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Ren Z, Nie L, Du Y, Liu J. Intertwined depressive and cognitive trajectories and the risk of dementia and death in older adults: a competing risk analysis. Gen Psychiatr 2024; 37:e101156. [PMID: 38616970 PMCID: PMC11015173 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment often interact, rendering their associations controversial. To date, their joint trajectories and associations with dementia and death remain underexplored. Aims To explore the interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function, their developmental trajectories and the associations with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and all-cause death in older adults. Methods Data were from the Health and Retirement Study. Depressive symptoms and cognitive function were measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status, respectively. All-cause dementia and AD were defined by self-reported or proxy-reported physician diagnoses. All-cause death was determined by interviews. The restricted cubic spline, group-based trajectory modelling and subdistribution hazard regression were used. Results Significant interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in 2010 in their association with new-onset all-cause dementia and AD from 2010 to 2020 were found, especially in women (p for interaction <0.05). Independent trajectory analysis showed that emerging or high (vs no) depressive trajectories and poor or rapidly decreased cognitive trajectories (vs very good) from 1996 to 2010 were at significantly higher risk of subsequent all-cause dementia, AD and all-cause death. 15 joint trajectories of depressive symptoms and cognitive function from 1996 to 2010 were determined, where rapidly decreased cognitive function was more common in those with no depressive symptoms. Compared with older adults with the trajectory of no depressive symptoms and very good cognitive function, those with the trajectory of no depressive symptoms but rapidly decreased cognitive function were much more likely to develop new-onset all-cause dementia and death, with subdistribution hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 4.47 (2.99 to 6.67) and 1.84 (1.43 to 2.36), especially in women. Conclusions To effectively mitigate the risk of dementia and death, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of preventing cognitive decline in older adults without depressive symptoms, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Nie
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Du
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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2
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Kamath V, Jiang K, Manning KJ, Mackin RS, Walker KA, Powell D, Lin FR, Chen H, Brenowitz WD, Yaffe K, Simonsick EM, Deal JA. Olfactory Dysfunction and Depression Trajectories in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad139. [PMID: 37357824 PMCID: PMC10733184 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the relationship between baseline olfactory performance and incident significant depressive symptoms and longitudinal depression trajectories in well-functioning older adults. Inflammation and cognitive status were examined as potential mediators. METHODS Older adults (n = 2 125, 71-82 years, 51% female, 37% Black) completed an odor identification task at Year 3 (our study baseline) of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Cognitive assessments, depressive symptoms, and inflammatory markers were ascertained across multiple visits over 8 years. Discrete-time complementary log-log models, group-based trajectory models, and multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression were employed to assess the relationship between baseline olfaction and incident depression and longitudinal depression trajectories. Mediation analysis assessed the influence of cognitive status on these relationships. RESULTS Individuals with lower olfaction had an increased risk of developing significant depressive symptoms at follow-up (hazard ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.08). Of the 3 patterns of longitudinal depression scores identified (stable low, stable moderate, and stable high), poorer olfaction was associated with a 6% higher risk of membership in the stable moderate (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.10)/stable high (RRR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.12) groups, compared to the stable low group. Poor cognitive status, but not inflammation, partially mediated the relationship between olfactory performance and incident depression symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal olfaction could serve as a prognostic indicator of vulnerability for the development of late-life depression. These findings underscore the need for a greater understanding of olfaction in late-life depression and the demographic, cognitive, and biological factors that influence these relationships over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kening Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin J Manning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - R Scott Mackin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Keenan A Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Powell
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank R Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Willa D Brenowitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Deal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Jobin B, Boller B, Frasnelli J. Smaller grey matter volume in the central olfactory system in mild cognitive impairment. Exp Gerontol 2023; 183:112325. [PMID: 37952649 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to increase the specificity of the early diagnosis. While episodic memory impairment is a sensitive AD marker, other measures are needed to improve diagnostic specificity. A promising biomarker might be a cerebral atrophy of the central olfactory processing areas in the early stages of the disease since an impairment of olfactory identification is present at the clinical stage of AD. Our goal was therefore, (1) to evaluate the grey matter volume (GMV) of central olfactory processing regions in prodromal AD and (2) to assess its association with episodic memory. We included 34 cognitively normal healthy controls (HC), 92 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 40 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We performed regions of interest analysis (ROI) using two different approaches, allowing to extract GMV from (1) atlas-based anatomical ROIs and from (2) functional and non-functional subregions of these ROIs (olfactory ROIs and non-olfactory ROIs). Participants with MCI exhibited smaller olfactory ROIs GMV, including significant reductions in the piriform cortex, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and left hippocampus compared to other groups (p ≤ 0.05, corrected). No significant effect was found regarding anatomical or non-olfactory ROIs GMV. The left hippocampus olfactory ROI GMV was correlated with episodic memory performance (p < 0.05 corrected). Limbic/medial-temporal olfactory processing areas are specifically atrophied at the MCI stage, and the degree of atrophy might predict cognitive decline in AD early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Jobin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Qc, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Qc, Canada; Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Qc, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Qc, Canada; Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Qc, Canada; Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Qc, Canada
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4
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Jobin B, Roy-Côté F, Frasnelli J, Boller B. Olfaction and declarative memory in aging: a meta-analysis. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad045. [PMID: 37878784 PMCID: PMC10629936 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory and declarative memory performances are associated, as both functions are processed by overlapping medial-temporal and prefrontal structures and decline in older adults. While a decline in olfactory identification may be related to a decline in declarative memory, the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we assessed (i) the relationship between olfactory identification/detection threshold and verbal declarative memory in cognitively normal older adults, and (ii) the effect of age on these relationships. We included articles from PsychNet, PubMed, and Academic Search Complete according to the following criteria: (i) inclusion of cognitively normal older adults; (ii) assessment of episodic or semantic memory; and (iii) assessment of olfactory identification or detection threshold. Seventeen studies and 22 effect sizes were eligible and included in this meta-analysis. Olfactory identification was associated with episodic (small effect size: r = 0.19; k = 22) and semantic memory (small effect size: r = 0.16; k = 23). Similarly, the olfactory detection threshold was associated with both episodic (small to medium effect size: r = 0.25; k = 5) and semantic memory (small effect size: r = 0.17; k = 7). Age was found to moderate the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and memory performance. Both olfactory identification and detection threshold performances are associated with declarative memory in older adults, and age only moderates the relationship between olfactory detection threshold and declarative memory performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Jobin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédérique Roy-Côté
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Research Centre of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wang P, Gao P, Yu Z. The role of social exclusion in the formation of suicidal ideation among the elderly in rural pension institutions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1019898. [PMID: 36570993 PMCID: PMC9780458 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social exclusion as well as a sense of belonging and depression have been identified as risk factors for suicide among older adults in pension institutions. In particular, the elderly living in rural pension institutions is more likely to have poor mental health and a higher incidence of suicidal ideation. This study explored the mechanism of social exclusion on suicidal ideation among the elderly in rural pension institutions, and the moderating effect of interpersonal trust. Methods The social exclusion experience scale, sense of belonging, depression self-rating scale (CES-D), suicidal ideation scale (BSI-CV), and interpersonal trust scale (ITS) were used to investigate the elderly in rural pension institutions. A total of 1,387 samples (53.35% female) were collected, ranging in age from 65 to 95 years (M = 72.8, SD = 6.173). Results The results of the study found that: (1) social exclusion increases the suicidal ideation of the elderly in rural pension institutions, and the sense of belonging and depression play a significant chain-mediated role in the relationship between social exclusion and suicidal ideation in the elderly. (2) Interpersonal trust moderates the impact of social exclusion on the sense of belonging, depression, and suicidal ideation. Specifically, interpersonal trust can alleviate the promotion effect of social isolation on suicidal ideation and depression, and can also reduce the adverse effect of social exclusion on the sense of belonging. Discussion This study validates that social exclusion is a risk factor for suicidal ideation in the rural elderly and identifies interpersonal trust as a protective factor against social exclusion and its negative outcomes in the elderly. This study provides a scientific basis for improving the depression status of the elderly in rural China and formulating suicide prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingda Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- School of Business, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
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Liu M, Chen B, Zhong X, Zhang M, Wang Q, Zhou H, Wu Z, Hou L, Peng Q, Zhang S, Yang M, Lin G, Ning Y. Differences in Odor Identification in Early-Onset and Late-Onset Depression. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020276. [PMID: 35204039 PMCID: PMC8870099 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Odor identification (OI) dysfunction is a potential predictor of developing dementia in late life depression (LLD). However, it is not clear whether patients with early onset depression (EOD) and late onset depression (LOD) may exhibit different OI dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to compare OI between EOD patients and LOD patients and its relationship with cognitive function. (2) Methods: A total of 179 patients with LLD and 189 normal controls were recruited. Participants underwent clinical assessment, olfactory testing, and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The OI scores of EOD patients and LOD patients were compared, and correlation analyses and mediation analyses were used to explore the relationship between OI and cognition. (3) Result: LOD patients exhibited lower OI scores than EOD patients and normal controls (NCs). Additionally, the LOD patients exhibited a higher percentage of OI dysfunction than the EOD patients. Moreover, OI scores were associated with global cognition, memory, language, and visuospatial ability in the EOD group (p < 0.05) but were not associated with any cognitive score in the LOD patients (p > 0.05). Finally, the scores of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test Immediate recall and Boston Naming Test exhibited a partially mediating effect on the difference in OI scores between the EOD and LOD patients. (4) Conclusions: LOD patients exhibited worse OI than EOD patients, and their difference in OI was mediated by their memory and language function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Ben Chen
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Min Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Huarong Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Zhangying Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Le Hou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Qi Peng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Si Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Minfeng Yang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Gaohong Lin
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Yuping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (M.L.); (B.C.); (X.Z.); (M.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (Z.W.); (L.H.); (Q.P.); (S.Z.); (M.Y.); (G.L.)
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-81682902
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Zhang S, Chen B, Zhong X, Zhang M, Wang Q, Wu Z, Hou L, Zhou H, Chen X, Liu M, Yang M, Lin G, Hummel T, Ning Y. Interactive Effects of Agitation and Cognitive Impairment on Odor Identification in Patients With Late-Life Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:839012. [PMID: 35350425 PMCID: PMC8957811 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.839012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression (LLD) is a risk factor for cognitive decline in older adults, and odor identification (OI) deficits are an early indicator of cognitive decline with LLD. However, neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in LLD and are associated with OI deficits. In subjects with LLD, when OI deficits forecast cognitive decline, whether and how NPS affects the relationship between OI and cognition still must be further explored. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively explore the potential effects of various NPSs on the relationship between OI and cognition in participants with LLD. METHODS There were 167 patients with LLD and 105 normal elderly (NE) participants. The odor identification test (Sniffin' Sticks), cognitive function assessments (global cognition, memory, executive function, attention, language, visual space), and an NPS assessment (the neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire) were performed on the subjects. In patients with LLD, the relationship among OI, cognition and NPSs was examined using correlation analysis and moderation analysis. RESULTS In patients with LLD, OI was positively correlated with cognition (global cognition, memory, executive function, attention, language) and negatively associated with NPSs (agitation and aberrant motor behavior). In NE group, OI was correlated with executive function. Moderation analysis showed that there was an interactive effect of agitation and cognitive impairment (language deficit or attention deficit) on OI in patients with LLD. CONCLUSION The coexistence of agitation and language or attention deficit was associated with worse OI in subjects with LLD. Agitation should be considered since OI predicts cognitive decline in patients with LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaohong Lin
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Smell and Taste Clinic, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Memory Clinic, Guangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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Li SB, Li ZT, Lyu ZH, Zhang XY, Zou LQ. Odour identification impairment is a trait but not a disease-specific marker for bipolar disorders: Comparisons of bipolar disorder with different episodes, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:71-80. [PMID: 33726558 DOI: 10.1177/0004867421998774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olfactory deficits have been reported in bipolar disorder, but this finding is controversial. This study investigated whether olfactory deficit can serve as a specific marker for bipolar disorder by comparing olfactory function in different mood episodes of bipolar disorder. We also compared olfactory function in bipolar disorder and other mental disorders - namely, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. METHODS The study consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 enrolled 175 bipolar disorder patients (70 depressed subgroup, 70 manic subgroup and 35 euthymic subgroup) and 47 controls. Experiment 2 enrolled the participants from Experiment 1, along with 85 major depressive disorder and 90 schizophrenia patients. The Sniffin' Sticks test was used to evaluate odour identification ability and odour threshold (as a measure of odour sensitivity). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were used to assess depressive symptoms in all subjects and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder patients, respectively. We also used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to assess clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients. RESULTS All three bipolar disorder patient subgroups (depressed, manic and euthymic subgroup) showed reduced odour identification ability compared to controls; however, only patients in the acute phase of a mood episode (depressed, and manic subgroup) showed impaired odour sensitivity. Clinical symptoms were negatively correlated with odour sensitivity but not odour identification ability. Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder patients showed less odour identification and sensitivity impairment than schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSION Odour sensitivity is a potential dopaminergic marker for distinguishing between bipolar disorder patients in acute phase vs remission, while odour identification is a trait but a nonspecific marker of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bin Li
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Tian Li
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Lyu
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Zhang
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lai-Quan Zou
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Gouveri E, Papanas N. Olfactory Dysfunction: A Complication of Diabetes or a Factor That Complicates Glucose Metabolism? A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235637. [PMID: 34884338 PMCID: PMC8658580 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present narrative review presents emerging data regarding the association between diabetes mellitus and olfactory dysfunction and discusses the role of olfactory dysfunction in glucose metabolism. We searched relevant published articles in PubMed and Google Scholar until October 2021. Main key words included “olfactory dysfunction”, “diabetes mellitus”, and “glucose metabolism”. Olfactory dysfunction has been associated with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, it has been proposed to be a diabetic complication, given that it has been linked with microvascular complications, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Interestingly, it has been suggested that olfactory dysfunction is a manifestation of central neuropathy in diabetes, a hypothesis based on the observation that diabetes, olfactory dysfunction, and cognitive decline often coexist. However, evidence is limited and inconsistent. More importantly, olfactory and endocrine systems are closely linked, and olfactory dysfunction plays a significant role in glucose metabolism and obesity. Indeed, food behaviour and energy balance are influenced by olfaction status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68132 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +30-25-5135-1723
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10
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Wang Q, Chen B, Zhong X, Zhou H, Zhang M, Mai N, Wu Z, Huang X, Haehner A, Chen X, Auber LA, Peng Q, Hummel T, Ning Y. Olfactory Dysfunction Is Already Present with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Deepens with Disease Severity in the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:585-595. [PMID: 33361601 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odor identification dysfunction occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is considered a preclinical symptom along with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Nevertheless, whether subjects with SCD are co-symptomatic with odor identification dysfunction remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To compare the degree of odor identification dysfunction and assess the relation between odor identification and cognitive performance in the AD spectrum (including SCD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD). METHODS Patients (84 SCD, 129 MCI, 52 AD) and 35 controls underwent the Sniffin' Sticks Screen 16 test and comprehensive neuropsychological examination. RESULTS Odor identification scores were progressively lower moving from normal older adult to SCD, MCI, and AD. Additionally,the proportion of odor identification dysfunction were increasingly higher in the AD spectrum (p for trend <0.001), but no significant difference was found in the proportion of subjective olfactory dysfunction. No significant correlation was found between odor identification and cognition in the normal older adults and SCD subjects, but odor identification correlated with global cognition in the MCI (r = 0.199, p = 0.033) and in the AD (r = 0.300, p = 0.036) patients. Multiple linear regression showed that odor identification dysfunction was most strongly associated with memory among different cognitive subdomains and was most strongly associated with immediate verbal recall among different memory subdomains. CONCLUSION Odor identification dysfunction is already present with SCD and deepens with disease severity in the AD spectrum, and it may contribute to predicting cognitive decline and identifying SCD subjects who are at risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ben Chen
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Naikeng Mai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingxiao Huang
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinru Chen
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lavinia Alberi Auber
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Swiss Integrative Center of Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Qi Peng
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuping Ning
- Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,The first School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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11
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A novel olfactory threshold test for screening cognitive decline among elderly people. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254357. [PMID: 34252091 PMCID: PMC8274884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory impairment is associated with dementia and is a potential early biomarker of cognitive decline. We developed a novel olfactory threshold test called Sniff Bubble using rose odor-containing beads made with 2-phenylethyl alcohol. We aimed to define cut-off scores for this tool to help identify cognitive decline among elderly people. In total, 162 elderly people (mean age ± SD: 73.04 ± 8.73 years) were administered olfactory threshold and neurocognitive tests. For analyses, we divided the participants into two groups based on cognitive functioning, namely cognitive decline (n = 44) and normal cognition (n = 118) groups. The Sniff Bubble and YSK olfactory function test for olfactory threshold and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders-Clinician Version and Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease assessment packet for neurocognitive functioning were used. We used K-means cluster analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to identify the most appropriate cut-off value. We established a positive correlation between the Sniff Bubble and neurocognitive function test scores (r = 0.431, p < 0.001). We defined the cut-off score, using the ROC curve analyses for Sniff Bubble scores, at 3 and higher with an area under the curve of 0.759 (p < 0.001). The Sniff Bubble test can adequately detect cognitive decline in elderly people and may be used clinically as the first step in the screening process.
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12
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James J, Tsvik AM, Chung SY, Usseglio J, Gudis DA, Overdevest JB. Association between social determinants of health and olfactory function: a scoping review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1472-1493. [PMID: 34047496 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDoH) include the socioeconomic, demographic, and social conditions that influence differences in health status among individuals and groups. The impact of these conditions on olfactory function remains poorly understood. In this scoping review, we systematically review the available literature to synthesize the association between SDoH and olfactory function. METHODS In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, we performed systematic search queries in PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases and categorized articles according to themes that emerged regarding SDoH. The primary outcomes included self-reported and objective measurements of smell. RESULTS We identified 722 unique references that underwent title and abstract review by two independent reviewers, with 70 articles undergoing full-text review and 57 relevant for data extraction. Six themes emerged in our review, under which we categorized the studies and synthesized respective associations with olfactory function. These include studies exploring socioeconomic status (n = 19, 33%), education status (n = 27, 47%), occupational exposures (n = 26, 46%), racial/ethnic disparities (n = 12, 21%), and lifestyle/behavioral factors (n = 33, 58%). CONCLUSIONS Within the context of this scoping review, olfactory dysfunction is significantly more prevalent in patients with lower socioeconomic status, exposure to environmental and occupational toxins, and of minority race/ethnicity, whereas the associations between olfactory dysfunction and education level and lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking seem to be much more elusive. This review highlights the importance of accounting for SDoH in observational studies examining olfactory outcomes. Given the increased awareness of olfactory loss, special consideration should be given to understanding olfactory dysfunction in the context of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel James
- City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Avraham M Tsvik
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Sei Y Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Usseglio
- Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - David A Gudis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan B Overdevest
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Chen B, Benzien C, Faria V, Ning Y, Cuevas M, Linke J, Croy I, Haehner A, Hummel T. Symptoms of Depression in Patients with Chemosensory Disorders. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2021; 83:135-143. [PMID: 33756467 DOI: 10.1159/000513751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with chemosensory dysfunction frequently report symptoms of depression. The current study aims to clarify whether the type (smell dysfunction, taste dysfunction, and mixed smell and taste dysfunction), severity, duration, or cause of dysfunction have differential impacts on the symptoms of depression. METHODS 899 patients with chemosensory disorders and 62 controls were included. Following a structured interview and an otorhinolaryngological examination, subjects underwent olfactory tests (Sniffin' Sticks), gustatory tests (taste sprays) and an assessment of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). Information on the cause and duration of disorders was also collected. RESULTS Patients with combined olfactory/gustatory dysfunction had higher depression scores than patients with smell dysfunction only and controls, and no significant difference was found between the smell dysfunction and controls. Anosmia patients, but not hyposmia patients, exhibited higher depression scores than controls. Among various causes of chemosensory disorders, patients from the posttraumatic group had higher depression scores than patients with other causes of chemosensory dysfunction (sinonasal, idiopathic, or postinfectious). Multiple linear regression analyses suggested that reduced olfactory function was associated with enhanced depression scores in the olfactory disorders group (B = -0.326, t = -2.294, and p = 0.02) and in all patients with chemosensory disorders (B = -0.374, t = -2.550, p = 0.017). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Simultaneously decreased input of olfaction and gustation seems to have an additive effect on the exacerbation of emotional dysfunction. Early intervention should be considered for depression symptoms in patients with mixed olfactory/gustatory dysfunction in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany, .,Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China,
| | - Cara Benzien
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vanda Faria
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain and the Brain, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Mandy Cuevas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jana Linke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Haehner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Chen B, Zhong X, Zhang M, Mai N, Wu Z, Chen X, Peng Q, Zhou H, Wang Q, Yang M, Zhang S, Auber LA, Croy I, Hummel T, Ning Y. The additive effect of late-life depression and olfactory dysfunction on the risk of dementia was mediated by hypersynchronization of the hippocampus/fusiform gyrus. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:172. [PMID: 33731679 PMCID: PMC7969612 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of patients with late-life depression (LLD) with a high risk of developing dementia contributes to early intervention. Odor identification (OI) dysfunction serves as a marker for predicting dementia, but whether OI dysfunction increases the risk of dementia in LLD patients remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the interactive effect of LLD and OI dysfunction on the risk of dementia and its underlying neuroimaging changes. One hundred and fifty-seven LLD patients and 101 normal controls were recruited, and data on their OI, cognition, activity of daily living (ADL), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected. Two × two factorial analyses were used to analyze the interactive effects of LLD and OI dysfunction on neuropsychological and neuroimaging abnormalities. Mediation analyses were used to explore whether abnormalities detected by neuroimaging mediated the the associations between OI and cognition/ADL. The results suggested that LLD and OI dysfunction exhibited additive effects on reduced ADL, global cognition and memory scores, as well as neuroimaging variables including (i) increased fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the right orbitofrontal cortex and right precentral cortex, and (ii) increased regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the left hippocampus/fusiform gyrus, etc. In addition, these increased fALFF and ReHo values were associated with reduced neuropsychological scores (ADL, global cognition, memory, and language). Moreover, ReHo of the left hippocampus/fusiform gyrus completely mediated the relationship between OI and ADL, and partially mediated the relationship between OI and global cognition. Overall, mediated by the hypersynchronization of the left hippocampus/fusiform gyrus, OI dysfunction may increase the risk of dementia in LLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Naikeng Mai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinru Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lavinia Alberi Auber
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Integrative Center of Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- The first School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Age-related olfactory dysfunction, or presbyosmia, is a common sensory impairment in aging adults. People in this demographic group with comorbid conditions or exposure to viral, traumatic, or environmental insults remain at the greatest risk for impairment. Several methods for assessing olfaction exist, but they are only available in special settings and require consideration of age, sex, ancestry, and cognition. Perhaps most importantly, olfactory dysfunction has been suggested as an early sign of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and therefore may serve as a tool in the diagnosis and prognosis of these neurodegenerative conditions. Outside of this context, olfactory loss also impacts nutrition, safety, and social relationships, and even predicts mortality itself. This review covers the detection and manifestations of olfactory decline in aging individuals and the myriad ways in which olfactory impairment is connected to their health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Papazian
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Interactive effects of elevated homocysteine and late-life depression on cognitive impairment. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:212-217. [PMID: 32829197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both an elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level and depression are risk factors for cognitive impairment in the general population, but no study has analyzed whether the coexistence of an elevated Hcy level and late-life depression (LLD) is associated with worse cognitive performance. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between Hcy levels and cognitive function in individuals with LLD and whether the coexistence of an elevated Hcy level and LLD is associated with worse cognitive performance. METHODS A total of 113 LLD patients and 89 normal controls underwent a standardized clinical interview and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery. Plasma concentrations of Hcy were detected. Factorial analyses were performed to examine the impact of the coexistence of an elevated Hcy level and LLD on cognitive performance. RESULTS Plasma Hcy levels in patients with LLD were significantly higher than that in normal controls. Only for LLD patients, Hcy level was negatively correlated with global cognition, executive function, attention, and visual space. The factorial analysis showed that there was a significant interactive effect of Hcy level (normal and elevated levels) and LLD (with and without LLD) on global cognition. In post hoc comparisons, the elderly individuals with both elevated Hcy levels and LLD tended to have the worst global cognitive function compared with those with LLD or elevated Hcy levels alone. CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of an elevated Hcy level and LLD was associated with worse cognitive performance. Early intervention should be initiated to protect cognition in LLD patients with elevated Hcy levels.
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APPL2 Negatively Regulates Olfactory Functions by Switching Fate Commitments of Neural Stem Cells in Adult Olfactory Bulb via Interaction with Notch1 Signaling. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:997-1008. [PMID: 32468397 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult olfactory neurogenesis plays critical roles in maintaining olfactory functions. Newly-generated neurons in the subventricular zone migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB) and determine olfactory discrimination, but the mechanisms underlying the regulation of olfactory neurogenesis remain unclear. Our previous study indicated the potential of APPL2 (adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 2) as a modulating factor for neurogenesis in the adult olfactory system. In the present study, we report how APPL2 affects neurogenesis in the OB and thereby mediates olfactory discrimination by using both in vitro neural stem cells (NSCs) and an in vivo animal model-APPL2 transgenic (Tg) mice. In the in vitro study, we found that APPL2 overexpression resulted in NSCs switching from neuronal differentiation to gliogenesis while APPL2 knockdown promoted neurogenesis. In the in vivo study, APPL2 Tg mice had a higher population of glial cells and dampened neuronal production in the olfactory system, including the corpus callosum, OB, and rostral migratory stream. Adult APPL2 Tg mice displayed impaired performance in olfactory discrimination tests compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, we found that an interaction of APPL2 with Notch1 contributed to the roles of APPL2 in modulating the neurogenic lineage-switching and olfactory behaviors. In conclusion, APPL2 controls olfactory discrimination by switching the fate choice of NSCs via interaction with Notch1 signaling.
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18
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Chen B, Klarmann R, Israel M, Ning Y, Colle R, Hummel T. Difference of olfactory deficit in patients with acute episode of schizophrenia and major depressive episode. Schizophr Res 2019; 212:99-106. [PMID: 31416747 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aim Olfactory deficits are potential markers of early diagnosis, monitoring progress and predicting outcome in patients with schizophrenia and depression. We aimed to investigate differences in patterns and influencing factors of olfactory deficits between patients with acute episode of schizophrenia and major depressive episode (MDE). METHODS Fifty-two patients with acute episode of schizophrenia, 75 patients with unipolar MDE and 199 healthy controls were included in this retrospective study. Following a structured interview, participants underwent olfactory tests (Sniffin' Sticks), assessment of psychiatric symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), and cognitive function (color-word test and word generation test). RESULTS Both patients with schizophrenia and MDE exhibited significant olfactory deficits, and MDE patients have poorer olfactory sensitivity than schizophrenia. Patients with MDE had a higher proportion of olfactory deficits (45.3% and 28%, respectively) but a better self-awareness (21.3% and 9.6%, respectively) than patients with schizophrenia. In patients with schizophrenia, PANSS scores was positively associated with olfactory sensitivity but negatively associated with olfactory identification, and olfactory discrimination was associated with word generation. In patients with MDE, olfactory discrimination was associated with word generation and age, but not disease severity. First-episode schizophrenia group showed significantly lower threshold scores than recurrent schizophrenia group, and first-episode MDE group had significantly lower threshold scores and higher discrimination scores than the recurrent MDE group. CONCLUSIONS Patterns and modulating factors of olfactory deficits in acute episode of schizophrenia and MDE are different, their differences should be considered when using olfactory deficits as marker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chen
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU, Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.
| | | | | | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Romain Colle
- INSERM UMR-1178, CESP, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre F-94275, France
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Negoias S, Chen B, Iannilli E, Ning Y, Kitzler HH, Hummel T, Krüger S. Odor-related brain hyper-reactivity in euthymic bipolar disorder: An fMRI and ERP study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 278:218-227. [PMID: 31226548 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on olfactory function in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are limited and contradictory. The current study aimed to comprehensively analyze the olfactory function of patients with euthymic BD using psychophysical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. Twenty-one patients with BD in remission and 20 healthy controls were tested with the "Sniffin' Sticks" olfactory test. Block-design fMRI data to a pleasant and an unpleasant stimulus were acquired while recording intensity and hedonic ratings. Olfactory event-related potentials (OERP) to the same stimuli were additionally recorded. Results show no differences between patients and healthy controls in terms of self-rated olfactory function and tested olfactory domains (odor threshold, discrimination or identification) (p>0.05). Compared to healthy controls, patients showed an increased fMRI activation in multiple cortical and subcortical regions as a response to olfactory stimulation, as well as larger amplitudes of OERPs regardless of the hedonic valence of the odor. All in all, patients with euthymic BD showed a stronger central responsiveness to odorous stimuli in fMRI and OERPs despite of normal psychophysical results, indicating the probable existence of an odor-related over-reactive brain network in the remission phase of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Negoias
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ben Chen
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Emilia Iannilli
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hagen H Kitzler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Krüger
- Teaching Hospital of the Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Women's Mental Health, Vivantes Humboldt Klinik, Am Nordgraben 2, 13509, Berlin, Germany
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