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Cheng W, Ji WS, Li Y, Li X, Chen FZ, Xu JB, Gao F. Brønsted Acid-Mediated Conversion of Naturally Abundant Lathyrane Diterpenes: Are Rare 10,11- seco-Lathyrane Diterpenes Artifacts? JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:113-120. [PMID: 38095929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The question of whether rare 10,11-seco-lathyranes are natural products or artifacts is thoughtfully considered after a Brønsted acid-mediated chemical conversion of naturally abundant 5/11/3 lathyrane type diterpenes into 10,11-seco-lathyranes was developed. Benefiting from this concise route, a series of 10,11-seco-lathyrane products (1-14) were smoothly synthesized. The conversion may involve an acid promoted cyclopropane ring opening accompanied by a double bond shift with final trapping of carbocation. The ease of this chemical conversion under mildly acidic conditions may imply that the 10,11-seco-lathyranes isolated to date are artifacts. This work not only develops a new modular synthetic strategy for efficient constructing rare 10,11-seco-lathyranes, but also provides a promising bioactive diterpene with excellent effect against the NO production on LPS-induced BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Material, Minister of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Sheng Ji
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohuan Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Zheng Chen
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bu Xu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Material, Minister of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Verpoorte R, Kim HK, Choi YH. Trivialities in metabolomics: Artifacts in extraction and analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:972190. [PMID: 36158577 PMCID: PMC9493124 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.972190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to show the risks of artifact formation in metabolomics analyses. Metabolomics has developed in a major tool in system biology approaches to unravel the metabolic networks that are the basis of life. Presently TLC, LC-MS, GC-MS, MS-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance are applied to analyze the metabolome of all kind of biomaterials. These analytical methods require robust preanalytical protocols to extract the small molecules from the biomatrix. The quality of the metabolomics analyses depends on protocols for collecting and processing of the biomaterial, including the methods for drying, grinding and extraction. Also the final preparation of the samples for instrumental analysis is crucial for highly reproducible analyses. The risks of artifact formation in these steps are reviewed from the point of view of the commonly used solvents. Examples of various artifacts formed through chemical reactions between solvents or contaminations with functional groups in the analytes are discussed. These reactions involve, for example, the formation of esters, trans-esterifications, hemiacetal and acetal formation, N-oxidations, and the formation of carbinolamines. It concerns chemical reactions with hydroxyl-, aldehyde-, keto-, carboxyl-, ester-, and amine functional groups. In the analytical steps, artifacts in LC may come from the stationary phase or reactions of the eluent with analytes. Differences between the solvent of the injected sample and the LC-mobile phase may cause distortions of the retention of analytes. In all analytical methods, poorly soluble compounds will be in all samples at saturation level, thus hiding a potential marker function. Finally a full identification of compounds remains a major hurdle in metabolomics, it requires a full set of spectral data, including methods for confirming the absolute stereochemistry. The putative identifications found in supplemental data of many studies, unfortunately, often become “truly” identified compounds in papers citing these results. Proper validation of the protocols for preanalytical and analytical procedures is essential for reproducible analyses in metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. Verpoorte,
| | - H. K. Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Y. H. Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The, Netherlands
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee Univeristy, Seoul, South Korea
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Bestwick JS, Jones DJ, Jones HE, Kalomenopoulos PG, Szabla R, Lawrence AL. Total Synthesis and Prediction of Ulodione Natural Products Guided by DFT Calculations**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207004. [PMID: 35670364 PMCID: PMC9401604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic synthetic strategy has resulted in a two‐step total synthesis of (±)‐ulodione A and the prediction of two potential natural products, (±)‐ulodiones C and D. This work was guided by computational investigations into the selectivity of a proposed biosynthetic Diels–Alder dimerization, which was then utilized in the chemical synthesis. This work highlights how biosynthetic considerations can both guide the design of efficient synthetic strategies and lead to the anticipation of new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Bestwick
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - David J. Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Helen E. Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
- Current address: Oncology R&D AstraZeneca Cambridge CB4 0WG UK
| | - Panagiotis G. Kalomenopoulos
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
- Current address: Process Chemistry Pharmaron Hoddesdon EN11 9FH UK
| | - Rafal Szabla
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wrocław Poland
| | - Andrew L. Lawrence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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Bestwick JS, Jones DJ, Jones HE, Kalomenopoulos PG, Szabla R, Lawrence AL. Total Synthesis and Prediction of Ulodione Natural Products Guided by DFT Calculations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Bestwick
- The University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - David J. Jones
- The University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Helen E. Jones
- The University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Rafal Szabla
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology: Politechnika Wroclawska Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry POLAND
| | - Andrew Leslie Lawrence
- University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
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Galarraga E, Mavares A, Urdaneta N, Rodríguez-Lugo RE, Amaro-Luis JM. Artificial Triterpenoid Fatty Acid Ester Isolated From the Leaves of Phytolacca icosandra L. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:221-225. [PMID: 32504214 PMCID: PMC7367978 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The methanol extract form the leaves of Phytolacca icosandra L., afforded the unprecedented artificial triterpenoid fatty acid ester 1 derived from the new natural triterpenoid phytolaccagenic acid 3-O-myristate (1a), along with the three known triterpenoids serjanic, acinosolic and phytolaccagenic acid (2 - 4). Their structures were stablished by HR-EI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The possible mechanistic formation of 1 is proposed, and the in vitro toxicity of all compounds was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elier Galarraga
- Departamento de Química. Edificio de Química Y Procesos, Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB), Apartado 89000. Caracas-1080A, Venezuela, USA.
| | - Andersson Mavares
- Departamento de Química. Edificio de Química Y Procesos, Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB), Apartado 89000. Caracas-1080A, Venezuela, USA
| | - Neudo Urdaneta
- Departamento de Química. Edificio de Química Y Procesos, Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB), Apartado 89000. Caracas-1080A, Venezuela, USA
| | - Rafael E Rodríguez-Lugo
- Departamento de Química. Edificio de Química Y Procesos, Universidad Simón Bolívar (USB), Apartado 89000. Caracas-1080A, Venezuela, USA
- Laboratorio de Química Bioinorgánica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Venezuela, Caracas, 1020-A, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Amaro-Luis
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes (ULA), Mérida, Venezuela-5101, USA
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Caution: Chemical Instability of Natural Biomolecules During Routine Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143292. [PMID: 32698478 PMCID: PMC7397321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) constitute a significant source of active biomolecules widely used in medicine, pharmacology and cosmetics. However, NPs structural characterization has the drawback of their chemical instability during the extraction steps and their likely transformation during the analytical protocol. In particular, tamariscol and conocephalenol are two compounds largely used in the cosmetic industry for their odorant properties. Thus, in the present study, we focused on the evolution of these two metabolites (extracted from Frullania tamarisci and Conocephalum conicum, respectively), as followed by NMR. Interestingly, we found that, once dissolved in deuterated chloroform, these two tertiary alcohols are both subjected to transformation processes, leading to degradation compounds with altered structures. Accordingly, these detected degradation compounds have been fully characterized by NMR and the experimental findings were supported by computational chemistry data.
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Venditti A. What is and what should never be: artifacts, improbable phytochemicals, contaminants and natural products. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1014-1031. [PMID: 30580596 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1543674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The scope of this review is to sensitize the natural product chemists to the underestimated problem related to artifact, comprising contaminants and improbable natural compounds. This review wants to give an overview about the various facets of this problem and to provide some hints to avoid incurring these situations. It does not pretend to report exhaustively about all the cases available in literature. The issue of artifacts has always existed and is quite impossible to completely eliminate because the results of phytochemical analysis are known only at the end of the work and in many cases there is not the possibility to compare the results. Therefore, it is important to take the necessary precautions during the workout in order to minimize the possibility that an unexpected event may occur. In second instance, anyone involved in these studies should increase the level of self-criticism with respect to the obtained experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venditti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn Str. 11 44227- Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare PhysiologieAbteilung Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn Str. 11 44227- Dortmund Germany
- Technische Universität DortmundFakultät Chemie, Chemische Biologie Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 Dortmund 44221 Germany
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