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Quaglio G, Pizzol D, Isaakidis P, Bortolani A, Tognon F, Marotta C, Di Gennaro F, Putoto G, Olliaro PL. Breast Tuberculosis in Women: A Systematic Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:12-21. [PMID: 31115305 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rarely reported and poorly described. This review aims to update the existing literature on risk factors, clinical presentations, constitutional symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical and surgical treatments for breast TB. In all, 1,478 cases of breast TB were collected. Previous history of TB was reported in 19% of cases. The most common clinical appearance of the lesion was breast lump (75%). The most common associated finding was axillary lymphadenitis (33%) followed by sinus or fistula (24%). The most common symptoms were pain and fever, reported in 42% and 28% of cases, respectively. The most used diagnostic method was fine-needle aspiration cytology (32%), followed by biopsy (27%), acid-fast bacteria Ziehl-Neelsen stain (26%), culture (13%), and polymerase chain reaction (2%). These tested positive in 64%, 93%, 27%, 26%, and 58% of cases, respectively. The majority (69%) of patients received a 6-month anti-TB treatment (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol). Surgery consisted of excision in 39% of cases, drainage in 23%, and mastectomy in 5%. The great majority of patients had a positive outcome. It often mimics breast cancer, which makes it difficult to diagnose. Most patients, when diagnosed in time, respond to antitubercular therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Quaglio
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy.,European Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arianna Bortolani
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Tognon
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Marotta
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Putoto
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Piero L Olliaro
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO/TDR), Geneva, Switzerland
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Perrone C, Altieri AM, D'Antonio S, Leonetti C, Alma MG. Breast Tuberculosis after Chest Trauma - a Case Report and Review of the Literature. Breast Care (Basel) 2016; 11:200-3. [PMID: 27493621 DOI: 10.1159/000446977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast involvement of tuberculosis (TB) is well known but uncommon. It can resemble other diseases, including breast cancer, and diagnosis is quite difficult. So, when facing a breast lesion, a possible tubercular etiology should always be born in mind, relying on qualified laboratories to confirm the diagnosis. CASE REPORT We describe a 42-year-old woman with a mammary fistula complicating a post-traumatic lump. A critical analysis of the diagnostic process was performed together with a review of the literature, also considering the potential role of trauma in inducing such a rare complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Perrone
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso M Altieri
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Antonio
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Leonetti
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario G Alma
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
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Laas E, Touboul C, Kerdraon O, Catteau-Jonard S. Mastites inflammatoires et infectieuses du sein en dehors de la grossesse et de la période d’allaitement : recommandations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:996-1016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Robbins HL, Hetzel M, Mungall S, Cawthorn SJ. Interferon gamma release assay in the diagnosis of tuberculous mastitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2015; 97:e1-2. [PMID: 25519253 DOI: 10.1308/003588414x14055925059516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous mastitis is rare, especially in Western countries. We describe a case where the interferon gamma release assay blood test led to diagnosis and successful treatment of the disease.
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