Employing invariants for anomaly detection in software defined networking based industrial internet of things

A Fault-Tolerant Transmission Scheme in SDN-Based Industrial IoT (IIoT) over Fiber-Wireless Networks

Driven by the emerging mission-critical and data-intensive applications in industrial intelligent manufacturing, the software-defined network (SDN) based fiber-wireless access network (FiWi) is attracting considerable attention thanks to its capability of central control and large bandwidth. However, the heterogeneity of the network leads to new challenges, since the packet loss can be caused either by the poor channel quality of wireless links or network component failures. A novel and adaptive mechanism combining sparse random linear network coding with parallel transmission (SNC-PT) is proposed to achieve the fault-tolerance against high packet loss rate and any network element malfunction. We illustrate the benefits of using the SNC-PT mechanism to improve fault tolerance by characterizing the network performance with respect to the completion time and goodput along with its relationship to channel quality and node failures. We show that significant performance gains can be obtained in comparison with conventional uncoded transmission based on transmission control protocol (TCP). The simulation results show that the SNC-PT mechanism is fault-tolerant, while it can significantly shorten the data transmission completion time to at least 12% of the baseline and increase the goodput by about 10% compared to other coding schemes such as random linear network coding.

Software-Defined Networking Solutions, Architecture and Controllers for the Industrial Internet of Things: A Review

The use of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) in the communications of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) demands more comprehensive solutions than those developed to date. The lack of an SDN solution applicable in diverse IIoT scenarios is the problem addressed in this article. The main cause of this problem is the lack of integration of a set of aspects that should be considered in a comprehensive SDN solution. To contribute to the solution of this problem, a review of the literature is conducted in this article, identifying the main requirements for industrial networks nowadays as well as their solutions through SDN. This review indicates that aspects such as security, independence of the network technology used, and network centralized management can be tackled using SDN. All the advantages of this technology can be obtained through the implementation of the same solution, considering a set of aspects proposed by the authors for the implementation of SDNs in IIoT networks. Additionally, after analyzing the main features and advantages of several architectures proposed in the literature, an architecture with distributed network control is proposed for all SDN network scenarios in IIoT. This architecture can be adapted through the inclusion of other necessary elements in specific scenarios. The distributed network control feature is relevant here, as it prevents a single fault-point for an entire industrial network, in exchange for adding some complexity to the network. Finally, the first ideas for the selection of an SDN controller suitable for IIoT scenarios are included, as this is the core element in the proposed architecture. The initial proposal includes the identification of six controllers, which correspond to different types of control planes, and ten characteristics are defined for selecting the most suitable controller through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The analysis and proposal of different fundamental aspects for the implementation of SDNs in IIoT in this article contribute to the development of a comprehensive solution that is not focused on the characteristics of a specific scenario and would, therefore, be applicable in limited situations.