Mondor's disease of the breast. A retrospective review

Breast Pain Differential: Mondor's Disease of the Breast

Breast pain is a common concern among women in primary care clinics. A rare cause of breast pain is Mondor's disease (MD), which can present as an acute, painful, erythematous, cord-like induration on the breast or anterior chest wall. The disorder is caused by sclerosing superficial thrombophlebitis of the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall veins. There does not appear to be a racial or ethnic propensity for this condition; however, it is important to understand that it may be more difficult to see in darker skin types (Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI) and requires close attention on physical exam. The cause of MD is poorly understood but may be related to direct trauma, strenuous exercise, or hormone changes. We review a case of a 54-year-old woman who presented with an anterior chest wall palpable cord, better visualized with adequate lighting and skin traction, ultimately diagnosed as MD based on clinical findings and imaging studies. Mondor's disease often resolves spontaneously with supportive care, as in this patient's case; however, clinicians should be aware of this rare cause of breast pain and its association with hypercoagulable state, vasculitis, and breast cancer.

Penile Mondor's Disease Resulting From Forceful Condom Removal During Sexual Intercourse: A Case Report and Literature Review

Penile Mondor's disease, or dorsal vein thrombophlebitis, is vital for urologists to recognize. It causes pain and hardening in the penis due to triggers like trauma or neoplasms. Distinguishing it from similar conditions such as sclerosing lymphangitis and Peyronie's disease is crucial. Penile Doppler ultrasound is the preferred diagnostic method. Providing reassurance can ease patient anxiety. This case report highlights a unique occurrence following forceful condom removal during sex, detailing symptoms, diagnosis, and successful treatment.

Effect of manual lymphatic drainage combined with vacuum sealing drainage on axillary web syndrome caused by breast cancer surgery

The aim of the study was to explore the application value of manual lymphatic drainage combined with vacuum sealing drainage in axillary web syndrome (AWS) after breast cancer surgery. From 1 April 2020 to 1 June 2020, a total of 102 patients with AWS after axillary lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection in our hospital were included in this prospective study. According to the random number table method, all patients were divided into the study group (n = 51) and the control group (n = 51). The study group received the treatment of manual lymphatic drainage combined with vacuum sealing drainage, and the control group received health education and the treatment of functional training. The efficacy observation indicators included duration time to the disappearance of relevant clinical symptoms, degree of pain, angle of abduction of the affected limb, degree of upper limb disability function and quality of life. The duration time to the disappearance of cord-like nodules and tightness in the study group was both significantly shorter than that in the control group (both P < .05). In the time point of 1 and 3 months after the intervention, compared with that in the control group, the study group had a significantly lighter degree of pain, a better degree of upper limb disability function and higher quality of life (all P < .05). Manual lymphatic drainage combined with vacuum sealing drainage can shorten the disappearance time of relevant clinical symptoms, relieve the degree of pain, improve the upper limb disability function and improve the quality of life in patients with AWS.

Mondor's Disease of the Arm Following Breast Cancer Treatment

Mondor's disease is a rare, peculiar form of superficial thrombophlebitis which mainly affects the subcutaneous veins of the breast, anterior chest wall, neck, axilla, upper limbs and penis.

In most cases, it presents with rapid development of a painful subcutaneous cord-like structure that later becomes less painful, but a fibrous band persists. Unfortunately, aetiology and management are not very clear, but it is a self-limiting condition in most cases.

We are presenting a rare case of a patient who developed Mondor's disease in the antecubital fossa of the right arm following chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Association of Mondor's disease with oral contraceptive pills

Mondor's disease (MD) is a rare disease characterised by thrombophlebitis of superficial veins in the body. We describe a case of a 28-year-old woman with a painful cord-like lesion of the right breast (3 cm) overlying the right upper quadrant. The patient was recently prescribed metformin and oral contraceptive pills for symptomatic polycystic ovarian syndrome. Right breast ultrasound showed a tubular anechoic structure with several areas of narrowing, resembling a beaded appearance. The patient was diagnosed with MD associated with use of oral contraceptive pills. We recommended the patient to discontinue oral contraceptive because discontinuation of the causative drug is important. The patient was started on topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a therapeutic dose of enoxaparin. The patient showed significant clinical improvement after 5 days. At 6-week outpatient follow-up, complete resolution of the disease was noted.

Mondor's Disease: A Review of the Literature

Mondor's disease (MD) is a rare disease that manifests with a palpable cord-like induration on the body surface. In general, MD is a self-limited, benign thrombophlebitis that resolves in four to eight weeks without any specific treatment. Cases of MD can be roughly categorized into three different groups based on the site of the lesion as follows: original MD of the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall, penile MD with dorsum and dorsolateral aspects of the penis, and axillary web syndrome with mid-upper arm after axillary surgery. The diagnosis of MD is rather straightforward and based on a physical examinations. However, some case occur "secondary" with another underlying disease, including malignancy, a hypercoagulative state, and vasculitis. Therefore, it is critical to identify MD precisely, evaluate any possible underlying disease, and avoid any unnecessary invasive tests or treatment. In this paper, we comprehensively review the clinical characteristics of MD.

Mondor's Disease after Aesthetic Breast Surgery: A Case Series and Literature Review

Background:

Mondor’s disease of the subcutaneous veins of the breast is an uncommon disorder. The etiology of Mondor’s disease remains unclear. Usually, it is a self-limited disease. This condition has been associated with trauma, surgical biopsies, breast surgery (including silicone breast implant), physical activity, and a manifestation of breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective analysis of 652 female patients who underwent aesthetic breast surgery in the last 10 years.

Results:

We found three cases of Mondor’s disease after plastic surgery of the breast (0.46%) and performed an analysis of the clinical aspects and therapeutic measures. The disease onset was a couple of weeks to 2 years after surgery, never within the first 2 weeks after surgery. We did not observe ulceration or breast cancer. Treatment was unnecessary in two patients, whereas hot compresses and nonsteroidal medical drugs were prescribed in one patient. All lesions healed within 2–3 weeks.

Conclusion:

Mondor’s disease is a possible complication after aesthetic breast surgery but often runs a self-limiting course with spontaneous remission. It is important to exclude breast cancer. The patient should be informed that the disease runs a benign and self-limiting course.

The Effectiveness of Diclofenac Sodium in the Treatment of Mondor's Disease of the Breast: The Topical Patch Compared to the Oral Capsules

Mondor's disease of the breast is a rare, benign sclerosing superficial thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the anterior or lateral chest wall, which is treated conservatively. We aim in this study to evaluate the outcome and effectiveness of our treatment protocol using oral diclofenac sodium and topical diclofenac sodium patch in 172 patients. A retrospective database analysis of 172 female patients between January 2001 and December 2010 was done. The treatment protocol consisted of group 1: treatment by oral diclofenac sodium 100 mg once daily for 3 weeks. Group 2: treatment by diclofenac sodium patches for 8 hours twice daily (morning and evening) for 1 week. The patients were instructed to document the time as soon as pain relief is achieved following the patch application and the intake of the oral dose. The incidence rate was 2.49%. Diclofenac sodium patch was statistically found to be significantly better in subsiding the inflammatory process of the veins, relieving the pain, and enhancing faster healing rate. We conclude that diclofenac sodium patch showed a promising role in the treatment of Mondor's disease of the breast by significantly decreasing the inflammatory process due to its transdermal migration action within a short period and the ability to reach a high local concentration. It achieved the best results for rapid relief of pain and disease regression compared to the oral capsules. Therefore, our protocol was changed to implement diclofenac sodium patch as the first choice in treating Mondor's disease of the breast.

Breast Mondor's disease: Diagnosis and management of six new cases of this underestimated pathology

Mondor's disease is an unusual and little-known pathology of the breast, characterized by superficial thrombophlebitis. The causes are still unresolved. Most of the patients do not fall under case studies of the scientific literature, given the reported incidence rate between 0.5% and 0.8%. The Mondor's disease patients are not always properly identified, and they are frequently treated as outpatients, even considering the benign course of the disease which often spontaneously resolves without any medical therapy. We report here six new cases of Mondor's disease, two of them were likely due to a trauma and were easily resolved with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; the third one was apparently due to the stretching of the mammary veins in a patient with gigantomastia; the fourth one was subsequent to hormonal stimulation for in vivo fertilization and following gestation; and the last two cases (one was a man) were diagnosed after undergoing surgery for breast carcinoma.

Tight Bra in a 34-Year-Old Woman: An Unusual Cause of Mondor's Disease

Mondor's disease is characterized by thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast and the chest wall. The list of causes is long. Various types of clothing, mainly tight bras and girdles, have been postulated as causes. We report a case of a 34-year-old woman who referred typical symptoms and signs of Mondor's disease, without other possible risk factors, and showed the cutaneous findings of the tight bra. Therefore, after distinguishing benign causes of Mondor's disease from hidden malignant causes, the clinicians should consider this clinical entity.

Tight Bra in a 34-Year-Old Woman: An Unusual Cause of Mondor's Disease

Mondor's disease is characterized by thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast and the chest wall. The list of causes is long. Various types of clothing, mainly tight bras and girdles, have been postulated as causes. We report a case of a 34-year-old woman who referred typical symptoms and signs of Mondor's disease, without other possible risk factors, and showed the cutaneous findings of the tight bra. Therefore, after distinguishing benign causes of Mondor's disease from hidden malignant causes, the clinicians should consider this clinical entity.

An unusual case caused by a common reason: Mondor's disease by oral contraceptives

INTRODUCTION

Mondor's disease (MD) of the breast is a rare condition at breast clinics. We do not have enough data to establish its real prevalence. As a known data, most of the patients that were admitted to breast clinics are not breast cancer. Also MD is a rare entity and diagnosing this entity and informing the patient about it is very important. We present here this case to remind breast clinic practitioners that MD can be seen without trauma (neither surgical nor physical). Also clinical and radiological findings and the treatmentof the MD were discussed.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 35 year old woman was admitted our clinic with cutaneous breast retraction. She had no risk for thrombosis else using oral contraceptives. Mondor's Disease was diagnosed and supported by radiological findings. Rheumatologic and hematologic causes were also explored. Patient healed in four weeks only with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

DISCUSSION

Mondor's Disease is rarely related with breast cancer. This rare entity can be diagnosed with doubt and patient should be informed about it. Anti-coagulant treatment does not required if disease is idiopathic.

CONCLUSION

Mondor's Disease should be reminded at a patient with retracted breast skin.

Benign breast disease

This article presents an overview of the benign conditions that affect the breast for the practicing surgeon. The authors discuss the diagnosis and management of a variety of breast pathologic conditions, including those associated with infection and inflammation as well as proliferative and nonproliferative disorders. The authors also offer their experience with the integration of nurse practitioners in the care of patients with benign breast disease.

High rate of smoking in female patients with Mondor's disease in an outpatient clinic in Japan

Purpose:

Little is known about the epidemiology of Mondor’s disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features of Mondor’s disease in an outpatient clinic where primary care physicians are working in Japan, to better understand the epidemiological characteristics of the disease.

Patients and methods:

The data for consecutive outpatients who were new visitors to the Department of General Medicine in the teaching hospital (Asahikawa Medical University Hospital) at Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan, between April 2004 and March 2012 were analyzed. Parameters such as age, sex, diagnosis, and clinical presentation were investigated.

Results:

During the 8-year period covered in this study, six (0.07%) out of 8767 patients were diagnosed as having Mondor’s disease. All of these patients with Mondor’s disease were female, and the mean age was 41 plus or minus 12 years; the overall rate of Mondor’s disease in all female patients involved in this study was 0.12%. The patients complained of pain and a cord-like structure in the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall. The painful mass had persisted for 1–4 weeks before presenting at the Department of General Medicine and it disappeared within a couple of weeks. Current smoking was significantly higher in the patients with Mondor’s disease than in the age-matched female patients without Mondor’s disease who were also evaluated in this study.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that a high rate of smoking in middle-aged females may be a characteristic feature of Mondor’s disease. These epidemiological data may be useful in detection of the disease in the primary care setting in Japan.