the question of cause or consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Ndayisaba
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Zhang JG, Xing ZY, Zha TT, Tian XJ, Du YN, Chen J, Xing W. Longitudinal assessment of rabbit renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction using two-dimensional susceptibility weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:1572-1577. [PMID: 29236342 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicated that two-dimensional-susceptibility weighted imaging (2D-SWI) could serve as a useful biomarker for differentiating the grade of liver fibrosis. PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of 2D-SWI in the dynamic quantification of renal fibrosis in a rabbit model. STUDY TYPE Longitudinal study. ANIMAL MODEL Twenty-Four New Zealand White Rabbits including control group (n = 4); and renal fibrosis group (n = 20), by means of a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE The 3.0 T SWI using a 2D gradient-echo sequence. ASSESSMENT The relative SWI signal ratio(r) of cortical and medulla (r = SIrenal /SImuscle ) was longitudinally assessed before ligation and on weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 following ligation. Sirius Red staining was used to assess the degree of fibrosis in five high-power fields. STATISTICAL TESTS The repeated measures of analysis of variance and linear regression analysis. RESULTS Both the cortical and medullary r values were significantly higher in the UUO kidneys at week 2 compared with the kidneys before ligation. Over the course of UUO progression, significant changes occurred in the cortical and medullary r values in vivo and fibrosis scores in vitro (all P values < 0.05). The r values gradually decreased, while the fibrosis scores gradually increased over 8 weeks following ligation. The linear regression analysis showed a strong and significant correlation between cortical and medullary r values and the pathologic fibrosis scores (R2 = 0.91, 0.81, respectively). DATA CONCLUSION The SWI sequence could provide a quantitative evaluation of renal fibrosis during UUO progression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1572-1577.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Gang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Xing
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zha
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Tian
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Du
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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