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Hijazi S, Smit AB, van Kesteren RE. Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons in brain physiology and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4954-4967. [PMID: 37419975 PMCID: PMC11041664 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are inhibitory interneurons with unique morphological and functional properties that allow them to precisely control local circuitry, brain networks and memory processing. Since the discovery in 1987 that PV is expressed in a subset of fast-spiking GABAergic inhibitory neurons, our knowledge of the complex molecular and physiological properties of these cells has been expanding. In this review, we highlight the specific properties of PV neurons that allow them to fire at high frequency and with high reliability, enabling them to control network oscillations and shape the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of memories. We next discuss multiple studies reporting PV neuron impairment as a critical step in neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Finally, we propose potential mechanisms underlying PV neuron dysfunction in AD and we argue that early changes in PV neuron activity could be a causal step in AD-associated network and memory impairment and a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hijazi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tang H, Sun Y, Fachim HA, Cheung TKD, Reynolds GP, Harte MK. Elevated Expression of Two Pore Potassium Channel THIK-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: An Inflammatory Mechanism. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1757-1769. [PMID: 37718820 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tandem pore domain halothane-inhibited K+ channel 1 (THIK-1, coded by KCNK13) provides an upstream regulation of the activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which has been suggested as one of the key mechanisms of the pathological process in neurodegeneration mainly from in vitro and in vivo model systems studies. However, unequivocal evidence from neurodegenerative disorders has been lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of the THIK-1/NLRP3 pathway in the pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS This study investigated gene expression of markers in the THIK-1/NLRP3 pathway in an animal model representing AD as well as in human postmortem brains of AD and PD by quantitative real-time PCR. THIK-1 protein expression was determined using automated capillary electrophoresis immunoblotting. Furthermore, DNA methylation of KCNK13 was analysed in AD cohort by pyrosequencing. RESULTS A substantial upregulation of KCNK13, glial activation markers, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and IL1B was observed in the animal study. Increased expression of KCNK13 support an inflammatory glial cell activation in both advanced AD and PD. The increase in KCNK13 expression was also supported by downregulation in DNA methylation of KCNK13 in AD. CONCLUSIONS The association between THIK-1 K+ channels expression and pathology changes indicates a THIK-1-induced activation of this glial subtype in AD and PD. Therefore, specific blocks of the microglial THIK-1 K+ channels at the early stage of AD and PD may be beneficial for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helene A Fachim
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | | | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael K Harte
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Yun H, Dumbell R, Hanna K, Bowen J, McLean SL, Kantamneni S, Pors K, Wu QF, Helfer G. The Chemerin-CMKLR1 Axis is Functionally important for Central Regulation of Energy Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:897105. [PMID: 35711300 PMCID: PMC9196942 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.897105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is an adipokine involved in inflammation, adipogenesis, angiogenesis and energy metabolism, and has been hypothesized as a link between obesity and type II diabetes. In humans affected by obesity, chemerin gene expression in peripheral tissues and circulating levels are elevated. In mice, plasma levels of chemerin are upregulated by high-fat feeding and gain and loss of function studies show an association of chemerin with body weight, food intake and glucose homeostasis. Therefore, chemerin is an important blood-borne mediator that, amongst its other functions, controls appetite and body weight. Almost all studies of chemerin to date have focused on its release from adipose tissue and its effects on peripheral tissues with the central effects largely overlooked. To demonstrate a central role of chemerin, we manipulated chemerin signaling in the hypothalamus, a brain region associated with appetite regulation, using pharmacological and genetic manipulation approaches. Firstly, the selective chemerin receptor CMKLR1 antagonist α-NETA was administered i.c.v. to rats to test for an acute physiological effect. Secondly, we designed a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) lentivirus construct targeting expression of CMKLR1. This shRNA construct, or a control construct was injected bilaterally into the arcuate nucleus of male Sprague Dawley rats on high-fat diet (45%). After surgery, rats were maintained on high-fat diet for 2 weeks and then switched to chow diet for a further 2 weeks. We found a significant weight loss acutely and inhibition of weight gain chronically. This difference became apparent after diet switch in arcuate nucleus-CMKLR1 knockdown rats. This was not accompanied by a difference in blood glucose levels. Interestingly, appetite-regulating neuropeptides remained unaltered, however, we found a significant reduction of the inflammatory marker TNF-α suggesting reduced expression of CMKLR1 protects from high-fat diet induced neuroinflammation. In white and brown adipose tissue, mRNA expression of chemerin, its receptors and markers of adipogenesis, lipogenesis and brown adipocyte activation remained unchanged confirming that the effects are driven by the brain. Our behavioral analyses suggest that knockdown of CMKLR1 had an impact on object recognition. Our data demonstrate that CMKLR1 is functionally important for the central effects of chemerin on body weight regulation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haesung Yun
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Dumbell
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Hanna
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Junior Bowen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha L McLean
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.,Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Sriharsha Kantamneni
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Pors
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gisela Helfer
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
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Burstein ES. Relevance of 5-HT 2A Receptor Modulation of Pyramidal Cell Excitability for Dementia-Related Psychosis: Implications for Pharmacotherapy. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:727-741. [PMID: 34224112 PMCID: PMC8310514 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-021-00836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Psychosis occurs across a wide variety of dementias with differing etiologies, including Alzheimer's dementia, Parkinson's dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and vascular dementia. Pimavanserin, a selective serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) inverse agonist, has shown promising results in clinical trials by reducing the frequency and/or severity of hallucinations and delusions and the risk of relapse of these symptoms in patients with dementia-related psychosis. A literature review was conducted to identify mechanisms that explain the role of 5-HT2ARs in both the etiology and treatment of dementia-related psychosis. This review revealed that most pathological changes commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases cause one or more of the following events to occur: reduced synaptic contact of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons with glutamatergic pyramidal cells, reduced cortical innervation from subcortical structures, and altered 5-HT2AR expression levels. Each of these events promotes increased pyramidal cell hyperexcitability and disruption of excitatory/inhibitory balance, facilitating emergence of psychotic behaviors. The brain regions affected by these pathological changes largely coincide with areas expressing high levels of 5-HT2ARs. At the cellular level, 5-HT2ARs are most highly expressed on cortical glutamatergic pyramidal cells, where they regulate pyramidal cell excitability. The common effects of different neurodegenerative diseases on pyramidal cell excitability together with the close anatomical and functional connection of 5-HT2ARs to pyramidal cell excitability may explain why suppressing 5-HT2AR activity could be an effective strategy to treat dementia-related psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan S. Burstein
- Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc, 12830 El Camino Real, Suite 400, San Diego, CA 92130 USA
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Ji MH, Lei L, Gao DP, Tong JH, Wang Y, Yang JJ. Neural network disturbance in the medial prefrontal cortex might contribute to cognitive impairments induced by neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:133-144. [PMID: 32505714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases, yet the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored. Using an animal model of neuroinflammation induced by repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections, we found selectively reduced expression of parvalbumin (PV) but not somatostatin (SST) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The reduced PV expression resulted in decreased intensities of vesicular GABA transporter and PV buttons, suggesting disinhibition in the mPFC. These further induced abnormal mPFC neural activities and consequently contributed to cognitive impairments. In addition, gamma oscillations supported by PV interneuron function were positively associated with time spent with the novel object in the novel object recognition test. Notably, down-regulation of neuroinflammation by microglia inhibitor minocycline or boosting gamma oscillations by dopamine 4 receptor agonist RO-10-5824 improved cognitive performance. In conclusion, our study proposes neural network disturbance as a likely mechanistic linker between neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments in neurodegeneration and possibly other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Da-Peng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Gibbs E, Silverman JM, Zhao B, Peng X, Wang J, Wellington CL, Mackenzie IR, Plotkin SS, Kaplan JM, Cashman NR. A Rationally Designed Humanized Antibody Selective for Amyloid Beta Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9870. [PMID: 31285517 PMCID: PMC6614461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggest that pathogenesis is not directly related to plaque burden, but rather to soluble toxic amyloid-beta oligomers (AßO). Therapeutic antibodies targeting Aß monomers and/or plaque have shown limited efficacy and dose-limiting adverse events in clinical trials. These findings suggest that antibodies capable of selectively neutralizing toxic AßO may achieve improved efficacy and safety. To this end, we generated monoclonal antibodies against a conformational Aß epitope predicted by computational modeling to be presented on toxic AßO but not monomers or fibrils. The resulting lead antibody, PMN310, showed the desired AßO-selective binding profile. In vitro, PMN310 inhibited AßO propagation and toxicity. In vivo, PMN310 prevented AßO-induced loss of memory formation and reduced synaptic loss and inflammation. A humanized version (huPMN310) compared favorably to other Aß-directed antibodies showing a lack of adverse event-associated binding to Aß deposits in AD brains, and greater selective binding to AßO-enriched AD brain fractions that contain synaptotoxic Aß species. Systemic administration of huPMN310 in mice resulted in brain exposure and kinetics comparable to those of other therapeutic human monoclonal antibodies. Greater selectivity for AßO and the potential to safely administer high doses of huPMN310 are expected to result in enhanced safety and therapeutic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrima Gibbs
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Judith M Silverman
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Beibei Zhao
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Xubiao Peng
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Ian R Mackenzie
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Steven S Plotkin
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Genome Sciences and Technology Program, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.,ProMIS Neurosciences, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Neil R Cashman
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada. .,ProMIS Neurosciences, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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