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Pasquini J, Firbank MJ, Ceravolo R, Silani V, Pavese N. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Microstructural Abnormalities in Multiple System Atrophy: A Comprehensive Review. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1963-1984. [PMID: 36036378 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by autonomic failure, ataxia, and/or parkinsonism. Its prominent pathological alterations can be investigated using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), a technique that exploits the characteristics of water random motion inside brain tissue. The aim of this report was to review currently available literature on the application of dMRI in MSA and to describe microstructural abnormalities, diagnostic applications, and pathophysiological correlates. Sixty-four published studies involving microstructural investigation using dMRI in MSA were included. Widespread microstructural abnormalities of white matter were described, especially in the middle cerebellar peduncle, corticospinal tract, and hemispheric fibers. Gray matter degeneration was identified as well, with diffuse involvement of subcortical structures, especially in the putamina. Diagnostic applications of dMRI were mostly explored for the differential diagnosis between MSA parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. Recently, machine learning algorithms for image processing and disease classification have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, showing potential for translation into clinical practice. To a lesser extent, clinical correlates of microstructural abnormalities have also been investigated, and abnormalities related to motor, ocular, and cognitive impairments were described. dMRI in MSA has contributed to in vivo identification of known pathological abnormalities. Translation into clinical practice of the latest advancements for the differential diagnosis between MSA and other forms of parkinsonism seems feasible. Current limitations involve the possibility of correctly diagnosing MSA in the very early stages, when the clinical diagnosis is most uncertain. Furthermore, pathophysiological correlates of microstructural abnormalities remain understudied. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pasquini
- Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michael J Firbank
- Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Center, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by neuronal loss and gliosis in multiple areas of the central nervous system including striatonigral, olivopontocerebellar and central autonomic structures. Oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein are the histopathological hallmark of MSA. A firm clinical diagnosis requires the presence of autonomic dysfunction in combination with parkinsonism that responds poorly to levodopa and/or cerebellar ataxia. Clinical diagnostic accuracy is suboptimal in early disease because of phenotypic overlaps with Parkinson disease or other types of degenerative parkinsonism as well as with other cerebellar disorders. The symptomatic management of MSA requires a complex multimodal approach to compensate for autonomic failure, alleviate parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia and associated disabilities. None of the available treatments significantly slows the aggressive course of MSA. Despite several failed trials in the past, a robust pipeline of putative disease-modifying agents, along with progress towards early diagnosis and the development of sensitive diagnostic and progression biomarkers for MSA, offer new hope for patients.
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3
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Characterization and diagnostic potential of R2* in early-stage progressive supranuclear palsy variants. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 101:43-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Insulin-like growth factor 2 and autophagy gene expression alteration arise as potential biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2038. [PMID: 35132125 PMCID: PMC8821705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and autophagy-related genes have been proposed as biomolecules of interest related to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). The objective of this study was to determine the IGF2 and IGF1 levels in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with moderately advanced PD and explore the potential correlation with autophagy-related genes in the same blood samples. IGF1 and IGF2 levels in patients' plasma were measured by ELISA, and the IGF2 expression levels were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot in PBMCs. The expression of autophagy-related genes was evaluated by real-time PCR. The results show a significant decrease in IGF2 plasma levels in PD patients compared with a healthy control group. We also report a dramatic decrease in IGF2 mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs from PD patients. In addition, we observed a downregulation of key components of the initial stages of the autophagy process. Although IGF2 levels were not directly correlated with disease severity, we found a correlation between its levels and autophagy gene profile expression in a sex-dependent pattern from the same samples. To further explore this correlation, we treated mice macrophages cell culture with α-synuclein and IGF2. While α-synuclein treatment decreased levels Atg5, IGF2 treatment reverted these effects, increasing Atg5 and Beclin1 levels. Our results suggest a relationship between IGF2 levels and the autophagy process in PD and their potential application as multi-biomarkers to determine PD patients' stages of the disease.
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Shih YC, Tseng WYI, Montaser-Kouhsari L. Recent advances in using diffusion tensor imaging to study white matter alterations in Parkinson's disease: A mini review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1018017. [PMID: 36910861 PMCID: PMC9992993 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1018017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease with cardinal motor symptoms. In addition to motor symptoms, PD is a heterogeneous disease accompanied by many non-motor symptoms that dominate the clinical manifestations in different stages or subtypes of PD, such as cognitive impairments. The heterogeneity of PD suggests widespread brain structural changes, and axonal involvement appears to be critical to the pathophysiology of PD. As α-synuclein pathology has been suggested to cause axonal changes followed by neuronal degeneration, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as an in vivo imaging technique emerges to characterize early detectable white matter changes due to PD. Here, we reviewed the past 5-year literature to show how DTI has helped identify axonal abnormalities at different PD stages or in different PD subtypes and atypical parkinsonism. We also showed the recent clinical utilities of DTI tractography in interventional treatments such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). Mounting evidence supported by multisite DTI data suggests that DTI along with the advanced analytic methods, can delineate dynamic pathophysiological processes from the early to late PD stages and differentiate distinct structural networks affected in PD and other parkinsonism syndromes. It indicates that DTI, along with recent advanced analytic methods, can assist future interventional studies in optimizing treatments for PD patients with different clinical conditions and risk profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chia Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- AcroViz Inc., Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Finkelstein DI, Shukla JJ, Cherny RA, Billings JL, Saleh E, Stefanova N, Barnham KJ, Adlard PA. The Compound ATH434 Prevents Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity in a Murine Model of Multiple System Atrophy. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 12:105-115. [PMID: 34744051 PMCID: PMC9028676 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An elevation in iron levels, together with an accumulation of α-synuclein within the oligodendrocytes, are features of the rare atypical parkinsonian disorder, Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). We have previously tested the novel compound ATH434 (formally called PBT434) in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease and shown that it is brain-penetrant, reduces iron accumulation and iron mediated redox activity, provides neuroprotection, inhibits alpha synuclein aggregation and lowers the tissue levels of alpha synuclein. The compound was also well-tolerated in a first-in-human oral dosing study in healthy and older volunteers with a favorable, dose-dependent pharmacokinetic profile. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of ATH434 in a mouse MSA model. METHODS The PLP-α-syn transgenic mouse overexpresses α-synuclein, demonstrates oligodendroglial pathology, and manifests motor and non-motor aspects of MSA. Animals were provided ATH434 (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day spiked into their food) or control food for 4 months starting at 12 months of age and were culled at 16 months. Western blot was used to assess oligomeric and urea soluble α-synuclein levels in brain homogenates, whilst stereology was used to quantitate the number of nigral neurons and glial cell inclusions (GCIs) present in the substantia nigra pars compacta. RESULTS ATH434 reduced oligomeric and urea soluble α-synuclein aggregation, reduced the number of GCIs, and preserved SNpc neurons. In vitro experiments suggest that ATH434 prevents the formation of toxic oligomeric species of synuclein. CONCLUSION ATH434 is a promising small molecule drug candidate that has potential to move forward to trial for treating MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jay J Shukla
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert A Cherny
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica L Billings
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nadia Stefanova
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Marsili L, Giannini G, Cortelli P, Colosimo C. Early recognition and diagnosis of multiple system atrophy: best practice and emerging concepts. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:993-1004. [PMID: 34253122 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1953984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central and autonomic nervous systems characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, dysautonomia, and pyramidal signs. The confirmatory diagnosis is pathological, but clinical-diagnostic criteria have been developed to help clinicians. To date, the early diagnosis of MSA is challenging due to the lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers.Areas covered: The authors reappraised the main clinical, neurophysiological, imaging, genetic, and laboratory evidence to help in the early diagnosis of MSA in the clinical and in the research settings. They also addressed the practical clinical issues in the differential diagnosis between MSA and other parkinsonian and cerebellar syndromes. Finally, the authors summarized the unmet needs in the early diagnosis of MSA and proposed the next steps for future research efforts in this field.Expert opinion: In the last decade, many advances have been achieved to help the correct MSA diagnosis since early stages. In the next future, the early diagnosis and correct classification of MSA, together with a better knowledge of the causative mechanisms of the disease, will hopefully allow the identification of suitable candidates to enroll in clinical trials and select the most appropriate disease-modifying strategies to slow down disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marsili
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giulia Giannini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica NeuroMet, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica NeuroMet, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Colosimo
- Department of Neurology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
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Update on neuroimaging for categorization of Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism. Curr Opin Neurol 2021; 34:514-524. [PMID: 34010220 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism may be difficult. The objective of this review is to present the work of the last three years in the field of imaging for diagnostic categorization of parkinsonian syndromes focusing on progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). RECENT FINDINGS Two main complementary approaches are being pursued. The first seeks to develop and validate manual qualitative or semi-quantitative imaging markers that can be easily used in clinical practice. The second is based on quantitative measurements of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities integrated in a multimodal approach and in automatic categorization machine learning tools. SUMMARY These two complementary approaches obtained high diagnostic around 90% and above in the classical Richardson form of PSP and probable MSA. Future work will determine if these techniques can improve diagnosis in other PSP variants and early forms of the diseases when all clinical criteria are not fully met.
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"Hot cross bun" is a potential imaging marker for the severity of cerebellar ataxia in MSA-C. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:15. [PMID: 33589630 PMCID: PMC7884406 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the correlation between “hot cross bun” sign (HCBs) and disease severity in multiple system atrophy (MSA). We recruited patients with probable and possible MSA with parkinsonism (MSA-P) or the cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C) subtypes. Clinical and imaging characteristics were collected and comparison was performed between MSA-C and MSA-P cases. Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between HCBs and other variables. Curve estimate and general linear regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between HCBs and the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) IV was used to assess the severity of disease. Multinomial ordered logistic regression was used to confirm the increased likelihood of disability for the disease. Eighty-one MSA with HCBs comprising of 50 MSA-C and 31 MSA-P were recruited. We demonstrated that the severity of HCBs showed a positive linear correlation with SARA scores in MSA-C. Multinomial ordered logistic regression test revealed that the increase in the HCBs grade may be associated with an increased likelihood of disability for the disease severity in MSA, especially in those with cerebellar ataxia subtype. We demonstrated that HCBs is a potential imaging marker for the severity of cerebellar ataxia. The increase in the HCBs grade may be associated with an increased likelihood of disability in MSA-C, but not MSA-P cases, suggesting that it may be a useful imaging indicator for disease progression in Chinese patients with MSA-C.
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Klarendic M, Hribar M, Urbancic NB, Zupancic N, Kramberger MG, Trost M, Battelino S, Kaski D, Kojovic M. Central nystagmus in progressive supranuclear palsy: A neglected clinical feature? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 84:15-22. [PMID: 33517029 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) features parkinsonism characterized by early postural instability, falls and prominent eye movement abnormalities that consist of saccadic slowing, followed by gaze limitation. Nystagmus is not considered typical for PSP, being more commonly associated with multiple system atrophy. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence and phenomenology of nystagmus in patients with PSP. METHODS 42 patients with probable PSP underwent detailed clinical eye movement examination. Patients with nystagmus performed video-nystagmography. T-test, Chi-Square test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to test differences in demographic data, disease duration and PSP subtype between patients with and without nystagmus, and for analysis of video-nystagmographic data. RESULTS Among 42 patients with PSP, we identified 15 patients (35,7%) with gaze-evoked nystagmus, predominantly horizontal. Clinically, 10/15 patients had symmetrical or asymmetrical gaze - evoked nystagmus (Type 1), while 5/15 patients had dissociated gaze-evoked nystagmus related to internuclear ophthalmoplegia (Type 2). Nystagmus and eye movement abnormalities were further characterized by video-nystagmography. There was no significant difference in age, disease duration or PSP subtypes between patients with and without nystagmus. CONCLUSION Central nystagmus is present in more than a third of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. It may present as symmetrical or asymmetrical gaze-evoked nystagmus or as dissociated gaze-evoked nystagmus related to internuclear ophthalmoplegia and probably arises from neurodegeneration of the neural integrator. Nystagmus in PSP has been a hitherto under-described feature and its presence should not deter clinicians from a diagnosis of PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Klarendic
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manja Hribar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Bozanic Urbancic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Zupancic
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milica G Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Trost
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saba Battelino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diego Kaski
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Motor Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maja Kojovic
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Li Y, Sethi SK, Zhang C, Miao Y, Yerramsetty KK, Palutla VK, Gharabaghi S, Wang C, He N, Cheng J, Yan F, Haacke EM. Iron Content in Deep Gray Matter as a Function of Age Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: A Multicenter Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:607705. [PMID: 33488350 PMCID: PMC7815653 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.607705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of resolution on iron content using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM); to verify the consistency of QSM across field strengths and manufacturers in evaluating the iron content of deep gray matter (DGM) of the human brain using subjects from multiple sites; and to establish a susceptibility baseline as a function of age for each DGM structure using both a global and regional iron analysis. METHODS Data from 623 healthy adults, ranging from 20 to 90 years old, were collected across 3 sites using gradient echo imaging on one 1.5 Tesla and two 3.0 Tesla MR scanners. Eight subcortical gray matter nuclei were semi-automatically segmented using a full-width half maximum threshold-based analysis of the QSM data. Mean susceptibility, volume and total iron content with age correlations were evaluated for each measured structure for both the whole-region and RII (high iron content regions) analysis. For the purpose of studying the effect of resolution on QSM, a digitized model of the brain was applied. RESULTS The mean susceptibilities of the caudate nucleus (CN), globus pallidus (GP) and putamen (PUT) were not significantly affected by changing the slice thickness from 0.5 to 3 mm. But for small structures, the susceptibility was reduced by 10% for 2 mm thick slices. For global analysis, the mean susceptibility correlated positively with age for the CN, PUT, red nucleus (RN), substantia nigra (SN), and dentate nucleus (DN). There was a negative correlation with age in the thalamus (THA). The volumes of most nuclei were negatively correlated with age. Apart from the GP, THA, and pulvinar thalamus (PT), all the other structures showed an increasing total iron content despite the reductions in volume with age. For the RII regional high iron content analysis, mean susceptibility in most of the structures was moderately to strongly correlated with age. Similar to the global analysis, apart from the GP, THA, and PT, all structures showed an increasing total iron content. CONCLUSION A reasonable estimate for age-related iron behavior can be obtained from a large cross site, cross manufacturer set of data when high enough resolutions are used. These estimates can be used for correcting for age related iron changes when studying diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other iron related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sean K. Sethi
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- MR Innovations, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, United States
- SpinTech, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, United States
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Miao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | | | | | - Chengyan Wang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ewart Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- MR Innovations, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, United States
- SpinTech, Inc., Bingham Farms, MI, United States
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Reimão S, Guerreiro C, Seppi K, Ferreira JJ, Poewe W. A Standardized MR Imaging Protocol for Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1745-1750. [PMID: 32914459 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Reimão
- Neuroimaging Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Guerreiro
- Neuroimaging Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CNS - Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Arribarat G, De Barros A, Péran P. Modern Brainstem MRI Techniques for the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonisms. Front Neurol 2020; 11:791. [PMID: 32849237 PMCID: PMC7417676 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The brainstem is the earliest vulnerable structure in many neurodegenerative diseases like in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) or Parkinson's disease (PD). Up-to-now, MRI studies have mainly focused on whole-brain data acquisition. Due to its spatial localization, size, and tissue characteristics, brainstem poses particular challenges for MRI. We provide a brief overview on recent advances in brainstem-related MRI markers in Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism's. Several MRI techniques investigating brainstem, mainly the midbrain, showed to be able to discriminate PD patients from controls or to discriminate PD patients from atypical parkinsonism patients: iron-sensitive MRI, nigrosome imaging, neuromelanin-sensitive MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and advanced diffusion imaging. A standardized multimodal brainstem-dedicated MRI approach at high resolution able to quantify microstructural modification in brainstem nuclei would be a promising tool to detect early changes in parkinsonian syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Arribarat
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition (CNRS, Cerco, UMR5549), UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Amaury De Barros
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Anatomy, Toulouse Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Péran
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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