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Campos LM, Guapyassu L, Gomes C, Midlej V, Benchimol M, Mermelstein C, Costa ML. Simvastatin and Muscle: Zebrafish and Chicken Show that the Benefits are not Worth the Damage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:778901. [PMID: 35359432 PMCID: PMC8964290 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.778901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin is one of the most common medicines prescribed to treat human hypercholesterolemia. Simvastatin acts through the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. Unfortunately, simvastatin causes unwanted side effects on muscles, such as soreness, tiredness, or weakness. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of action of simvastatin, it is important to study its physiological and structural impacts on muscle in varied animal models. Here we report on the effects of simvastatin on two biological models: zebrafish embryos and chicken muscle culture. In the last years, our group and others showed that simvastatin treatment in zebrafish embryos reduces fish movements and induces major structural alterations in skeletal muscles. We also showed that simvastatin and membrane cholesterol depletion induce major changes in proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells in chick muscle cultures. Here, we review and discuss these observations considering reported data on the use of simvastatin as a potential therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise M. Campos
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Livia Guapyassu
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cyro Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Midlej
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marlene Benchimol
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade do Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia Mermelstein
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Claudia Mermelstein, r
| | - Manoel Luis Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bourg N, Vu Hong A, Lostal W, Jaber A, Guerchet N, Tanniou G, Bordier F, Bertil-Froidevaux E, Georger C, Daniele N, Richard I, Israeli D. Co-Administration of Simvastatin Does Not Potentiate the Benefit of Gene Therapy in the mdx Mouse Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042016. [PMID: 35216132 PMCID: PMC8878028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and cureless muscle pediatric genetic disease, which is caused by the lack or the drastically reduced expression of dystrophin. Experimental therapeutic approaches for DMD have been mainly focused in recent years on attempts to restore the expression of dystrophin. While significant progress was achieved, the therapeutic benefit of treated patients is still unsatisfactory. Efficiency in gene therapy for DMD is hampered not only by incompletely resolved technical issues, but likely also due to the progressive nature of DMD. It is indeed suspected that some of the secondary pathologies, which are evolving over time in DMD patients, are not fully corrected by the restoration of dystrophin expression. We recently identified perturbations of the mevalonate pathway and of cholesterol metabolism in DMD patients. Taking advantage of the mdx model for DMD, we then demonstrated that some of these perturbations are improved by treatment with the cholesterol-lowering drug, simvastatin. In the present investigation, we tested whether the combination of the restoration of dystrophin expression with simvastatin treatment could have an additive beneficial effect in the mdx model. We confirmed the positive effects of microdystrophin, and of simvastatin, when administrated separately, but detected no additive effect by their combination. Thus, the present study does not support an additive beneficial effect by combining dystrophin restoration with a metabolic normalization by simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bourg
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Ai Vu Hong
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - William Lostal
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Abbass Jaber
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Nicolas Guerchet
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Guillaume Tanniou
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Fanny Bordier
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Emilie Bertil-Froidevaux
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Christophe Georger
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Nathalie Daniele
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - David Israeli
- Généthon, 91000 Evry, France; (N.B.); (A.V.H.); (W.L.); (A.J.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (F.B.); (E.B.-F.); (C.G.); (N.D.); (I.R.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 33-1-6947-2967
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