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Macintyre VG, Mansell W, Pratt D, Tai SJ. The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness. Front Psychol 2021; 12:588683. [PMID: 33815194 PMCID: PMC8012495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.588683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This paper aims to identify potential areas for refinement in existing theoretical models of suicide, and introduce a new integrative theoretical framework for understanding suicide, that could inform such refinements. Methods Literature on existing theoretical models of suicide and how they contribute to understanding psychological processes involved in suicide was evaluated in a narrative review. This involved identifying psychological processes associated with suicide. Current understanding of these processes is discussed, and suggestions for integration of the existing literature are offered. Results Existing approaches to understanding suicide have advanced the current knowledge of suicide in various ways. They have guided valuable research in the following areas: motivations for suicide and the psychological distress which influences suicide attempts; ambivalence about suicide; suicidal individuals’ focus of attention; and ways in which individuals who contemplate suicide differ from individuals who attempt suicide. We outline a new theoretical framework as a means to integrating all of these concepts into the three principles of control, conflict, and awareness. Within this framework, suicide is regarded as occurring due to a long standing conflict between an individual’s personal goals, culminating in an episode of acute loss of control. The new framework posits that the individual then strives to regain control through the means of suicide because of a narrowed awareness of consequences of their actions on other valued goals. This psychological mechanism of limited awareness is posited to be the common pathway by which individuals make a suicide attempt, regardless of which risk factors are present. Conclusion This article introduces a theoretical framework that generates several hypotheses for future research, and focuses on psychological processes occurring during immediate crisis. One of the key hypotheses resulting from our predictions on how individuals progress from contemplating to attempting suicide will be tested in an ongoing program of research: Individuals who attempt suicide have a significantly reduced awareness of consequences of suicide, which would negatively impact on their important life goals, values, principles, or ideals, compared to individuals who contemplate suicide. Therapy guided by the new framework may be more flexible, immediate, and client-focused than other therapies for suicidal individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa G Macintyre
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Warren Mansell
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Pratt
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sara J Tai
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Novelty processing and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:237-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Do Alzheimer's Disease Patients Benefit From Prior-Knowledge in Associative Recognition Memory? J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:443-452. [PMID: 30696494 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617718001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the influence of prior knowledge on associative memory in healthy aging has received great attention, it has never been studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed at assessing whether AD patients could benefit from prior knowledge in associative memory and whether such benefit would be related to the integrity of their semantic memory. METHODS Twenty-one AD patients and 21 healthy older adults took part in an associative memory task using semantically related and unrelated word pairs and were also submitted to an evaluation of their semantic memory. RESULTS While participants of both groups benefited from semantic relatedness in associative discrimination, related pairs recognition was significantly predicted by semantic memory integrity in healthy older adults only. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that patients benefitted from semantic knowledge to improve their performance in the associative memory task, but that such performance is not related to semantic knowledge integrity evaluation measures because the two tasks differ in the way semantic information is accessed: in an automatic manner for the associative memory task, with automatic processes thought to be relatively preserved in AD, and in a controlled manner for the semantic knowledge evaluation, with controlled processes thought to be impaired in AD. (JINS, 2019, 25, 443-452).
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Ma HR, Sheng LQ, Pan PL, Wang GD, Luo R, Shi HC, Dai ZY, Zhong JG. Cerebral glucose metabolic prediction from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia: a meta-analysis. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:9. [PMID: 29713467 PMCID: PMC5911957 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been utilized to monitor disease conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). However, the conversion patterns of FDG-PET metabolism across studies are not conclusive. We conducted a voxel-wise meta-analysis using Seed-based d Mapping that included 10 baseline voxel-wise FDG-PET comparisons between 93 aMCI converters and 129 aMCI non-converters from nine longitudinal studies. The most robust and reliable metabolic alterations that predicted conversion from aMCI to AD were localized in the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus. Furthermore, meta-regression analyses indicated that baseline mean age and severity of cognitive impairment, and follow-up duration were significant moderators for metabolic alterations in aMCI converters. Our study revealed hypometabolism in the left PCC/precuneus as an early feature in the development of AD. This finding has important implications in understanding the neural substrates for AD conversion and could serve as a potential imaging biomarker for early detection of AD as well as for tracking disease progression at the predementia stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Rong Ma
- 1Department of Neurology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Qin Sheng
- 1Department of Neurology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lei Pan
- 2Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, West Xindu Road 2#, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224001 People's Republic of China
| | - Gen Di Wang
- 2Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, West Xindu Road 2#, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224001 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Luo
- 2Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, West Xindu Road 2#, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224001 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Cun Shi
- 2Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, West Xindu Road 2#, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yu Dai
- 3Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, West Xindu Road 2#, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224001 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guo Zhong
- 2Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, West Xindu Road 2#, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224001 People's Republic of China
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Bos I, Vos SJ, Frölich L, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Maier W, Peters O, Rüther E, Engelborghs S, Niemantsverdriet E, De Roeck EE, Tsolaki M, Freund-Levi Y, Johannsen P, Vandenberghe R, Lleó A, Alcolea D, Frisoni GB, Galluzzi S, Nobili F, Morbelli S, Drzezga A, Didic M, van Berckel BN, Salmon E, Bastin C, Dauby S, Santana I, Baldeiras I, de Mendonça A, Silva D, Wallin A, Nordlund A, Coloma PM, Wientzek A, Alexander M, Novak GP, Gordon MF, Wallin ÅK, Hampel H, Soininen H, Herukka SK, Scheltens P, Verhey FR, Visser PJ. The frequency and influence of dementia risk factors in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:33-40. [PMID: 28482212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether dementia risk factors were associated with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to the International Working Group-2 and National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria, and with cognitive decline. A total of 1394 subjects with mild cognitive impairment from 14 different studies were classified according to these research criteria, based on cognitive performance and biomarkers. We compared the frequency of 10 risk factors between the subgroups, and used Cox-regression to examine the effect of risk factors on cognitive decline. Depression, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia occurred more often in individuals with low-AD-likelihood, compared with those with a high-AD-likelihood. Only alcohol use increased the risk of cognitive decline, regardless of AD pathology. These results suggest that traditional risk factors for AD are not associated with prodromal AD or with progression to dementia, among subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Future studies should validate these findings and determine whether risk factors might be of influence at an earlier stage (i.e., preclinical) of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| | - Stephanie J Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lutz Frölich
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMC), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckhart Rüther
- On behalf of German Dementia Competence Network; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Elisa De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Memory and Dementia Center, "G Papanicolau" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johannsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University of Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Geneva Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Flavio Nobili
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Clinical Neurology, Department of Neurosciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa and IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Nuclear Medicine, Department of Health Science (DISSAL), University of Genoa IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mira Didic
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; AP-HM Hôpitaux de la Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Bart N van Berckel
- On behalf of the EADC-PET consortium; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Salmon
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium; GIGA-CRC in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Solene Dauby
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabel Santana
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre de Mendonça
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dina Silva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arto Nordlund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Preciosa M Coloma
- Real World Data Science (RWD-S) Neuroscience and Established Products, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Pharmaceuticals Division, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Wientzek
- PDB RWD (Real World Data) Team, Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, UK; Epidemiologische Beratung und Literatur-Recherche "conepi", Herrsching, Germany
| | - Myriam Alexander
- PDB RWD (Real World Data) Team, Roche Products Limited, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Gerald P Novak
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Åsa K Wallin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, CEDEX 13, France
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frans R Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands; Alzheimer Center & Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Mutlu J, Landeau B, Tomadesso C, de Flores R, Mézenge F, de La Sayette V, Eustache F, Chételat G. Connectivity Disruption, Atrophy, and Hypometabolism within Posterior Cingulate Networks in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:582. [PMID: 28066167 PMCID: PMC5174151 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a critical brain network hub particularly sensitive to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be subdivided into ventral (vPCC) and dorsal (dPCC) regions. The aim of the present study was to highlight functional connectivity (FC) disruption, atrophy, and hypometabolism within the ventral and dorsal PCC networks in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or AD. Forty-three healthy elders (HE) (68.7 ± 6 years), 34 aMCI (73.4 ± 6.8 years) and 24 AD (70.9 ± 9.1 years) patients underwent resting-state functional MRI, anatomical T1-weighted MRI and FDG-PET scans. We compared FC maps obtained from the vPCC and dPCC seeds in HE to identify the ventral and dorsal PCC networks. We then compared patients and HE on FC, gray matter volume and metabolism within each network. In HE, the ventral PCC network involved the hippocampus and posterior occipitotemporal and temporoparietal regions, whereas the dorsal PCC network included mainly frontal, middle temporal and temporoparietal areas. aMCI patients had impaired ventral network FC in the bilateral hippocampus, but dorsal network FC was preserved. In AD, the ventral network FC disruption had spread to the left parahippocampal and angular regions, while the dorsal network FC was also affected in the right middle temporal cortex. The ventral network was atrophied in the bilateral hippocampus in aMCI patients, and in the vPCC and angular regions as well in AD patients. The dorsal network was only atrophied in AD patients, in the dPCC, bilateral supramarginal and temporal regions. By contrast, hypometabolism was already present in both the vPCC and dPCC networks in aMCI patients, and further extended to include the whole networks in AD patients. The vPCC and dPCC connectivity networks were differentially sensitive to AD. Atrophy and FC disruption were only present in the vPCC network in aMCI patients, and extended to the dPCC network in AD patients, suggesting that the pathology spreads from the vPCC to the dPCC networks. By contrast, hypometabolism seemed to follow a different route, as it was present in both networks since the aMCI stage, possibly reflecting not only local disruption but also distant synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Mutlu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1077Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie UMR-S1077Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077Caen, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1077Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie UMR-S1077Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077Caen, France
| | - Clémence Tomadesso
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1077Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie UMR-S1077Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077Caen, France
| | - Robin de Flores
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1077Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie UMR-S1077Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077Caen, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1077Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie UMR-S1077Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077Caen, France
| | - Vincent de La Sayette
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1077Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie UMR-S1077Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de NeurologieCaen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1077Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie UMR-S1077Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077Caen, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1077Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie UMR-S1077Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077Caen, France; CHU de Caen, U1077Caen, France
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychosocial experiences of people living with dementia using a perceptual control theory (PCT) perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
Conceptual paper.
Findings
The paper suggests that people with dementia may control their perceptions by using four modes of control: control, automatic, passive observation and imagination.
Research limitations/implications
The paper highlights how a perceived sense of “too little” or “too much” control can create psychological and emotional distress, as people with dementia seek to respond to the changing contextual circumstances of their lives. However, more work needs to be done to develop specific PCT informed strategies that may serve the goal of helping people who are living with dementia to maximise their functioning and alleviate their distress.
Originality/value
The potential benefits of adopting a PCT perspective to understand the experiences of people living with dementia have only been explored in a relatively superficial way. This paper is a first attempt to develop a more considered analysis.
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Tomadesso C, Perrotin A, Mutlu J, Mézenge F, Landeau B, Egret S, de la Sayette V, Jonin PY, Eustache F, Desgranges B, Chételat G. Brain structural, functional, and cognitive correlates of recent versus remote autobiographical memories in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 8:473-82. [PMID: 26106572 PMCID: PMC4474362 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in autobiographical memory appear earlier for recent than for remote life periods over the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aims to further our understanding of this graded effect by investigating the cognitive and neural substrates of recent versus remote autobiographical memories in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) thanks to an autobiographical fluency task. 20 aMCI patients and 25 Healthy elderly Controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological tests assessing remote (20-to-30 years old) and recent (the ten last years) autobiographical memory as well as episodic and semantic memory, executive function and global cognition. All patients also had a structural MRI and an FDG-PET scan. Correlations were assessed between each autobiographical memory score and the other tests as well as grey matter volume and metabolism. Within the aMCI, performances for the remote period correlated with personal semantic memory and episodic memory retrieval whereas performances for the recent period only correlated with episodic memory retrieval. Neuroimaging analyses revealed significant correlations between performances for the remote period and temporal pole and temporo-parietal cortex volumes and anterior cingulate gyrus metabolism, while performances for the recent period correlated with hippocampal volume and posterior cingulate, medial prefrontal and hippocampus metabolism. The brain regions related with the retrieval of events from the recent period showed greater atrophy/hypometabolism in aMCI patients compared to HC than those involved in remote memories. Recall of recent memories essentially relies on episodic memory processes and brain network while remote memories also involve other processes such as semantic memory. This is consistent with the semanticization of memories with time and may explain the better resistance of remote memory in AD. We studied cognitive correlates of recent and remote autobiographical memories in aMCI. We evaluated brain structural and functional correlates of each period of life. Recent memories rely on episodic memory processes and brain network. Remote memories also involve other processes such as semantic memory. These findings contribute to explain the better resistance of remote memory in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Tomadesso
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Audrey Perrotin
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Justine Mutlu
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Florence Mézenge
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Brigitte Landeau
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Stéphanie Egret
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Service de Neurologie, Caen, France
| | | | - Francis Eustache
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
| | - Gaël Chételat
- INSERM, Caen, U1077, France ; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France ; CHU de Caen, Caen, U1077, France
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Vos SJB, Verhey F, Frölich L, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Maier W, Peters O, Rüther E, Nobili F, Morbelli S, Frisoni GB, Drzezga A, Didic M, van Berckel BNM, Simmons A, Soininen H, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Lovestone S, Muscio C, Herukka SK, Salmon E, Bastin C, Wallin A, Nordlund A, de Mendonça A, Silva D, Santana I, Lemos R, Engelborghs S, Van der Mussele S, Freund-Levi Y, Wallin ÅK, Hampel H, van der Flier W, Scheltens P, Visser PJ. Prevalence and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease at the mild cognitive impairment stage. Brain 2015; 138:1327-38. [PMID: 25693589 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three sets of research criteria are available for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: the International Working Group-1, International Working Group-2, and National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer Association criteria. We compared the prevalence and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease at the mild cognitive impairment stage according to these criteria. Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (n = 1607), 766 of whom had both amyloid and neuronal injury markers, were recruited from 13 cohorts. We used cognitive test performance and available biomarkers to classify subjects as prodromal Alzheimer's disease according to International Working Group-1 and International Working Group-2 criteria and in the high Alzheimer's disease likelihood group, conflicting biomarker groups (isolated amyloid pathology or suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology), and low Alzheimer's disease likelihood group according to the National Institute of Ageing-Alzheimer Association criteria. Outcome measures were the proportion of subjects with Alzheimer's disease at the mild cognitive impairment stage and progression to Alzheimer's disease-type dementia. We performed survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models. According to the International Working Group-1 criteria, 850 (53%) subjects had prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Their 3-year progression rate to Alzheimer's disease-type dementia was 50% compared to 21% for subjects without prodromal Alzheimer's disease. According to the International Working Group-2 criteria, 308 (40%) subjects had prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Their 3-year progression rate to Alzheimer's disease-type dementia was 61% compared to 22% for subjects without prodromal Alzheimer's disease. According to the National Institute of Ageing-Alzheimer Association criteria, 353 (46%) subjects were in the high Alzheimer's disease likelihood group, 49 (6%) in the isolated amyloid pathology group, 220 (29%) in the suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology group, and 144 (19%) in the low Alzheimer's disease likelihood group. The 3-year progression rate to Alzheimer's disease-type dementia was 59% in the high Alzheimer's disease likelihood group, 22% in the isolated amyloid pathology group, 24% in the suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology group, and 5% in the low Alzheimer's disease likelihood group. Our findings support the use of the proposed research criteria to identify Alzheimer's disease at the mild cognitive impairment stage. In clinical settings, the use of both amyloid and neuronal injury markers as proposed by the National Institute of Ageing-Alzheimer Association criteria offers the most accurate prognosis. For clinical trials, selection of subjects in the National Institute of Ageing-Alzheimer Association high Alzheimer's disease likelihood group or the International Working Group-2 prodromal Alzheimer's disease group could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J B Vos
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Verhey
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lutz Frölich
- 2 Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- 5 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- 6 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Rüther
- 7 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Flavio Nobili
- 8 Clinical Neurophysiology Service, Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- 9 Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- 10 IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy 11 University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- 12 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mira Didic
- 13 Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Pôle de neurosciences cliniques, AP-HM Timone, Aix Marseille Université, INS UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- 14 Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical CentRE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Simmons
- 15 Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Science, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- 16 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- 18 Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 19 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Memory and Dementia Center, 3rd Department of Neurology, "G Papanicolaou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- 20 UMR INSERM 1027, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Lovestone
- 21 University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Muscio
- 10 IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy 22 Fondazione Europea Ricerca Biomedica (FERB), Centro di Eccellenza Alzheimer, Ospedale Briolini, Gazzaniga, Bergamo, Italy 23 Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- 16 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eric Salmon
- 24 Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, CHU Liège, Belgium 25 Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Bastin
- 25 Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anders Wallin
- 26 Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arto Nordlund
- 26 Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre de Mendonça
- 27 Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dina Silva
- 27 Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- 28 Department of Neurology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lemos
- 29 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- 30 Reference Centre for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 31 Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefan Van der Mussele
- 30 Reference Centre for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- 32 Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa K Wallin
- 33 Lund University, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harald Hampel
- 34 Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Wiesje van der Flier
- 35 Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- 35 Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands 35 Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Smailagic N, Vacante M, Hyde C, Martin S, Ukoumunne O, Sachpekidis C. ¹⁸F-FDG PET for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 1:CD010632. [PMID: 25629415 PMCID: PMC7081123 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010632.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ¹⁸F-FDFG uptake by brain tissue as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established method for assessment of brain function in people with dementia. Certain findings on brain PET scans can potentially predict the decline of mild cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease dementia or other dementias. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the ¹⁸F-FDG PET index test for detecting people with MCI at baseline who would clinically convert to Alzheimer's disease dementia or other forms of dementia at follow-up. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Register of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, PsycINFO, BIOSIS previews, LILACS, MEDION, (Meta-analyses van Diagnostisch Onderzoek), DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects), HTA (Health Technology Assessment Database), ARIF (Aggressive Research Intelligence Facility) and C-EBLM (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Committee for Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine) databases to January 2013. We checked the reference lists of any relevant studies and systematic reviews for additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included studies that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET to determine the conversion from MCI to Alzheimer's disease dementia or to other forms of dementia, i.e. any or all of vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and fronto-temporal dementia. These studies necessarily employ delayed verification of conversion to dementia and are sometimes labelled as 'delayed verification cross-sectional studies'. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two blinded review authors independently extracted data, resolving disagreement by discussion, with the option to involve a third review author as arbiter if necessary. We extracted and summarised graphically the data for two-by-two tables. We conducted exploratory analyses by plotting estimates of sensitivity and specificity from each study on forest plots and in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space. When studies had mixed thresholds, we derived estimates of sensitivity and likelihood ratios at fixed values (lower quartile, median and upper quartile) of specificity from the hierarchical summary ROC (HSROC) models. MAIN RESULTS We included 14 studies (421 participants) in the analysis. The sensitivities for conversion from MCI to Alzheimer's disease dementia were between 25% and 100% while the specificities were between 15% and 100%. From the summary ROC curve we fitted we estimated that the sensitivity was 76% (95% confidence interval (CI): 53.8 to 89.7) at the included study median specificity of 82%. This equates to a positive likelihood ratio of 4.03 (95% CI: 2.97 to 5.47), and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.75). Three studies recruited participants from the same Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort but only the largest ADNI study (Herholz 2011) is included in the meta-analysis. In order to demonstrate whether the choice of ADNI study or discriminating brain region (Chételat 2003) or reader assessment (Pardo 2010) make a difference to the pooled estimate, we performed five additional analyses. At the median specificity of 82%, the estimated sensitivity was between 74% and 76%. There was no impact on our findings. In addition to evaluating Alzheimer's disease dementia, five studies evaluated the accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET for all types of dementia. The sensitivities were between 46% and 95% while the specificities were between 29% and 100%; however, we did not conduct a meta-analysis because of too few studies, and those studies which we had found recruited small numbers of participants. Our findings are based on studies with poor reporting, and the majority of included studies had an unclear risk of bias, mainly for the reference standard and participant selection domains. According to the assessment of Index test domain, more than 50% of studies were of poor methodological quality. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS It is difficult to determine to what extent the findings from the meta-analysis can be applied to clinical practice. Given the considerable variability of specificity values and lack of defined thresholds for determination of test positivity in the included studies, the current evidence does not support the routine use of ¹⁸F-FDG PET scans in clinical practice in people with MCI. The ¹⁸F-FDG PET scan is a high-cost investigation, and it is therefore important to clearly demonstrate its accuracy and to standardise the process of ¹⁸F-FDG PET diagnostic modality prior to its being widely used. Future studies with more uniform approaches to thresholds, analysis and study conduct may provide a more homogeneous estimate than the one available from the included studies we have identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Smailagic
- University of CambridgeInstitute of Public HealthForvie SiteRobinson WayCambridgeUKCB2 0SR
| | - Marco Vacante
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalNuffield Department of Medicine ‐ OPTIMAHeadly WayHeadingtonOxfordOxfordshireUKOX3 9DU
| | - Chris Hyde
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterInstitute of Health ResearchVeysey BuildingSalmon Pool LaneExeterUKEX2 4SG
| | - Steven Martin
- University of CambridgeInstitute of Public HealthForvie SiteRobinson WayCambridgeUKCB2 0SR
| | - Obioha Ukoumunne
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterNIHR CLAHRC South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC)Veysey BuildingSalmon Pool LaneExeterDevonUKEX2 4SG
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Rauchs G, Piolino P, Bertran F, de La Sayette V, Viader F, Eustache F, Desgranges B. Retrieval of Recent Autobiographical Memories is Associated with Slow-Wave Sleep in Early AD. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:114. [PMID: 24065896 PMCID: PMC3776137 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory is commonly impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the very recent past which is though highly important in daily life adaptation. In addition, the impact of sleep disturbances, also frequently reported in AD, on the consolidation, and retrieval of autobiographical memories remains to be assessed. Using an adaptation of the TEMPau task, we investigated the neural substrates of autobiographical memory for recent events and the potential relationship with sleep in 14 patients with mild AD. On day 1, autobiographical memory was explored across three periods: remote (18-30 years), the last 2 years and the last month. After testing, sleep was recorded using polysomnography. The next day, AD patients benefited a resting-state (18)FDG-PET scan and a second exploration of autobiographical memory, focusing on the very recent past (today and yesterday). Total recall and episodic recall scores were obtained. In addition, for all events recalled, Remember responses justified by specific factual, spatial, and temporal details were measured using the Remember/Know paradigm. Retrieval of autobiographical memories was impaired in AD, but recall of young adulthood and very recent events was relatively better compared to the two intermediate periods. Recall of recent events (experienced the day and the day preceding the assessment) was correlated with brain glucose consumption in the precuneus and retrosplenial cortex, the calcarine region, the angular gyrus, and lateral temporal areas. AD patients also provided more Justified Remember responses for events experienced the previous-day than for those experienced the day of the assessment. Moreover, Justified Remember responses obtained for events experienced before sleep were positively correlated with the amount of slow-wave sleep. These data provide the first evidence of an association between the ability to retrieve recent autobiographical memories and sleep in mild AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Rauchs
- U1077, INSERM , Caen , France ; UMR-S1077, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie , Caen , France ; UMR-S1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes , Caen , France ; U1077, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , Caen , France
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Genon S, Collette F, Feyers D, Phillips C, Salmon E, Bastin C. Item familiarity and controlled associative retrieval in Alzheimer's disease: an fMRI study. Cortex 2012; 49:1566-84. [PMID: 23313012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Typical Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an impaired form of associative memory, recollection, that includes the controlled retrieval of associations. In contrast, familiarity-based memory for individual items may sometimes be preserved in the early stages of the disease. This is the first study that directly examines whole-brain regional activity during one core aspect of the recollection function: associative controlled episodic retrieval (CER), contrasted to item familiarity in AD patients. Cerebral activity related to associative CER and item familiarity in AD patients and healthy controls (HCs) was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a word-pair recognition task to which the process dissociation procedure was applied. Some patients had null CER estimates (AD-), whereas others did show some CER abilities (AD+), although significantly less than HC. In contrast, familiarity estimates were equivalent in the three groups. In AD+, as in controls, associative CER activated the inferior precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). When performing group comparisons, no region was found to be significantly more activated during CER in HC than AD+ and vice versa. However, during associative CER, functional connectivity between this region and the hippocampus, the inferior parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was significantly higher in HC than in AD+. In all three groups, item familiarity was related to activation along the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). In conclusion, whereas the preserved automatic detection of an old item (without retrieval of accurate word association) is related to parietal activation centred on the IPS, the inferior precuneus/PCC supports associative CER ability in AD patients, as in HC. However, AD patients have deficient functional connectivity during associative CER, suggesting that the residual recollection function in these patients might be impoverished by the lack of some recollection-related aspects such as autonoetic quality, episodic details and verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Genon
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Belgium
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Bastin C, Feyers D, Jedidi H, Bahri MA, Degueldre C, Lemaire C, Collette F, Salmon E. Episodic autobiographical memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: what are the neural correlates? Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1811-25. [PMID: 22422512 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is characterized by impaired retrieval of episodic memories, but relatively preserved personal semantic knowledge. This study aimed to identify (via FDG-PET) the neural substrates of impaired episodic specificity of autobiographical memories in 35 aMCI patients compared with 24 healthy elderly controls. Significant correlations between regional cerebral activity and the proportion of episodic details in autobiographical memories from two life periods were found in specific regions of an autobiographical brain network. In aMCI patients, more than in controls, specifically episodic memories from early adulthood were associated with metabolic activity in the cuneus and in parietal regions. We hypothesized that variable retrieval of episodic autobiographical memories in our aMCI patients would be related to their variable capacity to reactivate specific sensory-perceptual and contextual details of early adulthood events linked to reduced (occipito-parietal) visual imagery and less efficient (parietal) attentional processes. For recent memories (last year), a correlation emerged between the proportion of episodic details and activity in lateral temporal regions and the temporo-parietal junction. Accordingly, variable episodic memory for recent events may be related to the efficiency of controlled search through general events likely to provide cues for the retrieval of episodic details and to the ability to establish a self perspective favouring recollection.
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Archer T, Kostrzewa RM, Beninger RJ, Palomo T. Staging neurodegenerative disorders: structural, regional, biomarker, and functional progressions. Neurotox Res 2011; 19:211-34. [PMID: 20393891 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The notion of staging in the neurodegenerative disorders is modulated by the constant and progressive loss of several aspects of brain structural integrity, circuitry, and neuronal processes. These destructive processes eventually remove individuals' abilities to perform at sufficient and necessary functional capacity at several levels of disease severity. The classification of (a) patients on the basis of diagnosis, risk prognosis, and intervention outcome, forms the basis of clinical staging, and (b) laboratory animals on the basis of animal model of brain disorder, extent of insult, and dysfunctional expression, provides the components for the clinical staging and preclinical staging, respectively, expressing associated epidemiological, biological, and genetic characteristics. The major focus of clinical staging in the present account stems from the fundamental notions of Braak staging as they describe the course and eventual prognosis for Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Mild cognitive impairment, which expresses the decline in episodic and semantic memory performance below the age-adjusted normal range without marked loss of global cognition or activities of daily living, and the applications of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging, major instruments for the monitoring of either disease progression in dementia, present important challenges for staging concepts. Although Braak notions present the essential basis for further developments, current staging conceptualizations seem inadequate to comply with the massive influx of information dealing with neurodegenerative processes in brain, advanced both under clinical realities, and discoveries in the laboratory setting. The contributions of various biomarkers of disease progression, e.g., amyloid precursor protein, and neurotransmitter system imbalances, e.g., dopamine receptor supersensitivity and interactive propensities, await their incorporation into the existing staging models thereby underlining the ongoing, dynamic feature of the staging of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
Both healthy aging and the pathologic incidence of disorders associated with aging involve an array of debilities. Physical exercise harnesses implicit and inherent biologic characteristics amenable to the putative interventional influences under clinical, institutional or laboratory conditions. The neurodegenerative and pathophysiologic progressions that constitute Alzheimer's disease (AD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), normal aging, and different animal models of AD have shown the existence of several putative mechanisms. A large variety of moderating factors have demonstrated that the ever-proliferating plethora of neurotrophic factors, neurogenesis as observed through generality of expression and neuronal arborization. The insistent efficacy of brain vascular angiogenesis may delay also the comorbid incidence of depressive disorders with dementia pathology. The pathogenesis of aging may be contained by selective treatments: these diverse conditions, linked to the basis of the aging concept, have been shown, to greater or lesser extents, to respond to a variety of scheduled applications of physical exercise. The range of reports that provide accounts of the mechanisms mediating the positive progressive response to exercise intervention is far-ranging; these studies indicate that subtle changes at molecular, neuronal, vascular and epigenetic levels may exert notable consequence at functional expression and, perhaps most essentially, offer convincing expectancy of significant benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Ashford JW, Salehi A, Furst A, Bayley P, Frisoni GB, Jack CR, Sabri O, Adamson MM, Coburn KL, Olichney J, Schuff N, Spielman D, Edland SD, Black S, Rosen A, Kennedy D, Weiner M, Perry G. Imaging the Alzheimer brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 26 Suppl 3:1-27. [PMID: 21971448 PMCID: PMC3760773 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This supplement to the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease contains more than half of the chapters from The Handbook of Imaging the Alzheimer Brain, which was first presented at the International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease in Paris, in July, 2011. While the Handbook contains 27 chapters that are modified articles from 2009, 2010, and 2011 issues of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, this supplement contains the 31 new chapters of that book and an introductory article drawn from the introductions to each section of the book. The Handbook was designed to provide a multilevel overview of the full field of brain imaging related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Handbook, as well as this supplement, contains both reviews of the basic concepts of imaging, the latest developments in imaging, and various discussions and perspectives of the problems of the field and promising directions. The Handbook was designed to be useful for students and clinicians interested in AD as well as scientists studying the brain and pathology related to AD.
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