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Spruijtenburg B, de Souza Lima BJF, Tosar STG, Borman AM, Andersen CT, Nizamuddin S, Ahmad S, de Almeida Junior JN, Vicente VA, Nosanchuk JD, Buil JB, de Hoog S, Meijer EFJ, Meis JF, de Groot T. The yeast genus Tardiomyces gen. nov. with one new species and two new combinations. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02229-6. [PMID: 38573472 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rare yeasts species are increasingly reported as causative agents of invasive human infection. Proper identification and antifungal therapy are essential to manage these infections. Candida blankii is one of these emerging pathogens and is known for its reduced susceptibility to multiple antifungals. METHODS To obtain more insight into the characteristics of this species, 26 isolates reported as C. blankii were investigated using genetic and phenotypical approaches. RESULTS Among the 26 isolates, seven recovered either from blood, sputum, urine, or the oral cavity, displayed substantial genetic and some phenotypical differences compared to the other isolates, which were confirmed as C. blankii. We consider these seven strains to represent a novel species, Tardiomyces depauwii. Phylogenomics assigned C. blankii, C. digboiensis, and the novel species in a distinct branch within the order Dipodascales, for which the novel genus Tardiomyces is erected. The new combinations Tardiomyces blankii and Tardiomyces digboiensis are introduced. Differences with related, strictly environmental genera Sugiyamaella, Crinitomyces, and Diddensiella are enumerated. All three Tardiomyces species share the rare ability to grow up to 42 °C, display slower growth in nutrient-poor media, and show a reduced susceptibility to azoles and echinocandins. Characteristics of T. depauwii include high MIC values with voriconazole and a unique protein pattern. CONCLUSION We propose the novel yeast species Tardiomyces depauwii and the transfer of C. blankii and C. digboiensis to the novel Tardiomyces genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Spruijtenburg
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bruna Jacomel Favoreto de Souza Lima
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sonia T Granadillo Tosar
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Borman
- UK Health Security Agency National Mycology Reference Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Summiya Nizamuddin
- Section of Microbiology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | | | - Vânia Aparecida Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Microbiological Collections of Paraná Network (CMRP/Taxonline), Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jochem B Buil
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eelco F J Meijer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster On Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Theun de Groot
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise for Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ)/Dicoon, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sharma M, Chakrabarti A. Candidiasis and Other Emerging Yeasts. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2023; 17:15-24. [PMID: 36741271 PMCID: PMC9886541 DOI: 10.1007/s12281-023-00455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The review presents a comprehensive and updated information on the contemporary status of invasive candidiasis (IC), other emerging yeast infections, and the challenges they present in terms of at-risk population, specific virulence attributes, and antifungal susceptibility profile. Recent Findings With the advancement in medical field, there has been parallel expansion of vulnerable populations over the past two decades. This had led to the emergence of a variety of rare yeasts in healthcare settings, both Candida and non-Candida yeast causing sporadic cases and outbreaks. The advancements in diagnostic modalities have enabled accurate identification of rare Candida species and non-Candida yeast (NCY) of clinical importance. Their distribution and susceptibility profile vary across different geographical regions, thus necessitating surveillance of local epidemiology of these infections to improve patient outcomes. Summary The challenges in management of IC have been complicated with emergence of newer species and resistance traits. C. tropicalis has already overtaken C. albicans in many Asian ICUs, while C. auris is rising rapidly worldwide. Recent genomic research has reclassified several yeasts into newer genera, and an updated version of MALDI-TOF MS or ITS sequencing is necessary for accurate identification. Having a knowledge of the differences in predisposing factors, epidemiology and susceptibility profile of already established pathogenic yeasts, as well as new emerging yeasts, are imperative for better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
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Umamaheshwari S, Neelambike SM, Shankarnarayan SA, Kumarswamy KS, Gopal S, Prakash H, Rudramurthy SM. Clinical profile, antifungal susceptibility, and molecular characterization of Candida auris isolated from patients in a South Indian surgical ICU. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101176. [PMID: 34340186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida auris is an emerging multidrug resistant yeast which causes blood stream infection especially among critically ill patients. This yeast can also colonize patients and are isolated from hospital environment causing outbreaks in hospital settings. OBJECTIVE To describe possible outbreak of C. auris infection in surgical ICU and characterize the isolates by molecular typing and azole resistance mechanism. METHODS After isolation of Candida auris from cluster of patients from surgical ICU, environment survey was done to identify the source in the hospital. The identity of the isolates was confirmed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight mass spectroscopy and sequencing 26S and ITS region of rDNA. Molecular typing was done by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism technique. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by CLSI broth dilution technique. ERG11 gene was sequenced to screen for mutations responsible for azole resistance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A total of eight C. auris was isolated during the four months (December 2018-March 2019) suggesting possible of outbreak in surgical ICU of tertiary care center in South India. C. auris (n = 8) was isolated from urine (n = 4), blood (n = 3) and ear discharge (n = 1) samples. Based on 26S sequence analysis all our isolates belonged to South Asian clade. All the isolates had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥16 µg/ml to fluconazole. ERG11 sequence exhibited amino acid substitution Y132F in all the isolates. The two environmental isolates clustered closely with an isolate from urine sample. Adherence to strict infection control practices prevented further spread of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaswamy Umamaheshwari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sumana Mahadevaiah Neelambike
- Department of Microbiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Keerthi Sravanur Kumarswamy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shubha Gopal
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hariprasath Prakash
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 1600012
| | - Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 1600012.
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Prolonged Outbreak of Candida krusei Candidemia in Paediatric Ward of Tertiary Care Hospital. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:257-268. [PMID: 31983047 PMCID: PMC7222167 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background A sudden rise of Candida krusei candidemia cases was noticed in our hospital within 1 year with maximum cases from paediatric unit. The present study reports the results of epidemiological investigation of possible outbreak of candidemia by C. krusei in paediatric unit at our tertiary care centre. Methods Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with C. krusei candidemia were evaluated. Yeast identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to standard protocol. To find the potential source of C. krusei in hospital environment and hand colonization, swabs were collected from different fomites (n = 40) and hand washings from 24 health care workers (HCW), respectively. Infection control and prevention practices were intensified following the recognition of outbreak. Genetic typing was done by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) technique. Case–control comparison was performed with C. tropicalis and C. pelliculosa cases. Results Candida krusei fungaemia significantly affected paediatric group (82/186, 44%) as compared to adults (14/130, 10.8%; p < 0.001). Among paediatric group, maximum isolation was reported from neonatal unit of paediatric emergency (NUPE). C. krusei was isolated from hands of one HCW and washbasin in NUPE. FAFLP revealed clonality between blood and environmental isolates indicating cross-transmission of C. krusei. Gastrointestinal disease (p = 0.018), previous antibiotics (p = 0.021) especially to carbapenems (p = 0.039), was significant among C. krusei candidemia cases compared to C. pelliculosa cases. Conclusion We report the largest outbreak of C. krusei candidemia in paediatric unit within 1 year with isolation of related strains from environment and hands of HCW. Routine screening of hand hygiene practices revealed non-compliance to standard practices leading to the increase in C. krusei candidemia cases.
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Kaur H, Singh S, Rudramurthy SM, Ghosh AK, Jayashree M, Narayana Y, Ray P, Chakrabarti A. Candidaemia in a tertiary care centre of developing country: Monitoring possible change in spectrum of agents and antifungal susceptibility. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:110-116. [PMID: 32719217 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Candidaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of hospitalised patients, especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to monitor any change in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species causing candidaemia over the last 20 years. Materials and Methods The candidaemia cases reported during January 1999 and December 2018 at our centre were reviewed. The yeasts were identified by phenotypic characters (during 1999-2014) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (during 2014-2018). Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was performed in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results A total of 602,963 blood samples from patients with suspected sepsis were processed. Candidaemia was diagnosed in 7927 (1.31%) cases. The frequency of cases rose significantly (P = 0.000) in the last quarter of the study. Candida tropicalis (40.1%) was the most common species, followed by Candida albicans (15.2%), Wickerhamomyces anomalus (13.1%), Candida krusei (6.6%), Candida parapsilosis (4.7%) and others. Rare species such as Candida auris, Candida lambica, Candida orthopsilosis, Candida vishwanathii were identified after the introduction of MALDI-TOF. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of amphotericin B rose significantly from the first to last quarter (0.5%-4.9%). Fluconazole resistance was fairly constant at 7.4%-8.8%. Conclusion Local epidemiology of candidaemia at our centre was distinct regarding prevalence and change of spectrum of species. The identification of rare species was possible after the introduction of MALDI-TOF. With the emergence of multidrug-resistant C. auris and resistance in other species, routine AFST has become imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shreya Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anup Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Muralidharan Jayashree
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yaddanapudi Narayana
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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