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Nguyen V, Versyp O, Cox C, Fusaroli R. A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of the development of turn taking in adult-child vocal interactions. Child Dev 2022; 93:1181-1200. [PMID: 35305028 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluent conversation requires temporal organization between conversational exchanges. By performing a systematic review and Bayesian multi-level meta-analysis, we map the trajectory of infants' turn-taking abilities over the course of early development (0 to 70 months). We synthesize the evidence from 26 studies (78 estimates from 429 unique infants, of which at least 152 are female) reporting response latencies in infant-adult dyadic interactions. The data were collected between 1975 and 2019, exclusively in North America and Europe. Infants took on average circa 1 s to respond, and the evidence of changes in response over time was inconclusive. Infants' response latencies are related to those of their adult conversational partners: an increase of 1 s in adult response latency (e.g., 400 to 1400 ms) would be related to an increase of over 1 s in infant response latency (from 600 to 1857 ms). These results highlight the dynamic reciprocity involved in the temporal organization of turn-taking. Based on these results, we provide recommendations for future avenues of enquiry: studies should analyze how turn-by-turn exchanges develop on a longitudinal timescale, with rich assessment of infants' linguistic and social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Nguyen
- Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Department of Linguistic, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Otto Versyp
- Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Department of Linguistic, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher Cox
- Department of Linguistic, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Language & Linguistic Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Riccardo Fusaroli
- Department of Linguistic, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wass S, Perapoch Amadó M, Ives J. How the ghost learns to drive the machine? Oscillatory entrainment to our early social or physical environment and the emergence of volitional control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101102. [PMID: 35398645 PMCID: PMC9010552 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An individual’s early interactions with their environment are thought to be largely passive; through the early years, the capacity for volitional control develops. Here, we consider: how is the emergence of volitional control characterised by changes in the entrainment observed between internal activity (behaviour, physiology and brain activity) and the sights and sounds in our everyday environment (physical and social)? We differentiate between contingent responsiveness (entrainment driven by evoked responses to external events) and oscillatory entrainment (driven by internal oscillators becoming temporally aligned with external oscillators). We conclude that ample evidence suggests that children show behavioural, physiological and neural entrainment to their physical and social environment, irrespective of volitional attention control; however, evidence for oscillatory entrainment beyond contingent responsiveness is currently lacking. Evidence for how oscillatory entrainment changes over developmental time is also lacking. Finally, we suggest a mechanism through which periodic environmental rhythms might facilitate both sensory processing and the development of volitional control even in the absence of oscillatory entrainment.
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de Reus K, Soma M, Anichini M, Gamba M, de Heer Kloots M, Lense M, Bruno JH, Trainor L, Ravignani A. Rhythm in dyadic interactions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200337. [PMID: 34420383 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper discusses rhythmic interactions and distinguishes them from non-rhythmic interactions. We report on communicative behaviours in social and sexual contexts, as found in dyads of humans, non-human primates, non-primate mammals, birds, anurans and insects. We discuss observed instances of rhythm in dyadic interactions, identify knowledge gaps and propose suggestions for future research. We find that most studies on rhythmicity in interactive signals mainly focus on one modality (acoustic or visual) and we suggest more work should be performed on multimodal signals. Although the social functions of interactive rhythms have been fairly well described, developmental research on rhythms used to regulate social interactions is still lacking. Future work should also focus on identifying the exact timing mechanisms involved. Rhythmic signalling behaviours are widespread and critical in regulating social interactions across taxa, but many questions remain unexplored. A multidisciplinary, comparative cross-species approach may help provide answers. This article is part of the theme issue 'Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen de Reus
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Artificial Intelligence Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Masayo Soma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marianna Anichini
- Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, 'Brain' Research Area, Delmenhorst, Germany.,Division of Animal Physiology and Behaviour, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Miriam Lense
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Laurel Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Ravignani
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Demartsev V, Strandburg-Peshkin A, Ruffner M, Manser M. Vocal Turn-Taking in Meerkat Group Calling Sessions. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3661-3666.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Buchholtz MB, Spiekermann J, Kächele H. Rhythm and Blues - Amalie's 152nd session: From psychoanalysis to conversation and metaphor analysis - and back again. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 2016; 96:877-910. [PMID: 26173891 DOI: 10.1111/1745-8315.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conversation analysis and psychotherapy process research is an evolving field promising new insights for therapeutic practice. As the specimen case of Amalie, especially her 152nd session, has been investigated using various methods - of which we give a short overview - we offer a new analysis of session 152 based on a new transcription which allows for more detailed listening to the prosodic properties of this analytic dyad. Our findings show a) how analyst and patient co-create their common conversational object called psychoanalysis; b) how a lot of up-to-now not described analytical tools are applied, that can be described as "practices"; c) how a "dance of insight" is enacted by both participants in a common creation making patterns of interaction visible from "both sides"; d) how participants create metaphors as conversational and cognitive tools to reduce the enormous complexity of the analytic exchange and for other purposes; e) that prosodic rhythmicity and other prosodic features are best integrated in a threefold model for analytic conversation consisting of "interaction engine", "talking to" and "talking about" the patient. The study is presented as hypothesis-generating research based on verbal, not statistical data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Spiekermann
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm /FRG
| | - Horst Kächele
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin / FRG.
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Garrod S, Pickering MJ. Dual-stream accounts bridge the gap between monkey audition and human language processing: Comment on "Towards a Computational Comparative Neuroprimatology: Framing the language-ready brain" by Michael Arbib. Phys Life Rev 2016; 16:69-70. [PMID: 26830705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Garrod
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin J Pickering
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Ghazanfar AA, Takahashi DY. The evolution of speech: vision, rhythm, cooperation. Trends Cogn Sci 2014; 18:543-53. [PMID: 25048821 PMCID: PMC4177957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A full account of human speech evolution must consider its multisensory, rhythmic, and cooperative characteristics. Humans, apes, and monkeys recognize the correspondence between vocalizations and their associated facial postures, and gain behavioral benefits from them. Some monkey vocalizations even have a speech-like acoustic rhythmicity but lack the concomitant rhythmic facial motion that speech exhibits. We review data showing that rhythmic facial expressions such as lip-smacking may have been linked to vocal output to produce an ancestral form of rhythmic audiovisual speech. Finally, we argue that human vocal cooperation (turn-taking) may have arisen through a combination of volubility and prosociality, and provide comparative evidence from one species to support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif A Ghazanfar
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Departments of Psychology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Daniel Y Takahashi
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Takahashi DY, Narayanan DZ, Ghazanfar AA. Coupled oscillator dynamics of vocal turn-taking in monkeys. Curr Biol 2013; 23:2162-8. [PMID: 24139740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cooperation is central to human communication. The foundation of cooperative verbal communication is taking turns to speak. Given the universality of turn-taking, it is natural to ask how it evolved. We used marmoset monkeys to explore whether another primate species exhibits cooperative vocal communication by taking turns. Marmosets share with humans a cooperative breeding strategy and volubility. Cooperative care behaviors are thought to scaffold prosocial cognitive processes. Moreover, marmosets and other callitrichid primates are very vocal and readily exchange vocalizations with conspecifics. By measuring the natural statistics of marmoset vocal exchanges, we observed that they take turns in extended sequences and show that this vocal turn-taking has as its foundation dynamics characteristic of coupled oscillators--one that is similar to the dynamics proposed for human conversational turn-taking. As marmoset monkeys are on a different branch of the evolutionary tree that led to humans, our data demonstrate convergent evolution of vocal cooperation. Perhaps more importantly, our data offer a plausible alternative scenario to "gestural origin" hypotheses for how human cooperative vocal communication could have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Takahashi
- Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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