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Tabarki B, Hakami W, Alkhuraish N, Graies-Tlili K, Nashabat M, Alfadhel M. Inherited Metabolic Causes of Stroke in Children: Mechanisms, Types, and Management. Front Neurol 2021; 12:633119. [PMID: 33746889 PMCID: PMC7969979 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.633119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A stroke should be considered in cases of neurologic decompensation associated with inherited metabolic disorders. A resultant stroke could be a classical ischemic stroke (vascular stroke) or more commonly a "metabolic stroke." A metabolic stroke begins with metabolic dysfunctions, usually caused by a stressor, and leads to the rapid onset of prolonged central neurological deficits in the absence of vessel occlusion or rupture. The cardinal features of a metabolic stroke are stroke-like episodes without the confirmation of ischemia in the typical vascular territories, such as that seen in classic thrombotic or embolic strokes. Identifying the underlying cause of a metabolic stroke is essential for prompt and appropriate treatment. This study reviews the major inherited metabolic disorders that predispose patients to pediatric stroke, with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms, types, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Tabarki
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan Hakami
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader Alkhuraish
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kalthoum Graies-Tlili
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Nashabat
- Department of Genetics and Precision Medicine (GPM), King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Department of Genetics and Precision Medicine (GPM), King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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