Speech and language therapy: A treatment case series of 20 patients with functional speech disorder

Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Review

Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (RCPD), also referred to as retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction, is a condition characterized by the inability to burp. The pathophysiology of this condition is thought to result from failure of cricopharyngeal sphincter relaxation during periods of esophageal distension, which leads to patients' bothersome symptoms. RCPD negatively impacts patients' quality of life and is associated with bloating, gurgling, avoidance of carbonation, self-imposed dietary and lifestyle changes designed to minimize discomfort, and flatulence. Complaints often start during adolescence, and many patients search for a diagnosis for years before obtaining treatment. A recent increase in awareness through patient-led social media discussion boards describing the 'no burp' syndrome is leading to an increasing incidence of presentations, often with patients making a self-diagnosis. The increased incidence of RCPD is fueling a larger case series investigating treatment options and outcomes. In this review, we discuss what is known about the pathophysiology of this condition, the otolaryngologic perspective on diagnosis and treatment, the patients' lived experience of this condition, and the influence of social media on RCPD.

Functional Speech and Voice Disorders: Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment

Historically, formal training for speech-language therapists (SLTs) in the area of functional speech and voice disorders (FSVD) has been limited, as has the body of empirical research in this content area. Recent efforts in the field have codified expert opinions on best practices for diagnosing and treating FSVD and have begun to demonstrate positive treatment outcomes. To provide comprehensive interventions for these complex conditions at the intersection of neurology, psychiatry, and other medical specialties, the SLT must not only build knowledge of diagnostic strategies and components of symptomatic treatment in FSVD but also embrace behavior change techniques and counseling strategies.