Educational status and knowledge level of pre- and postmenopausal women about osteoporosis and risk factors: a cross-sectional study in a group of Turkish female subjects

Evaluation of Osteoporosis Perception Among Saudi Arabian Premenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study Using the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT)

INTRODUCTION

Osteoporosis is a major clinical problem that affects the whole population, especially women. It is a condition that is becoming more prevalent with aging. The increase in bone fragility associated with the disease can lead to fractures, even from minor trauma. Our goal is to evaluate the extent of knowledge about osteoporosis and perceptions of it among premenopausal women in Saudi Arabia.

METHOD

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among premenopausal women during the months of June and July 2021. We distributed an online questionnaire on social networking sites and applications that Saudi women use on a daily basis. We used the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) to evaluate the responses.

RESULT

A total of 661 women took part in our study; 159 of them were excluded because they had either reached the menopausal period or had already been diagnosed with the disease. The overall perception of osteoporosis is noticeably poor, as only 55% of respondents had an acceptable level of knowledge. In addition, we found a statistically significant association between education level and knowledge level (p-value = 0.044).

CONCLUSION

The findings revealed that more than half the participants scored "acceptable" in terms of their understanding of the disease, which indicates a serious awareness gap. This outcome demonstrates the necessity of increasing community awareness about osteoporosis to reduce potential harm and the financial burden of healthcare.

The Application of PRECEDE Model on Preventing Osteoporosis in Women

The aim of this study is investigating the efficiency of educational intervention based on PRECEDE model on promotion of osteoporosis prevention behaviors in women. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 200 women registered in two health centers of Fasa city, Fars province, Iran in 2017 to 2018. A questionnaire including items evaluating demographic information and PRECEDE model constructs was used for measuring nutrition and walking performance of studied women in osteoporosis prevention before and 12 months after intervention. Bone mineral density (BMD) was recorded at the lumbar spine and femur before and 12 months after intervention. One year after intervention, the intervention group showed a significant increase in knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, reinforcing factors, enabling factors, nutrition, and walking performance compared to the control group. Also, the value of lumbar spine and hip BMD T-Score of the intervention group was increased, while this value was reduced in the control group. Our findings showed that educational interventions based on PRECEDE model can positively affect prevention behaviors from osteoporosis by improving subjects' knowledge, attitude, enabling factors (resources such as health care access and services that can provide motivation for prevention behaviors from osteoporosis in women), self-efficacy, and reinforcing factors.

Inter - Relationship of Awareness, Knowledge, Attitude, Some Socio-Economic Variables and Osteoporosis in Sample of Egyptian Women

BACKGROUND

Osteoporosis is a global health problem, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide.

AIM

The aim was to assess the awareness concerning some nutritional and socio-economic variables causes the disease in a sample of Egyptian women.

METHODS

This study was done among 116 female volunteers. They were divided into two groups, pre and post-menopausal, with a mean age of 42.05 ± 8.25 & 51.13 ± 5.82 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.83 ± 8.18 & 34.24 ± 8.80 kg/m². A standardised questionnaire, socioeconomic and food frequency chart were used to assess osteoporosis and food intake awareness. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Statistical analyses were done using simple percentage and Chi-square test.

RESULTS

Data revealed that a low percentage of pre and post-menopausal women were aware of osteoporosis and fracture (16.67% & 12.96% and 30.65% & 19.35%). They had incomplete knowledge about the sources and the beneficial effects of consumption of calcium and vitamin D rich diet. Non-osteoporotic women showed more awareness. Odds ratio predict occupations and educations levels as risk factors for osteoporosis.

CONCLUSION

Awareness about osteoporosis and consumption healthy diet were low among Egyptian women, so it is important to implement special osteoporosis prevention program.

Economic inequalities amongst women with osteoporosis-related fractures: an application of concentration index decomposition

Background: Considering the renewed emphasis on women’s health, attention to the new aspects of their health, such as equity, among different groups is warranted. The aim of this study was to investigate the economic inequalities among women with osteoporosis-related bone fractures (ORBFs) in Sanandaj, Iran.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, convenient sampling was employed to recruit 220 women with osteoporosis referring to the only rheumatology clinic in Sanandaj (the center of Kurdistan province in Iran) from January to April 2013. Main outcome was the history of fractures due to osteoporosis. Concentration index decomposition (CID) and logistic regression were used for data analysis.

Results: In multivariate logistic analysis, the fourth and fifth quintiles of family economic status were found to be significantly associated with ORBFs. Risk difference and confidence interval (CI) for the relation between the history of bone fracture and family economic status was -0.115 (95% CI: -0.209, -0.021; P = 0.016), which reflected the higher prevalence of bone fractures among women with the lower economic levels. About 25% out of all ORBFs were happened among 20% of the women with low economic status.

Conclusion: It was concluded that economic status plays an important role in happening ORBFs among underprivileged women. A reorientation on women’s health care services in Iran with a focus on underprivileged postmenopausal women seems to be necessary. There is a need for inter-sectoral coalition between the policymakers of the health system and those of other organizations to reduce the economic inequalities among osteoporotic women.

A cross-sectional study for estimation of associations between education level and osteoporosis in a Chinese men sample

BACKGROUND

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between education level and osteoporosis (OP) in general Chinese Men.

METHODS

We conducted a large-scale, community-based, cross-sectional study to investigate the association by using self-report questionnaire to assess education levels. The data of 1092 men were available for analysis in this study. Multiple regression models controlling for confounding factors to include education level were performed to explore the relationship between education level and OP.

RESULTS

Positive correlations between education level and T-score of quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS-T score) were reported (β = 0.108, P value < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the education level was independently and significantly associated with OP (P < 0.1 for all models). The men with lower education level had a higher prevalence of OP.

CONCLUSION

The education level was independently and significantly associated with OP. The prevalence of OP was more frequent in Chinese men with lower education level.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02451397 ; date of registration: 05/28/2015).

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of osteoporosis among Saudis: a community-based study

BACKGROUND

Osteoporosis is a global public health problem currently affecting millions of people worldwide, and Saudi Arabia is not an exception. Awareness and perceptions of susceptibility and belief in the seriousness of a disease can help in its prevention and control. We aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices for osteoporosis among Saudi general population and to identify its determining factors.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey of people aged 18 years or older representing every region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was carried out. A total of 2174 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to identify the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice.

RESULTS

Responses were obtained from 1830 individuals (42% female and 58% male). The majority of the study sample had heard about osteoporosis (78%). There were significant associations between the level of awareness and the following sociodemographics of the participants: age, sex, education, occupation, income, and residence (P<0.01). Regular practice of the main preventive behaviors was correlated with an increase in the level of awareness.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The majority of the study cohort had heard about osteoporosis. Female respondents were more knowledgeable. Age was negatively correlated with the level of awareness. Awareness levels and the main sociodemographic determinants were significantly associated. The study recommended that health authorities and physicians should have better involvement in patient education efforts to improve and maintain the information provided on osteoporosis.