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Hermosillo-Abundis C, Méndez-Rojas MA, Arias-Carrión O. Implications of environmental nanoparticles on neurodegeneration. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25340. [PMID: 38745527 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of nanoparticles, sourced from both natural environments and human activities, presents critical challenges for public health. While offering significant potential for innovative biomedical applications-especially in enhancing drug transport across the blood-brain barrier-these particles also introduce possible hazards due to inadvertent exposure. This concise review explores the paradoxical nature of nanoparticles, emphasizing their promising applications in healthcare juxtaposed with their potential neurotoxic consequences. Through a detailed examination, we delineate the pathways through which nanoparticles can reach the brain and the subsequent health implications. There is growing evidence of a disturbing association between nanoparticle exposure and the onset of neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting the imperative for comprehensive research and strategic interventions. Gaining a deep understanding of these mechanisms and enacting protective policies are crucial steps toward reducing the health threats of nanoparticles, thereby maximizing their therapeutic advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Méndez-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Audignon-Durand S, Ramalho O, Mandin C, Roudil A, Le Bihan O, Delva F, Lacourt A. Indoor exposure to ultrafine particles related to domestic activities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166947. [PMID: 37690752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (< 100 nm) are of increasing concern because of their toxicological potential. Emission processes suggest their presence in all environments, including at home, where particularly at-risk populations may be exposed. However, knowledge of their impact on health is still limited, due to difficulties in properly assessing exposure in epidemiological studies. In this context, the objective of this study was to provide a complete summary of indoor exposure to ultrafine particles in highly industrialised countries by examining the domestic activities that influence such exposure. We conducted a systematic review, according to PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus up to and including 2021. We carried out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the selected studies with a standardised template. Exposure circumstances, measurement methods, and results were analysed. Finally, a meta-analysis of the measured concentrations was performed to study exposure levels during domestic activities. The review included 69 studies resulting in the analysis of 346 exposure situations. Nine main groups of activities were identified: cooking, which was the most studied, smoking, the use of air-fresheners, cleaning, heating, personal care, printing, do-it-yourself activities, and others. Over 50 different processes were involved in these activities. Based on available particle number concentrations, the highest average of mean concentrations was associated with grilling (14,400 × 103 cm-3), and the lowest with wood stove (18 × 103 cm-3). The highest average of peak concentrations was that for the use of hair dryers (695 × 103 cm-3), and the lowest for the use of air cleaners (11 × 103 cm-3). A hierarchy of domestic activities and related processes leading to ultrafine particle exposure is provided, along with average exposure concentrations at home. However, more extensive measurement campaigns are needed under real-life conditions to improve assessments of indoor exposure to ultrafine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyne Audignon-Durand
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, UMR1219, EPICENE Team, Bordeaux 33000, France; Bordeaux University Hospital, Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Bordeaux 33000, France.
| | - Olivier Ramalho
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building, Marne-La-Vallée 77447, France
| | - Corinne Mandin
- Scientific and Technical Center for Building, Marne-La-Vallée 77447, France
| | - Audrey Roudil
- Bordeaux University Hospital, Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Olivier Le Bihan
- Air Breizh, Association for Ambient Air Quality, Rennes 35 200, France
| | - Fleur Delva
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, UMR1219, EPICENE Team, Bordeaux 33000, France; Bordeaux University Hospital, Environmental and Occupational Health Department, Bordeaux 33000, France
| | - Aude Lacourt
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, UMR1219, EPICENE Team, Bordeaux 33000, France
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Ko HS, Heo KJ, Jeong SB, Shin JH, Choi DY, Seo S, Jung JH. Mini-laser based submicron aerosol generator for the simple and stable simulation of combustion particulate matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151830. [PMID: 34813805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution causes millions of deaths every year. The aerosols, especially airborne nanoparticles generated by combustion, have detrimental effect on health. To protect public health against harmful aerosols, efforts to develop effective air cleaning technology have continued over the past several decades. However, the aerosol generation method used in air cleaning performance tests still rely largely on the traditional methods such as burning cigarettes, paper, and incense. Since the traditional method is inaccurate and unsteady, a more precisely controlled aerosol generation method should be developed. Here, we present a simple and inexpensive aerosol generation method that can easily and consistently produce submicron aerosols through laser ablation. This device constitutes an integrated system with a high-quality mini laser for rapid aerosol generation and a two-axis moving stage for continuous aerosol generation. We demonstrate that the concentration of generated aerosols could be easily controlled by selecting the laser irradiation time and power, resulting in the generation of ~104 particles/cm3 within a few seconds. In addition, the shape and size of generated aerosols can be controlled by changing the target material. This submicron aerosol generation process can be stably maintained for up to 1 h using small-sized (3 cm × 8 cm) affordable and accessible materials, such as wood and leather, highlighting the advantages of this inexpensive and easy-to-use combustion airborne submicron particle generation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sik Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Joon Heo
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sang Bin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Choi
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
| | - SungChul Seo
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Determinants of Solid Fuel Use and Emission Risks among Households: Insights from Limpopo, South Africa. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020067. [PMID: 35202253 PMCID: PMC8880149 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Emissions from residential solid fuels reduce ambient air quality and cause indoor air pollution resulting in adverse human health. The traditional solid fuels used for cooking include coal, straws, dung, and wood, with the latter identified as the prevalent energy source in developing countries. Emissions from such fuel sources appear to be significant hazards and risk factors for asthma and other respiratory diseases. This study aimed at reporting factors influencing the choice of dominant solid fuel for cooking and determine the emission risk from such solid fuel in three villages of Phalaborwa, Limpopo province, South Africa. The study used descriptive analysis to show the relationship between the socio-economic variables and the choice of cooking fuel at the household level. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used further to detect and represent underlying structures in the choice of dominant fuels. MCA shows the diversity and existing relationship of how variables are related analytically and graphically. Generalised linear logistic weight estimation procedure (WLS) was also used to investigate the factors influencing choice of fuel used and the inherent emission risks. In the three villages, wood was the prevalent cooking fuel with 76.8% of participant households using it during the summer and winter seasons. Variables such as low monthly income, level of education, and system of burning are revealed as strong predictors of wood fuel usage. Moreover, income, water heating energy, types of wood, and number of cooking hours are significant (p ≤ 0.05) in influencing emission from wood fuel in the community. A notable conclusion is that variables such as income, education status and system of burning are determinants of wood fuel usage in the three villages, while income, water heating energy, types of wood and number of hours influence vulnerability to household emission and possible health risks in the use of solid energy sources.
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Pasquiou A, Pelluard F, Manangama G, Brochard P, Audignon S, Sentilhes L, Delva F. Occupational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles and Placental Histopathological Lesions: A Retrospective Study about 130 Cases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312719. [PMID: 34886445 PMCID: PMC8656674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are particles smaller than 100 nanometers that are produced unintentionally during human activities or natural phenomena. They have a higher biological reactivity than bigger particles and can reach the placenta after maternal exposure. One study has shown an association between maternal occupational exposure to UFPs and fetal growth restriction. Yet few studies have focused on the effects of UFP exposure on placental histopathological lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal occupational exposure to UFPs and histopathological lesions of their placenta. The analyses were based on data from the ARTEMIS Center. A job-exposure matrix was used to assess occupational exposure to UFPs. The histopathological placental exam was performed by two pathologists who were blinded to the exposure of each subject. The examination was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the Amsterdam consensus. The study sample included 130 placentas (30 exposed, 100 unexposed). Maternal occupational exposure to UFPs during pregnancy is significantly associated with placental hypoplasia (the phenomenon affected 61% of the exposed patients and 34% of the unexposed ones, p < 0.01). Further research is needed to explain its pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pasquiou
- Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fanny Pelluard
- Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- BaRITOn, INSERM U1053, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Guyguy Manangama
- ARTEMIS Center, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.M.); (P.B.); (S.A.); (F.D.)
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Brochard
- ARTEMIS Center, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.M.); (P.B.); (S.A.); (F.D.)
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabyne Audignon
- ARTEMIS Center, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.M.); (P.B.); (S.A.); (F.D.)
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Fleur Delva
- ARTEMIS Center, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (G.M.); (P.B.); (S.A.); (F.D.)
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm UMR1219-EPICENE, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Audignon-Durand S, Gramond C, Ducamp S, Manangama G, Garrigou A, Delva F, Brochard P, Lacourt A. Development of a Job-Exposure Matrix for Ultrafine Particle Exposure: The MatPUF JEM. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:516-527. [PMID: 33637984 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are generated from common work processes and have thus existed for a long time. Far more prevalent than engineered nanoparticles, they share common toxicological characteristics with them. However, there is no existing retrospective assessment tool specific to UFPs, for example, for epidemiological purposes. Thus, we aimed to develop a job-exposure matrix dedicated to UFPs. METHOD Fifty-seven work processes were identified as well as the chemical composition of UFPs emitted, following a literature review and the input of an expert panel. These work processes were associated with occupational codes as defined by the ISCO 1968 classification. The probability and frequency of UFP exposure were assessed for each combination of occupational code and process. Summarized probabilities and frequencies were then calculated for all ISCO occupational codes associated with several processes. Variations in exposure over time or across industrial sectors were accounted for in the assessment of each occupational code. RESULTS In the ISCO classification, 52.8% of the occupational codes (n = 835) assessed were associated with exposure to UFPs, consisting mainly of carbonaceous, metallic, and mineral families (39.5%, 22 and, 15.8%, respectively). Among them, 42.6% involved very probable exposure, and at a high frequency (regularly or continuously). CONCLUSION These results suggest that occupational exposure to UFPs may be extensive at the workplace and could concern a wide variety of workers. Pending the integration of a third parameter assessing the intensity of UFP exposure, the MatPUF JEM already constitutes a promising and easy-to-use tool to study the possible adverse health effects of UFPs at work. It may also guide prevention policies in the occupational environments concerned, including those involving engineered nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyne Audignon-Durand
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital, Service of Occupational Medicine and Occupational Pathology, 12 rue Dubernat, Talence, France
| | - Céline Gramond
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Ducamp
- Santé Publique France, Division of Environmental and Occupational health, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Guyguy Manangama
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital, Service of Occupational Medicine and Occupational Pathology, 12 rue Dubernat, Talence, France
| | - Alain Garrigou
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fleur Delva
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital, Service of Occupational Medicine and Occupational Pathology, 12 rue Dubernat, Talence, France
| | - Patrick Brochard
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University Hospital, Service of Occupational Medicine and Occupational Pathology, 12 rue Dubernat, Talence, France
| | - Aude Lacourt
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219 EPICENE Team, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France
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Liu NM, Miyashita L, Maher BA, McPhail G, Jones CJP, Barratt B, Thangaratinam S, Karloukovski V, Ahmed IA, Aslam Z, Grigg J. Evidence for the presence of air pollution nanoparticles in placental tissue cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:142235. [PMID: 33181987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled particulate matter (PM) from combustion- and friction-sourced air pollution adversely affects organs distant from the lung. A putative mechanism for the remote effect of inhaled PM is that ultrafine, nano-sized fraction (<100 nm) translocates across the air-tissue barrier, directly interacting with phagocytic tissue cells. Although PM is reported in other tissues, whether it is phagocytosed by non-respiratory tissue resident cells is unclear. Using the placenta as an accessible organ for phagocytic cells, we sought to seek evidence for air pollution-derived PM in tissue resident phagocytes. Macrophage-enriched placental cells (MEPCs) were isolated, and examined by light and electron microscopy. MEPC carbon was assessed by image analysis (mean μm2/1000 cells); particle composition and numbers were investigated using magnetic analyses and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. MEPCs phagocytic capacity was assessed by culture with diesel exhaust PM in vitro. Fifteen placentas were analysed. Black inclusions morphologically compatible with inhaled PM were identified within MEPCs from all samples (mean ± SEM carbon loading, 1000 MEPCs/participant of 0.004 ± 0.001 μm2). High resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy revealed abundant nano-sized particle aggregates within MEPCs. MEPC PM was predominantly carbonaceous but also co-associated with a range of trace metals, indicative of high temperature (i.e. exogenous) generation. MEPCs contained readily-measurable amounts of iron-rich, ferrimagnetic particles, in concentrations/particle number concentrations ranging, respectively, from 8 to 50 ng/g and 10 to 60.107 magnetic particles/g (wet wt) MEPCs. Extracted MEPCs (n = 20/ placenta) were phagocytic for PM since all cells showed increased carbon area after culture with diesel PM in vitro (mean ± SEM increase 7.55 ± 1.26 μm2 carbon PM). These findings demonstrate that inhaled, metal-bearing, air pollution-derived PM can not only translocate to distant organs, but is taken up by tissue resident phagocytes in vivo. The human placenta, and hence probably the fetus, thus appears to be a target for such particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norrice M Liu
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Lisa Miyashita
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | | | | | - Carolyn J P Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin Barratt
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, UK
| | - Shakila Thangaratinam
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, WHO Collaborating Centre for Women's Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Imad A Ahmed
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Zabeada Aslam
- Leeds Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Centre, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Peruzzi M, Cavarretta E, Frati G, Carnevale R, Miraldi F, Biondi-Zoccai G, Sciarretta S, Versaci F, Cammalleri V, Avino P, Protano C, Vitali M. Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176029. [PMID: 32825020 PMCID: PMC7504617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modified risk products (MRP) such as electronic vaping cigarettes (EVC) and heat-not-burn cigarettes (HNBC) are appealing alternatives to combustion cigarettes. Limited between- and within-device comparative data are available on MRP. We aimed at comparing indoor particulate matter (PM) emissions measured in a randomized trial enforcing standardized smoking sessions, testing different devices and flavors of MRP, using traditional combustion cigarettes (TCC) as benchmark. Overall, MRP yielded significantly lower levels of indoor PM in comparison to TCC (with median PM levels during smoking for MRP < 100 μg/m3, and for TCC > 1000 μg/m3). Despite this, significant differences among MRP were found, with Iqos appearing associated with a significantly lower burden of emissions for all the monitored fractions of PM, including total PM (all p < 0.05). Precisely, during use, PM ≤1 µm (PM1) emissions were 28 (16; 28) μg/m3 for Glo, 25 (15; 57) μg/m3 for Iqos, and 73 (15; 559) μg/m3 for Juul (p < 0.001 for Glo vs. Iqos, p < 0.001 for Glo vs. Juul, and p = 0.045 for Iqos vs. Juul). Exploratory within-MRP analyses suggested significant differences between flavors, favoring, for instance, Ultramarine for Glo, Bronze for Iqos, and Mango for Juul, even if results varied substantially according to individual smoker. In conclusion, leading MRP have significantly less intense and persistent effects on indoor pollution in comparison to TCC. Yet, when focusing solely on MRP, between-product and between-flavor differences appear, with quantitative estimates suggesting lower polluting effects with Iqos. These results, if confirmed externally, could be used to individualize product and flavor choice to minimize the untoward effects of EVC and HNBC on indoor pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (G.F.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (G.F.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (G.F.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (G.F.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (G.F.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (G.F.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- UOC UTIC Emodinamica e Cardiologia, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, Via Antonio Canova, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.); (M.V.)
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Manigrasso M, Costabile F, Liberto LD, Gobbi GP, Gualtieri M, Zanini G, Avino P. Size resolved aerosol respiratory doses in a Mediterranean urban area: From PM 10 to ultrafine particles. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 141:105714. [PMID: 32416371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of the 2017 "carbonaceous aerosol in Rome and Environs" (CARE) experiment, particle number size distributions have been continuously measured on February 2017 in downtown Rome. These data have been used to estimate, through MPPD model, size and time resolved particle mass, surface area and number doses deposited into the respiratory system. Dosimetry estimates are presented for PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and Ultrafine Particles (UFPs), in relation to the aerosol sources peculiar to the Mediterranean basin and to the atmospheric conditions. Particular emphasis is focused on UFPs and their fraction deposited on the olfactory bulb, in view of their possible translocation to the brain. The site of PM10 deposition within the respiratory system considerably changes, depending on the aerosol sources and then on its different size distributions. On making associations between health endpoints and aerosol mass concentrations, the relevant coarse and fine fractions would be more properly adopted, because they have different sources, different capability of penetrating deep into the respiratory system and different toxicological implications. The separation between them should be set at 1 µm, rather than at 2.5 µm, because the fine fraction is considerably less affected by the contribution of the natural sources. Mass dose is a suitable metric to describe coarse aerosol events but gives a poor representation of combustion aerosol. This fraction of particles, made of UFPs and of accumulation mode particles (mainly with size below 0.2 µm), is of high health relevance. It elicited the highest oxidative activity in the CARE experiment and is properly described by the particle surface area and by the number metrics. Such metrics are even more relevant for the UFP doses deposited on the olfactory bulb, in consideration of the role recognized to oxidative stress in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Such metrics would be more appropriate, rather than PMx mass concentrations, to correlate neurodegenerative pathologies with aerosol pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manigrasso
- Department of Technological Innovations, INAIL, Via IV Novembre 144, I-00187 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Costabile
- CNR-ISAC - Italian National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate, via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Liberto
- CNR-ISAC - Italian National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate, via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Gobbi
- CNR-ISAC - Italian National Research Council, Institute of Atmospheric Science and Climate, via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Zanini
- ENEA SSPT-MET-INAT, Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, via F. De Sanctis, I-86100, Campobasso, Italy
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How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145200. [PMID: 32708489 PMCID: PMC7400601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM) is a well-known health risk factor and pollutes both outdoor and indoor air. Using PM as an air pollution indicator, the aims were to assess outdoor and indoor air pollution due to combustion and/or non-combustion products used outdoors and to compare the PM levels emitted by different products. PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10, 4, 2.5 and 1 µm (PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1) was simultaneously measured in two areas, respectively, indoors (with smoking ban) and outdoors (where people commonly smoke) of a university library during the morning and the afternoon of two weekdays. Both combustion and non-combustion products determined a relevant worsening of outdoor air quality, with the highest PM1 levels achieved when a single traditional cigarette (9920 µg m-3), a single e-cigarette (9810 µg m-3) and three simultaneous traditional cigarettes (8700 µg m-3) were smoked. An increase of indoor PM1 levels was found during outdoor smoking/vaping sessions, persisting also after the end of sessions. The results highlighted the need for a revision of smoke-free laws, especially for outdoor areas, to include non-combustion products. In addition, it is essential to make society aware of the dangers of smoking outdoors by implementing health promotion interventions.
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11
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Alkoussa S, Hulo S, Courcot D, Billet S, Martin PJ. Extracellular vesicles as actors in the air pollution related cardiopulmonary diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:402-423. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1763252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Alkoussa
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sébastien Hulo
- IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, ULR 4483 - IMPECS, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Occupational Health, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sylvain Billet
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Perrine J. Martin
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
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12
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Protano C, Manigrasso M, Cammalleri V, Biondi Zoccai G, Frati G, Avino P, Vitali M. Impact of Electronic Alternatives to Tobacco Cigarettes on Indoor Air Particular Matter Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2947. [PMID: 32344704 PMCID: PMC7254302 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An aerosol study was carried out in a test room measuring particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10, 4, 2.5 and 1 µm (PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1) before and during the use of electronic alternatives to tobacco cigarettes (EATC) IQOS®, GLO®, JUUL®, with different kinds of sticks/pods, as well as during the smoking of a conventional tobacco cigarette. The aerosol was mainly in the PM1 size range (>95%). All studied EATCs caused lower indoor PM1 concentrations than conventional tobacco cigarettes. Nevertheless, they determined a worsening of indoor-PM1 concentration that ranged from very mild for JUUL®-depending on the pod used-to considerably severe for IQOS® and GLO®. Median values ranged from 11.00 (Iqos3 and Juul2) to 337.5 µg m-3 (Iqos4). The high variability of particle loadings was attributed both to the type of stick/pod used and to the different way of smoking of volunteers who smoked/vaped during the experiments. Moreover, during vaping IQOS® and GLO® indoor PM1 concentrations reach levels by far higher than outdoor concentrations that range from 14 to 21 µg m-3, especially during the exhalation of the smoke. From these results emerge an urgent need of a legislative regulation limiting the use of such devices in public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Maurizio Manigrasso
- Department of Technological Innovations, National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), via IV Novembre 144, I-00187 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy; (G.B.Z.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy; (G.B.Z.); (G.F.)
- IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences (DiAAA), University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (M.V.)
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The Effect of Particulate Matter Exposure on the Inflammatory Airway Response of Street Runners and Sedentary People. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes many health benefits. However, its effects are not well known in a polluted environment. Thus, this study aimed to compare upper airway inflammatory responses between street runners and sedentary individuals. Twenty-eight volunteers were recruited: runners (n = 14) and sedentary individuals (n = 14), who lived and worked in the same metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil. Particulate matter (PM) levels were monitored ten weeks before winter (low PM levels) and ten weeks after the beginning of winter (high PM levels) [PM10 (p < 0.0001) and PM2.5 (p < 0.0001)]. The cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A) levels in the nasal lavage and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were taken at the beginning of the winter (baseline) and ten weeks afterwards (after ten weeks of high PM exposure). IL-6 concentration increased in both runners (p = 0.037) and sedentary individuals (p = 0.027) after high PM exposure compared to the baseline. IL-10 concentration increased in sedentary individuals (p = 0.037) while IL-17A levels were increased in runners (p = 0.001) after high PM exposure compared to the baseline. FeNO levels decreased in runners (p = 0.025) after high PM exposure compared to the baseline. Outdoor endurance training acts as an inducer of a differentiated immune response in the upper airways of runners compared to individuals with a sedentary lifestyle from the same community after elevated PM exposure.
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14
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Oxidative Potential Associated with Urban Aerosol Deposited into the Respiratory System and Relevant Elemental and Ionic Fraction Contributions. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Size-segregated aerosol measurements were carried out at an urban and at an industrial site. Soluble and insoluble fractions of elements and inorganic ions were determined. Oxidative potential (OP) was assessed on the soluble fraction of Particulate Matter (PM) by ascorbic acid (AA), dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) and dithiothreitol (DTT) assays. Size resolved elemental, ion and OP doses in the head (H), tracheobronchial (TB) and alveolar (Al) regions were estimated using the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model. The total aerosol respiratory doses due to brake and soil resuspension emissions were higher at the urban than at the industrial site. On the contrary, the doses of anthropic combustion tracers were generally higher at the industrial site. In general, the insoluble fraction was more abundantly distributed in the coarse than in the fine mode and vice versa for the soluble fraction. Consequently, for the latter, the percent of the total respiratory dose deposited in TB and Al regions increased. Oxidative potential assay (OPAA) doses were distributed in the coarse region; therefore, their major contribution was in the H region. The contribution in the TB and Al regions increased for OPDTT and OPDCFH.
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15
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Nanoparticle Behaviour in an Urban Street Canyon at Different Heights and Implications on Indoor Respiratory Doses. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10120772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The amount of outdoor particles that indoor environments receive depends on the particle infiltration factors (Fin), peculiar of each environment, and on the outdoor aerosol concentrations and size distributions. The respiratory doses received, while residing indoor, will change accordingly. This study aims to ascertain to what extent such doses are affected by the vertical distance from the traffic sources. Particle number size distributions have been simultaneously measured at street level and at about 20 m height in a street canyon in downtown Rome. The same Fin have been adopted to estimate indoor aerosol concentrations, due to the infiltration of outdoor particles and then the relevant daily respiratory doses. Aerosol concentrations at ground floor were more than double than at 20 m height and richer in ultrafine particles. Thus, although aerosol infiltration efficiency was on average higher at 20 m height than at ground floor, particles more abundantly infiltrated at ground level. On a daily basis, this involved a 2.5-fold higher dose at ground level than at 20 m height. At both levels, such doses were greater than those estimated over the period of activity of some indoor aerosol sources; therefore, they represent an important contribution to the total daily dose.
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Ultrafine Particles from Residential Biomass Combustion: A Review on Experimental Data and Toxicological Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204992. [PMID: 31601002 PMCID: PMC6834185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass burning is considered an important source of indoor and outdoor air pollutants worldwide. Due to competitive costs and climate change sustainability compared to fossil fuels, biomass combustion for residential heating is increasing and expected to become the major source of primary particulate matter emission over the next 5–15 years. The understanding of health effects and measures necessary to reduce biomass emissions of harmful compounds is mandatory to protect public health. The intent of this review is to report available data on ultrafine particles (UFPs, i.e., particles with diameter smaller than 100 nm) emitted by residential biomass combustion and their effects on human health (in vitro and in vivo studies). Indeed, as far as we know, papers focusing specifically on UFPs originating from residential biomass combustion and their impact on human health are still lacking.
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