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Traumatic Brain Injury: An Age-Dependent View of Post-Traumatic Neuroinflammation and Its Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101624. [PMID: 34683918 PMCID: PMC8537402 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability all over the world. TBI leads to (1) an inflammatory response, (2) white matter injuries and (3) neurodegenerative pathologies in the long term. In humans, TBI occurs most often in children and adolescents or in the elderly, and it is well known that immune responses and the neuroregenerative capacities of the brain, among other factors, vary over a lifetime. Thus, age-at-injury can influence the consequences of TBI. Furthermore, age-at-injury also influences the pharmacological effects of drugs. However, the post-TBI inflammatory, neuronal and functional consequences have been mostly studied in experimental young adult animal models. The specificity and the mechanisms underlying the consequences of TBI and pharmacological responses are poorly understood in extreme ages. In this review, we detail the variations of these age-dependent inflammatory responses and consequences after TBI, from an experimental point of view. We investigate the evolution of microglial, astrocyte and other immune cells responses, and the consequences in terms of neuronal death and functional deficits in neonates, juvenile, adolescent and aged male animals, following a single TBI. We also describe the pharmacological responses to anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective agents, highlighting the need for an age-specific approach to the development of therapies of TBI.
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Thau-Zuchman O, Gomes RN, Dyall SC, Davies M, Priestley JV, Groenendijk M, De Wilde MC, Tremoleda JL, Michael-Titus AT. Brain Phospholipid Precursors Administered Post-Injury Reduce Tissue Damage and Improve Neurological Outcome in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:25-42. [PMID: 29768974 PMCID: PMC6306688 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to cellular loss, destabilization of membranes, disruption of synapses and altered brain connectivity, and increased risk of neurodegenerative disease. A significant and long-lasting decrease in phospholipids (PLs), essential membrane constituents, has recently been reported in plasma and brain tissue, in human and experimental TBI. We hypothesized that supporting PL synthesis post-injury could improve outcome post-TBI. We tested this hypothesis using a multi-nutrient combination designed to support the biosynthesis of PLs and available for clinical use. The multi-nutrient, Fortasyn® Connect (FC), contains polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, choline, uridine, vitamins, cofactors required for PL biosynthesis, and has been shown to have significant beneficial effects in early Alzheimer's disease. Male C57BL/6 mice received a controlled cortical impact injury and then were fed a control diet or a diet enriched with FC for 70 days. FC led to a significantly improved sensorimotor outcome and cognition, reduced lesion size and oligodendrocyte loss, and it restored myelin. It reversed the loss of the synaptic protein synaptophysin and decreased levels of the axon growth inhibitor, Nogo-A, thus creating a permissive environment. It decreased microglia activation and the rise in ß-amyloid precursor protein and restored the depressed neurogenesis. The effects of this medical multi-nutrient suggest that support of PL biosynthesis post-TBI, a new treatment paradigm, has significant therapeutic potential in this neurological condition for which there is no satisfactory treatment. The multi-nutrient tested has been used in dementia patients and is safe and well tolerated, which would enable rapid clinical exploration in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Thau-Zuchman
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita N Gomes
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Dyall
- 3 Bournemouth University, Royal London House, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Meirion Davies
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John V Priestley
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Groenendijk
- 2 Nutricia Research-Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C De Wilde
- 2 Nutricia Research-Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi L Tremoleda
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- 1 Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Egawa J, Schilling JM, Cui W, Posadas E, Sawada A, Alas B, Zemljic-Harpf AE, Fannon-Pavlich MJ, Mandyam CD, Roth DM, Patel HH, Patel PM, Head BP. Neuron-specific caveolin-1 overexpression improves motor function and preserves memory in mice subjected to brain trauma. FASEB J 2017; 31:3403-3411. [PMID: 28450301 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601288rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that membrane/lipid rafts and caveolin (Cav) organize progrowth receptors, and, when overexpressed specifically in neurons, Cav-1 augments neuronal signaling and growth and improves cognitive function in adult and aged mice; however, whether neuronal Cav-1 overexpression can preserve motor and cognitive function in the brain trauma setting is unknown. Here, we generated a neuron-targeted Cav-1-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mouse [synapsin-driven Cav-1 (SynCav1 Tg)] and subjected it to a controlled cortical impact model of brain trauma and measured biochemical, anatomic, and behavioral changes. SynCav1 Tg mice exhibited increased hippocampal expression of Cav-1 and membrane/lipid raft localization of postsynaptic density protein 95, NMDA receptor, and tropomyosin receptor kinase B. When subjected to a controlled cortical impact, SynCav1 Tg mice demonstrated preserved hippocampus-dependent fear learning and memory, improved motor function recovery, and decreased brain lesion volume compared with wild-type controls. Neuron-targeted overexpression of Cav-1 in the adult brain prevents hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits, restores motor function after brain trauma, and decreases brain lesion size induced by trauma. Our findings demonstrate that neuron-targeted Cav-1 can be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to restore brain function and prevent trauma-associated maladaptive plasticity.-Egawa, J., Schilling, J. M., Cui, W., Posadas, E., Sawada, A., Alas, B., Zemljic-Harpf, A. E., Fannon-Pavlich, M. J., Mandyam, C. D., Roth, D. M., Patel, H. H., Patel, P. M., Head, B. P. Neuron-specific caveolin-1 overexpression improves motor function and preserves memory in mice subjected to brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Egawa
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Jan M Schilling
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Weihua Cui
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Edmund Posadas
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Atsushi Sawada
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Basheer Alas
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alice E Zemljic-Harpf
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Chitra D Mandyam
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David M Roth
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hemal H Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Piyush M Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian P Head
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; .,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Zhao ZH, Deng B, Xu H, Zhang JF, Mi YJ, Meng XZ, Gou XC, Xu LX. PirB Overexpression Exacerbates Neuronal Apoptosis by Inhibiting TrkB and mTOR Phosphorylation After Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:707-715. [PMID: 27443384 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have proven that paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) plays a crucial suppressant role in neurite outgrowth and neuronal plasticity after central nervous system injury. However, the role of PirB in neuronal survival after cerebral ischemic injury and its mechanisms remains unclear. In the present study, the role of PirB is investigated in the survival and apoptosis of cerebral cortical neurons in cultured primary after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury. The results have shown that rebarbative PirB exacerbates early neuron apoptosis and survival. PirB gene silencing remarkably decreases early apoptosis and promotes neuronal survival after OGD. The expression of bcl-2 markedly increased and the expression of bax significantly decreased in PirB RNAi-treated neurons, as compared with the control- and control RNAi-treated ones. Further, phosphorylated TrkB and mTOR levels are significantly downregulated in the damaged neurons. However, the PirB silencing markedly upregulates phosphorylated TrkB and mTOR levels in the neurons after the OGD. Taken together, the overexpression of PirB inhibits the neuronal survival through increased neuron apoptosis. Importantly, the inhibition of the phosphorylation of TrkB and mTOR may be one of its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hua Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ya-Jing Mi
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiang-Zhong Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xing-Chun Gou
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Li-Xian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Peng WS, Qi C, Zhang H, Gao ML, Wang H, Ren F, Li XQ. Distribution of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B in the nervous system related to regeneration difficulties after unilateral lumbar spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1139-46. [PMID: 26330840 PMCID: PMC4541248 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.160111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) is a functional receptor of myelin-associated inhibitors for axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system, and thus suppresses nerve regeneration. The regulatory effect of PirB on injured nerves has received a lot of attention. To better understand nerve regeneration inability after spinal cord injury, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of PirB (via immunofluorescence) in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system 10 days after injury. Immunoreactivity for PirB increased in the dorsal root ganglia, sciatic nerves, and spinal cord segments. In the dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves, PirB was mainly distributed along neuronal and axonal membranes. PirB was found to exhibit a diffuse, intricate distribution in the dorsal and ventral regions. Immunoreactivity for PirB was enhanced in some cortical neurons located in the bilateral precentral gyri. Overall, the findings suggest a pattern of PirB immunoreactivity in the nervous system after unilateral spinal transection injury, and also indicate that PirB may suppress repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Shu Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Ling Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xia-Qing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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