Single item presenteeism question: Reliability and validity of Persian version in participants with low back pain

Measurement Instruments of Productivity Loss of Paid and Unpaid Work: A Systematic Review and Assessment of Suitability for Health Economic Evaluations From a Societal Perspective

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed (1) to perform a systematic literature review of instruments for measuring productivity loss of paid and unpaid work and (2) to assess the suitability (in terms of identification, measurement, and valuation) of these instruments for use in health economic evaluations from a societal perspective.

METHODS

Articles published from 2018 were sourced from PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, and Econlit. Using 2 separate search strategies, eligible economic evaluations and validation studies were selected and unique measurement instruments identified. A data-extraction form was developed by studying previous literature and consulting an international panel of experts in the field of productivity costs. This data-extraction form was applied to assess the suitability of instruments for use in economic evaluations.

RESULTS

A total of 5982 articles were retrieved from the databases, of which 99 economic evaluations and 9 validation studies were included in the review. A total of 42 unique measurement instruments were identified. Nine instruments provided quantified measures of absenteeism, presenteeism, and unpaid work. Five instruments supplied the necessary information to enable the use of at least 1 common valuation method. The Health and Labour Questionnaire-Short Form, Health and Labour Questionnaire, and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment Productivity Cost Questionnaire met both criteria. Nevertheless, the developers replaced the Health and Labour Questionnaire-Short Form and Health and Labour Questionnaire by the more recently developed Institute for Medical Technology Assessment Productivity Cost Questionnaire.

CONCLUSIONS

Although many instruments for measuring productivity loss were identified, most were not suitable for capturing productivity changes for economic evaluations from a societal perspective. Future research can benefit from this study by making an informed instrument choice for the measurement of productivity loss of paid and unpaid work.

Predictors of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism and sick leave among brazilian elementary school teachers: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

The health risks that usually affect teachers are already known; however, the predictors of health related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave have not yet been fully described.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the predictors of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave among elementary school teachers.

METHODS

This study involved a probabilistic sample of 519 Brazilian elementary school teachers. The outcomes were days of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave in the previous 12 months. Work-place and individual factors were the independent variables analyzed.

RESULTS

Inadequate infrastructure of schools, disability, and medical consultations were positively associated with all outcomes. Teachers who reported having a chronic disease, common mental disorders, and voice disorders presented higher absenteeism and presenteeism days. Musculoskeletal pain and low job support were associated with higher presenteeism and sick leave days. Teachers who performed strength and flexibility activities presented less presenteeism, those who reported physical violence at school were more frequently absent, and teachers with depersonalization presented a higher likelihood of sick leave.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevention of health-related absenteeism, presenteeism, and sick leave among elementary teachers should ensure adequate work conditions and prevention and monitoring of health risks.

Single question about total lying time for assessing physical inactivity in community-dwelling older adults: a study of reliability and discriminant validity from sleeping time

[Purpose] To investigate reliability and discriminant validity of a single question about total lying time for assessing physical inactivity in community-dwelling older people. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 54 healthy older individuals (mean age, 72.5 years), who were asked to recall retrospectively their mean total lying and sleep times per day in the previous week (7 days). The total lying and sleep times per day in the forthcoming week (7 days) were also investigated prospectively after confirming the mean total lying and sleep times per day in the previous week, and their mean values per day were calculated. [Results] Intraclass reliability of total lying and sleep times per day in the forthcoming week were acceptable [ICC (1, 1) for total lying time=0.835, ICC (1, 1) for sleep time=0.707]. No significant difference in average total lying time between the previous (8.4 ± 2.0 hours/day) and forthcoming (8.7 ± 1.7 hours/day) weeks was seen. In the forthcoming week, average total lying time was significantly higher than average sleep time (7.1 ± 1.3 hours/day). There was low significant correlation between total lying time and sleep time. [Conclusion] Total lying time can be measured with acceptable reliability and discriminant validity, and is a different outcome than sleep time in community-dwelling older adults.