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Li X, Xie L, Huang H, Li Z, Li G, Liu P, Xiao D, Zhang X, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Prevalence of Livestock-Associated MRSA ST398 in a Swine Slaughterhouse in Guangzhou, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:914764. [PMID: 35814703 PMCID: PMC9260045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.914764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an important zoonotic microorganism that is increasingly causing public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the transmission and occurrence of MRSA in a slaughterhouse environment and evaluate its antimicrobial resistance and genetic characterization. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiological survey of S. aureus by spa typing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of samples obtained from the pork production chain, the environment, and community residents. To clarify the evolutionary relationships of MRSA sequence type (ST) 398 in this study and global isolates, 197 published whole-genome sequences data of MRSA ST398 strains were downloaded from the GenBank database and included in the phylogenetic analysis. A total of 585 porcine samples (snout and carcass swabs), 78 human nasal samples, and 136 environmental samples were collected. The MRSA isolates were detected at higher frequencies in samples from swine (15.0%) than carcasses (10.0%), slaughterhouse workers (8.0%), community residents (0%), and environment samples (5.9%). The spa typing results showed that t571 accounted for a higher proportion than other spa types. Closely related isolates from the samples of swine, slaughterhouse workers, carcasses, carrier vehicle, and surrounding fishpond water indicate that MRSA ST398 strains may spread among swine, humans, and the environment. MRSA ST398-t571 isolates were genetically different from global strains, except for two Korean isolates, which showed genetic closeness with it. In addition, a MRSA ST398 isolate recovered from an infected patient in Europe differed by only 31 SNPs from the airborne dust-associated strain isolated in this study, thereby suggesting potential transmission among different countries. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results demonstrated that 99.0% (96/97) of MRSA and 95.1% (231/243) of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) showed multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. According to WGS analysis, the poxtA-carrying segment (IS431mec-optrA-IS1216-fexB-IS431mec) was reported in MRSA ST398 isolates for the first time. The coexistence of cfr and optrA in a plasmid was first detected in MRSA ST398. The potential transmission of MRSA among humans, animals, and the environment is a cause for concern. The emergence and transmission of LA-MRSA ST398 with high levels of resistance profiles highlight the urgent need for LA-MRSA surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Danyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xucai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenguang Xiong,
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhenling Zeng,
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Livestock-Associated Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus—Current Situation and Impact From a One Health Perspective. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the occurrence and characteristics of livestock-associated (LA-) meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We further question the role of LA-MRSA as a potential foodborne pathogen. We investigate recent findings and developments from a One Health perspective also highlighting current strategies and initiatives aiming to improve reporting, control, and prevention of LA-MRSA.
Recent Findings
While the overall number of invasive MRSA infections in humans is decreasing (in most European countries and the USA) or steadily increasing (in the Asia-Pacific region), the role of LA-MRSA as causative agent of invasive disease and as potential foodborne pathogen is still poorly understood. LA-MRSA prevalence in livestock remains high in many geographical regions and the acquisition of new virulence and resistance determinants constitutes a growing threat for human health.
Summary
The true incidence of LA-MRSA infections due to occupational exposure is unknown. Improved MRSA monitoring and tracking procedures are urgently needed. Strain typing is crucial to enable improved understanding of the impact of LA-MRSA on human and animal health.
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