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Luo YH, Liang KH, Huang HC, Shen CI, Chiang CL, Wang ML, Chiou SH, Chen YM. State-of-the-Art Molecular Oncology of Lung Cancer in Taiwan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137037. [PMID: 35806042 PMCID: PMC9266727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are life-threatening malignancies that cause great healthcare burdens in Taiwan and worldwide. The 5-year survival rate for Taiwanese patients with lung cancer is approximately 29%, an unsatisfactorily low number that remains to be improved. We first reviewed the molecular epidemiology derived from a deep proteogenomic resource in Taiwan. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)antioxidant mechanism was discovered to mediate the oncogenesis and tumor progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, DNA replication, glycolysis and stress response are positively associated with tumor stages, while cell-to-cell communication, signaling, integrin, G protein coupled receptors, ion channels and adaptive immunity are negatively associated with tumor stages. Three patient subgroups were discovered based on the clustering analysis of protein abundance in tumors. The first subgroup is associated with more advanced cancer stages and visceral pleural invasion, as well as higher mutation burdens. The second subgroup is associated with EGFR L858R mutations. The third subgroup is associated with PI3K/AKT pathways and cell cycles. Both EGFR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways have been shown to induce NRF2 activation and tumor cell proliferation. We also reviewed the clinical evidence of patient outcomes in Taiwan given various approved targeted therapies, such as EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)inhibitors, in accordance with the patients’ characteristics. Somatic mutations occurred in EGFR, KRAS, HER2 and BRAF genes, and these mutations have been detected in 55.7%, 5.2%, 2.0% and 0.7% patients, respectively. The EGFR mutation is the most prevalent targetable mutation in Taiwan. EML4-ALK translocations have been found in 9.8% of patients with wild-type EGFR. The molecular profiling of advanced NSCLC is critical to optimal therapeutic decision-making. The patient characteristics, such as mutation profiles, protein expression profiles, drug-resistance profiles, molecular oncogenic mechanisms and patient subgroup systems together offer new strategies for personalized treatments and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hung Luo
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Ching Huang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-I Shen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Lu Chiang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-H.C.); (Y.-M.C.); Tel.: +886-2-28757865 (Y.-M.C.)
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-I.S.); (C.-L.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-H.C.); (Y.-M.C.); Tel.: +886-2-28757865 (Y.-M.C.)
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Luo YH, Yang YP, Chien CS, Yarmishyn AA, Ishola AA, Chien Y, Chen YM, Huang TW, Lee KY, Huang WC, Tsai PH, Lin TW, Chiou SH, Liu CY, Chang CC, Chen MT, Wang ML. Plasma Level of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000190 Correlates with Tumor Progression and Poor Treatment Response in Advanced Lung Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071740. [PMID: 32629833 PMCID: PMC7408140 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) causes the majority of cancer-related deaths. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were reported to play roles in cancers by targeting pro- and anti-oncogenic miRNAs. However, the mechanisms of circRNAs in LC progression and their prognostic value of treatment response remain unclear. By using next generation sequencing (NGS) of LC cell lines’ transcriptomes, we identified highly overexpressed hsa_circ_0000190 and hsa_circ_000164 as potential biomarkers. By using the highly sensitive RT-ddPCR method, these circRNAs were shown to be secreted by cell lines and were detected in human blood. Clinical validation by RT-ddPCR was carried out on 272 (231 LC patients and 41 controls) blood samples. Higher hsa_circ_0000190 levels were associated with larger tumor size (p < 0.0001), worse histological type of adenocarcinoma (p = 0.0028), later stage (p < 0.0001), more distant metastatic organs (p = 0.0039), extrathoracic metastasis (p = 0.0004), and poor survival (p = 0.047) and prognosis. Using liquid biopsy-based RT-ddPCR, we discovered the correlation between increased hsa_circ_0000190 plasma level (p < 0.0001) and higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) level in tumor (p = 0.0283). Notably, long-term follow-up of the immunotherapy treated cases showed that upregulated plasma hsa_circ_0000190 level correlated with poor response to systemic therapy and immunotherapy (p = 0.0002, 0.0058, respectively). Secretory circRNAs are detectable in blood by LB-based RT-ddPCR and may serve as blood-based biomarkers to monitor disease progression and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hung Luo
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.-T.C.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.-T.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Aliaksandr A. Yarmishyn
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Afeez Adekunle Ishola
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.-T.C.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wang Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Tzu-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.-T.C.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Teh Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.-T.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-P.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (M.-T.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (Y.C.); (P.-H.T.); (T.-W.L.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-5568-1156; Fax: +886-2-2875-7345
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Yeager R, Riggs DW, DeJarnett N, Tollerud DJ, Wilson J, Conklin DJ, O'Toole TE, McCracken J, Lorkiewicz P, Xie Z, Zafar N, Krishnasamy SS, Srivastava S, Finch J, Keith RJ, DeFilippis A, Rai SN, Liu G, Bhatnagar A. Association Between Residential Greenness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009117. [PMID: 30561265 PMCID: PMC6405613 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to green vegetation has been linked to positive health, but the pathophysiological processes affected by exposure to vegetation remain unclear. To study the relationship between greenness and cardiovascular disease, we examined the association between residential greenness and biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and disease risk in susceptible individuals. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional study of 408 individuals recruited from a preventive cardiology clinic, we measured biomarkers of cardiovascular injury and risk in participant blood and urine. We estimated greenness from satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI ) in zones with radii of 250 m and 1 km surrounding the participants' residences. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between greenness and cardiovascular disease biomarkers. We adjusted for residential clustering, demographic, clinical, and environmental variables. In fully adjusted models, contemporaneous NDVI within 250 m of participant residence was inversely associated with urinary levels of epinephrine (-6.9%; 95% confidence interval, -11.5, -2.0/0.1 NDVI ) and F2-isoprostane (-9.0%; 95% confidence interval, -15.1, -2.5/0.1 NDVI ). We found stronger associations between NDVI and urinary epinephrine in women, those not on β-blockers, and those who had not previously experienced a myocardial infarction. Of the 15 subtypes of circulating angiogenic cells examined, 11 were inversely associated (8.0-15.6% decrease/0.1 NDVI ), whereas 2 were positively associated (37.6-45.8% increase/0.1 NDVI ) with contemporaneous NDVI . Conclusions Independent of age, sex, race, smoking status, neighborhood deprivation, statin use, and roadway exposure, residential greenness is associated with lower levels of sympathetic activation, reduced oxidative stress, and higher angiogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Yeager
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Daniel W. Riggs
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Department of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Natasha DeJarnett
- Center for Public Health PolicyAmerican Public Health AssociationWashington D.C.
| | - David J. Tollerud
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Jeffrey Wilson
- Department of GeographyIndiana University ‐ Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Timothy E. O'Toole
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | | | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Nagma Zafar
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Sathya S. Krishnasamy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & DiabetesUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Jordan Finch
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Andrew DeFilippis
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Shesh N. Rai
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiostatisticsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared FacilityJames Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Gilbert Liu
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY,Superfund Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
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Cui S, Jiang L. Factors associated with efficacy of first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705340. [PMID: 28468578 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which reflects a classical process of translational research, is a critical milestone for non-small-cell lung cancer treatment. Currently, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are recommended as first-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor-sensitive mutations. The status of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation is widely acknowledged as superior to other clinical factors, such as smoking, gender, and histological types for predicting the response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, recent studies have shown that the efficacy might differ in patients with the same epidermal growth factor receptor-sensitive mutations, highlighting the need to investigate the putative factors related to the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This article reviews the factors associated with clinical efficacy of first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib and erlotinib, and analyzes their potential implications with respect to clinical application. In addition, new findings related to clinical practice with respect to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors efficacy were summarized in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Cui
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Lou W, Chen Y, Zhu KY, Deng H, Wu T, Wang J. Polyphyllin I Overcomes EMT-Associated Resistance to Erlotinib in Lung Cancer Cells via IL-6/STAT3 Pathway Inhibition. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1306-1313. [PMID: 28515374 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is the most important limiting factor for treatment efficiency in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Much work has linked the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to the emergence of drug resistance, consequently, ongoing research has been focused on exploring the therapeutic options to reverse EMT for delaying or preventing drug resistance. Polyphyllin I (PPI) is a natural compound isolated from Paris polyphylla rhizomes and displayed anti-cancer properties. In the current work, we aimed to testify whether PPI could reverse EMT and overcome acquired EGFR-TKI resistance. We exposed HCC827 lung adenocarcinoma cells to erlotinib which resulted in acquired resistance with strong features of EMT. PPI effectively restored drug sensitivity of cells that obtained acquired resistance. PPI reversed EMT and decreased interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling pathway activation in erlotinib-resistant cells. Moreover, addition of IL-6 partially abolished the sensitization response of PPI. Furthermore, co-treatment of erlotinib and PPI completed abrogation of tumor growth in xenografts, which was associated with EMT reversal. In conclusion, PPI serves as a novel solution to conquer the EGFR-TKI resistance of NSCLC via reversing EMT by modulating IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Combined PPI and erlotinib treatment provides a promising future for lung cancer patients to strengthen drug response and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, The Academy of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University
| | - Ke-Ying Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, The Academy of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University
| | - Huizi Deng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, The Academy of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University
| | - Tianhao Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, The Academy of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, The Academy of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University
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Hamilton G, Rath B, Holzer S, Hochmair M. Second-line therapy for small cell lung cancer: exploring the potential role of circulating tumor cells. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 5:71-7. [PMID: 26958494 PMCID: PMC4758977 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2015.12.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive and invasive variant of lung tumors. SCLC, especially in advanced stages, is distinguished by extremely high numbers of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in comparison to other malignancies. CTCs are operative in tumor spread and are currently enumerated to assess prognosis and response to cytotoxic therapy. Chemosensitivity of SCLC CTCs compared to primary tumors and metastases is not known. METHODS Establishment of two SCLC CTC cell lines, namely BHGc7 and BHGc10, allowed the in vitro characterization of their chemosensitivity to the second-line chemotherapeutics topotecan and epirubicin in comparison to a range of SCLC cell lines. RESULTS The SCLC CTC cell lines exhibited an approximately 7- and 12-fold increased chemosensitivity to epirubicin compared to topotecan, respectively, in in vitro cytotoxicity assays. In comparison to a panel of six SCLC cell lines, the two CTC lines showed a significantly higher chemosensitivity to epirubicin (range, 3- to 16-fold) and topotecan (range, 2.2- to 14.4-fold), respectively. CONCLUSIONS CTC cell lines derived from SCLC patients with recurrent disease exhibit high chemosensitivity to epirubicin vs. topotecan and show considerable more cytotoxicity in response to both compounds in comparison to a panel of SCLC cell lines. Thus, a decrease in the number of CTCs in response to second-line chemotherapy in SCLC patients may overestimate the effect on resident SCLC lesions and metastases.
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