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Marcet I, Carpintero M, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Antioxidant Activity of Egg Yolk Protein Hydrolysates Obtained by Enzymatic and Sub-Critical Water Hydrolysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7836. [PMID: 38067564 PMCID: PMC10708546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obtaining peptides with antioxidant properties by enzymatic hydrolysis has been widely described; however, the use of non-enzymatic methods to obtain peptides with antioxidant capacities has been poorly investigated. In this study, non-soluble proteins obtained from delipidated egg yolk granules were hydrolyzed with trypsin, and with a non-enzymatic method using sub-critical water hydrolysis under a non-oxidizing (nitrogen) and oxidizing (oxygen) atmosphere. The effect of the sub-critical water hydrolysis on the amino acids' composition of the hydrolysates was assessed. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacities of the hydrolysates were evaluated using the ABTS•+ scavenging assay, the DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, and by measuring the reducing power of the peptides, the peptides' ferrous ion chelating capacities, and the antioxidant effect of the peptides on beef homogenates. The hydrolysate obtained by sub-critical water hydrolysis under a nitrogen stream showed similar or better results in the antioxidant tests than those obtained using trypsin hydrolysis, except in the ferrous chelating capacity, where the trypsin hydrolysate showed the best performance. The oxidizing environment promoted by the oxygen in the other sub-critical water hydrolysis method tested produced the peptides with the lowest antioxidant capacities, due to changes in the primary structure of the peptides. These results suggest that the sub-critical water hydrolysis method under a nitrogen stream, in comparison with the enzymatic hydrolysis, is a reliable method to obtain peptides with good antioxidant capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuel Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/Julian Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (I.M.); (M.C.); (M.D.)
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2
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Kelimu A, Korma SA, Cacciotti I, Xiang H, Cui C. Novel iron-chelating peptide from egg yolk: Preparation, characterization, and iron transportation. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100692. [PMID: 37151212 PMCID: PMC10154770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, an egg yolk protein hydrolysate (EYPH) with a high iron-chelating ability (87.32%) was prepared. The fractionation using 60% (v/v) ethanol concentration (E3 fraction) led to the efficiently accumulating the iron-chelating peptides in EYPH. The characterization results showed that iron mainly chelated with carboxyl, amino and phosphate groups of peptides. From E3 fraction, six iron-chelating peptides with MW ranging from 1372.36 to 2937.04 Da were identified and a hypothesized molecular model of DDSSSpSpSpSpSpSVLSK-Fe was simulated. In vitro stability determination showed that E3-Fe chelate owned a good heat, alkalinity and digestion tolerance, but a relatively bad acid tolerance. Finally, iron transport analysis showed that iron in the E3-Fe would be absorbed in caco-2 cell membrane more effectively than that of iron salts, indicating that it was possible to apply the E3-Fe complex as iron supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, 510640 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, 510640 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Abulimiti Kelimu
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Nongda East Road 311, 830052 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, El-Zeraa Road 114, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome “Niccolò Cusano”, 3 via Don Carlo Gnocchi, 3 00166 Roma, Italy
| | - Huan Xiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, 510640 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, 510640 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author.
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3
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Rios-Morales S, Brito-De La Fuente E, Torrestiana-Sánchez B. Kinetics of Egg-Yolk Protein Hydrolysis and Properties of Hydrolysates. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17758-17767. [PMID: 37251135 PMCID: PMC10210036 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lecithin-free egg yolk (LFEY) is a byproduct of the extraction of egg-yolk phospholipids, which contain approximately 46% egg yolk proteins (EYPs) and 48% lipids. The enzymatic proteolysis is the alternative to increase the commercial value of LFEY. The kinetics of proteolysis in full-fat and defatted LFEY with Alcalase 2.4 L was analyzed in terms of the Weibull and Michaelis-Menten models. A product inhibition effect was also studied in the full-fat and defatted substrate hydrolysis. The molecular weight profile of hydrolysates was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography. Results pointed out that the defatting process did not importantly affect the maximum degree of hydrolysis (DHmax) in the reaction but rather the time at which DHmax is attained. The maximum rate of hydrolysis (Vmax) and the Michaelis-Menten constant KM were higher in the hydrolysis of the defatted LFEY. The defatting process might have induced conformational changes in the EYP molecules, and this affected their interaction with the enzyme. Consequently, the enzymatic reaction mechanism of hydrolysis and the molecular weight profile of peptides were influenced by defatting. A product inhibition effect was observed when adding 1% hydrolysates containing peptides lower than 3 kDa at the beginning of the reaction with both substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia
N. Rios-Morales
- Tecnológico
Nacional de México/IT-Veracruz, Av. M.A. de Quevedo # 2779, 91897 Veracruz, Ver., México
| | - Edmundo Brito-De La Fuente
- I&D
Centers China and Germany, BU PN K&IVF
Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Siemenstraße 27, D-61352 Bad Homburg, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Sciences and Technology (ICAT), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 Mexico
City, Mexico
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4
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Mohan NM, Zorgani A, Earley L, Chauhan S, Trajkovic S, Savage J, Adelfio A, Khaldi N, Martins M. Preservatives from food-For food: Pea protein hydrolysate as a novel bio-preservative against Escherichia coli O157:H7 on a lettuce leaf. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5946-5958. [PMID: 34760228 PMCID: PMC8565202 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are becoming particularly popular as healthy fast-food options; however, they present challenges such as accelerated rates of decay and increased risk for contamination when compared to whole produce. Given that food safety must remain paramount for producers and manufacturers, research into novel, natural food preservation solutions which can help to ensure food safety and protect against spoilage is on the rise. In this work, we investigated the potential of using a novel protein hydrolysate, produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of Pisum sativum (PSH), as a novel bio-preservative and its abilities to reduce populations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 after inoculation on a lettuce leaf. While unhydrolyzed P. sativum proteins show no antimicrobial activity, once digested, and purified, the enzymatically released peptides induced in vitro bactericidal effects on the foodborne pathogen at 8 mg/ml. When applied on an infected lettuce leaf, the PSH significantly reduced the number of bacteria recovered after 2 hr of treatment. PSH may be preferred over other preservation strategies based on its natural, inexpensive, sustainable source, environmentally friendly process, nontoxic nature, good batch to batch consistency, and ability to significantly reduce counts of E. coli both in vitro and in a lettuce leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M. Mohan
- Department of MicrobiologyMoyne Institute of Preventive MedicineSchool of Genetics and MicrobiologyTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
- Nuritas LimitedDublinIreland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Martins
- Department of MicrobiologyMoyne Institute of Preventive MedicineSchool of Genetics and MicrobiologyTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublinIreland
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5
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Xiao N, Huang X, He W, Yao Y, Wu N, Xu M, Du H, Zhao Y, Tu Y. A review on recent advances of egg byproducts: Preparation, functional properties, biological activities and food applications. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110563. [PMID: 34399539 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of egg industries produced vast byproducts that have not been effectively used. In this paper, the comprehensive utilization of egg byproducts was reviewed. Protein extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis were the main used ways for recycle of egg byproducts. The fact that eggshell membrane could accelerate would healing and improve facial skin of healthy people for 12 weeks was found. However, salted egg white had poor functional properties owing to high salt and ultrafiltration was an effective technology to remove 92.93% of salt. Moreover, Defatted yolk protein had the great potential to be used as food additives and functional foods. Other egg byproducts such as egg inhibitor and eggshells also were discussed. The novel applications of egg byproducts in the food field included food additives, feeds, food packaging materials and nutraceuticals based on current knowledge, but the proportion needed to be improved. This paper would provide a new insight for comprehensive utilization of egg byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhai Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xi Huang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wen He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huaying Du
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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6
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Chairuk P, Zaman RU, Naphatthalung J, Jansakul C. Effect of consumption of whole egg and egg fractions on cardiovascular disease factors in adult rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3942-3951. [PMID: 33348458 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While eggs are a low-cost source of protein, rich in macro- and micronutrients, the association of egg intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. This study investigated the effect of egg consumption on CVD parameters. Eggs were boiled, separated into four fractions (whole egg, 50% yolk-reduced whole egg, egg yolk and egg white) and then freeze-dried. The different egg fractions or distilled water (control) were orally gavaged to adult male Wistar rats at 1 g kg-1 rat body weight, each day for 8 weeks, following which basal blood pressure, heart rate, complete blood cell count, blood biochemistry, body fat and liver cell lipid accumulation were determined. The vascular functions of isolated thoracic aorta were studied using classical pharmacological techniques. RESULTS In comparison to the control group, none of the egg fractions affected body weight, food intake, plasma glucose or lipid profile. The yolk group experienced increased plasma alkaline phosphatase and creatinine levels, while egg white caused decreased plasma cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen. Whole egg and egg yolk increased blood pressure and mean hemoglobin concentration and the yolk increased liver lipid accumulation. Egg white decreased the white blood cell count and body fat lipids. No changes were found in basal heart rate or vascular functions in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of whole egg or egg yolk at the dosage given caused hypertension, with impairment of liver and kidney functions following the intake of yolk alone. However, egg white is beneficial for the cardiovascular system as it decreased plasma cholesterol and body fat accumulation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilaipan Chairuk
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Raihan Uz Zaman
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Jomkarn Naphatthalung
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Chaweewan Jansakul
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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7
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Bungthong C, Wrigley C, Sonteera T, Siriamornpun S. Amino Acid Profile and Biological Properties of Silk Cocoon as Affected by Water and Enzyme Extraction. Molecules 2021; 26:3455. [PMID: 34200149 PMCID: PMC8201060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the efficacy for protein extraction of water versus enzymatic extraction. The amino-acid composition, inhibitory activity against enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and anti-glycation activities of silk protein extract (SPE) were determined. We used water extraction (100 °C, six hours) and protease-enzymatic extraction. The microstructure of silk fibers was obviously different after extraction. The results showed that enzymatic extraction gave the greater values of protein content, amino acids, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as all biological activities parameters tested, but it also provided a more bitter taste in the extract-contributing amino acids of 51% (arginine, phenylalanine, histidine, valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, and leucine) and less sweet and umami taste contributing amino acids than did water extraction, which could be more suitable to be used as concentrated nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuleeporn Bungthong
- Research Unit of Process and Product Development of Functional Foods, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand;
| | - Colin Wrigley
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Thanathat Sonteera
- Managing Director, Siam Natural Products Co., Ltd., Sutthisan Winitchai Road, Samsen Nai, Khet Phaya Thai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sirithon Siriamornpun
- Research Unit of Process and Product Development of Functional Foods, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand;
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8
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Peñaranda-López A, Brito-de la Fuente E, Torrestiana-Sánchez B. Fractionation of hydrolysates from concentrated lecithin free egg yolk protein dispersions by ultrafiltration. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Benedé S, Molina E. Chicken Egg Proteins and Derived Peptides with Antioxidant Properties. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060735. [PMID: 32503187 PMCID: PMC7353489 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their high nutritional value, some chicken egg proteins and derivatives such as protein hydrolysates, peptides and amino acids show antioxidant properties which make them prominent candidates for the development of functional foods, drawing attention to both the food and biopharmaceutical industries. This review summarizes current knowledge on antioxidant activity of chicken egg proteins and their derived peptides. Some egg proteins such as ovalbumin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme from egg white or phosvitin from yolk have shown antioxidant properties, although derived peptides have higher bioactive potential. The main process for obtaining egg bioactive peptides is enzymatic hydrolysis of its proteins using enzymes and/or processing technologies such as heating, sonication or high-intensity-pulsed electric field. Different in vitro assays such as determination of reducing power, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activity tests or oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay have been used to evaluate the diverse antioxidant mechanisms of proteins and peptides. Similarly, different cell lines and animal models including zebrafish, mice and rats have also been used. In summary, this review collects all the knowledge described so far regarding egg proteins and derived peptides with antioxidant functions.
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10
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Liu Y, Sheng L, Ma M, Jin Y. Proteome-based identification of chicken egg yolk proteins associated with antioxidant activity on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1093-1103. [PMID: 31743723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a proteome analysis of Tibetan chicken egg yolk as well as the comparison to that of lowland chicken were performed by label-free quantitative proteomics. A total of 135 proteins were identified and abundances of 19 of these proteins were significantly different between these two groups. These differential proteins were mainly associated with oxidative stress, defense, energy metabolism and tissue development through bioinformatics analysis. To further verify the species-specific diversity of the antioxidant capacity, the antioxidative activities of egg yolk proteins were further invested in vitro and in Caco-2 cells. It was observed that both Tibetan and lowland chicken egg yolk proteins showed antioxidant activities, but the former exerted a much stronger effect. PIT54 and glutathione peroxidase 3 were considered to be antioxidant-related candidate proteins. These results provide substantial evidence for the molecular mechanisms of enhancing physical activity levels of egg yolk proteins, especially with regard to the cross-species protective mechanisms against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Liu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Long Sheng
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Meihu Ma
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Yongguo Jin
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
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11
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Characteristics, Functional Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Water-Soluble Proteins Extracted from Grasshoppers, Patanga succincta and Chondracris roseapbrunner. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/6528312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble proteins extracted from two species of grasshoppers, Patanga succincta (WSPP) and Chondracris roseapbrunner (WSPC), were characterized as well as their functional properties and antioxidant activities were investigated. The extraction yield, on a wet weight basis, was 7.35% and 7.46% for WSPP and WSPC, respectively. The most abundant amino acid in both proteins was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic, alanine, and leucine, in that order. The electrophoretic study revealed that proteins with MW of 29, 42, 50, 69, and 146 kDa were the major protein components in WSPP and WSPC. FTIR analysis showed that those proteins remained their structural integrity. The surface hydrophobicity at pH 7 of WSPC was higher than WSPP, but the sulfhydryl group content did not show significant difference between the proteins from two species. Both grasshopper proteins were mostly soluble in strong acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions with a minimum value at pH 4. Those proteins exhibited poor emulsifying properties and foaming capacity, but they had greater foaming stability compared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) (p<0.05). WSPC showed greater DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than did WSPP (p<0.05). Therefore, based on characteristics and functional properties, water-soluble proteins from both edible grasshoppers can be used as an ingredient in food applications.
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12
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Quah Y, Mohd Ismail NI, Ooi JLS, Affendi YA, Abd Manan F, Wong FC, Chai TT. Identification of Novel Cytotoxic Peptide KENPVLSLVNGMF from Marine Sponge Xestospongia testudinaria, with Characterization of Stability in Human Serum. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Thamnarathip P, Jangchud K, Nitisinprasert S, Vardhanabhuti B. Identification of peptide molecular weight from rice bran protein hydrolysate with high antioxidant activity. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Yousr M, Howell N. Antioxidant and ACE Inhibitory Bioactive Peptides Purified from Egg Yolk Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29161-78. [PMID: 26690134 PMCID: PMC4691102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein by-products from the extraction of lecithin from egg yolk can be converted into value-added products, such as bioactive hydrolysates and peptides that have potential health enhancing antioxidant, and antihypertensive properties. In this study, the antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of peptides isolated and purified from egg yolk protein were investigated. Defatted egg yolk was hydrolyzed using pepsin and pancreatin and sequentially fractionated by ultrafiltration, followed by gel filtration to produce egg yolk gel filtration fractions (EYGF). Of these, two fractions, EYGF-23 and EYGF-33, effectively inhibited the peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in an oxidizing linoleic acid model system. The antioxidant mechanism involved superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals scavenging and ferrous chelation. The presence of hydrophobic amino acids such as tyrosine (Y) and tryptophan (W), in sequences identified by LC-MS as WYGPD (EYGF-23) and KLSDW (EYGF-33), contributed to the antioxidant activity and were not significantly different from the synthetic BHA antioxidant. A third fraction (EYGF-56) was also purified from egg yolk protein by gel filtration and exhibited high ACE inhibitory activity (69%) and IC50 value (3.35 mg/mL). The SDNRNQGY peptide (10 mg/mL) had ACE inhibitory activity, which was not significantly different from that of the positive control captopril (0.5 mg/mL). In addition, YPSPV in (EYGF-33) (10 mg/mL) had higher ACE inhibitory activity compared with captopril. These findings indicated a substantial potential for producing valuable peptides with antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity from egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Yousr
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, the University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Nazlin Howell
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, the University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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15
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Thamnarathip P, Jangchud K, Jangchud A, Nitisinprasert S, Tadakittisarn S, Vardhanabhuti B. Extraction and characterisation of Riceberry bran protein hydrolysate using enzymatic hydrolysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parichart Thamnarathip
- Department of Product Development; Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Kamolwan Jangchud
- Department of Product Development; Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Anuvat Jangchud
- Department of Product Development; Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Sunee Nitisinprasert
- Department of Biotechnology; Faculty of Agro-Industry; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Sukuntaros Tadakittisarn
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute; Kasetsart University; 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Bongkosh Vardhanabhuti
- Food Science Program; Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering; University of Missouri; Columbia MO 65211 USA
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16
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Abeyrathne EDNS, Lee HY, Jo C, Suh JW, Ahn DU. Enzymatic hydrolysis of ovomucoid and the functional properties of its hydrolysates. Poult Sci 2015. [PMID: 26195809 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovomucoid is well known as a "trypsin inhibitor" and is considered to be the main food allergen in egg. However, the negative functions of ovomucoid can be eliminated if the protein is cut into small peptides. The objectives of this study were to hydrolyze ovomucoid using various enzyme combinations, and compare the functional properties of the hydrolysates. Purified ovomucoid was dissolved in distilled water (20 mg/mL) and treated with 1% of pepsin, α-chymotrypsin, papain, and alcalase, singly or in combinations. Sodium sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE) results of the hydrolysates indicated that pepsin (OMP), alcalase (OMAl), alcalase+trypsin (OMAlTr), and alcalase+papain (OMAlPa) treatments best hydrolyzed the ovomucoid, and the 4 treatments were selected to determine their functional characteristics. Among the 4 enzyme treatments, hydrolysate from OMAlTr showed the highest iron-chelating and antioxidant activities, while OMP showed higher ACE-inhibitory activity, but lower Fe-chelating activity than the other treatments. However, no difference in the copper-chelating activity among the treatments was found. MS/MS analysis identified numerous peptides from the hydrolysates of OMAlPa and OMAlTr, and majority of the peptides produced were <2 kDa. Pepsin treatment (OMP), however, hydrolyzed ovomucoid almost completely and produced only amino acid monomers, di- and tri-peptides. The ACE-inhibitory, antioxidant and iron-chelating activities of the enzyme hydrolysates were not consistent with the number and size of peptides in the hydrolysates, but we do not have information about the quantity of each peptide present in the hydrolysates at this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D N S Abeyrathne
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanaka 90000
| | - H Y Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - C Jo
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - J W Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 449-728, Korea /kr
| | - D U Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, South Korea /kr
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17
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Jaiswal A, Bajaj R, Mann B, Lata K. Iron (II)-chelating activity of buffalo αS-casein hydrolysed by corolase PP, alcalase and flavourzyme. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:3911-8. [PMID: 26028776 PMCID: PMC4444921 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a vital substance for human health which participates in many biochemical reactions. It also act as initiator for many harmful oxidative process. Buffalo αS-casein enriched fraction (80 %) was hydrolysed independently by corolase PP (H1), alcalase (H2), flavourzyme (H3) and sequentially by alcalase-flavourzyme (H4). After ultrafiltration (10 and 3 kDa) hydrolysates were analysed for their iron chelation activity using ferrozine. For H1 group of hydrolysates highest iron (II)-chelation activity (265.58 μM Fe(2+/)mg protein) was found after 8 h of hydrolysis for H2 (267.56 μM Fe(2+/)mg protein) and H3 group of hydrolysates (380.68 μM Fe(2+/)mg protein) after 6 h of hydrolysis. Sequential hydrolysis was not effective for iron (II)-chelation activity. 3 kDa fractions show higher iron (II)-chelation activity than 10 kDa fraction. Flavourzyme was more effective for generation of iron (II)-chelating peptides from buffalo αS-casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Jaiswal
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Rajesh Bajaj
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Bimlesh Mann
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
| | - Kiran Lata
- Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana India
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18
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Zambrowicz A, Pokora M, Setner B, Dąbrowska A, Szołtysik M, Babij K, Szewczuk Z, Trziszka T, Lubec G, Chrzanowska J. Multifunctional peptides derived from an egg yolk protein hydrolysate: isolation and characterization. Amino Acids 2014; 47:369-80. [PMID: 25408464 PMCID: PMC4302234 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An egg yolk protein by-product following ethanol extraction of phospholipids (YP) was hydrolyzed with pepsin to produce and identify novel peptides that revealed antioxidant, ACE inhibitory and antidiabetic (α-glucosidase and DPP-IV inhibitory) activities. The peptic hydrolysate of YP was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Isolated peptides were identified using mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF) and the Mascot Search Results database. Four peptides of MW ranging from 1,210.62 to 1,677.88 Da corresponded to the fragments of Apolipoprotein B (YINQMPQKSRE; YINQMPQKSREA), Vitellogenin-2 (VTGRFAGHPAAQ) and Apovitellenin-1 (YIEAVNKVSPRAGQF). These peptides were chemically synthesized and showed antioxidant, ACE inhibitory or/and antidiabetic activities. Peptide YIEAVNKVSPRAGQF exerted the strongest ACE inhibitory activity, with IC50 = 9.4 µg/mL. The peptide YINQMPQKSRE showed the strongest DPPH free radical scavenging and DPP-IV inhibitory activities and its ACE inhibitory activity (IC50) reached 10.1 µg/mL. The peptide VTGRFAGHPAAQ revealed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 365.4 µg/mL). A novel nutraceutical effect for peptides from an egg yolk hydrolysate was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zambrowicz
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37/41, 51-630, Wrocław, Poland,
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