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Ahsan M, Garneau L, Aguer C. The bidirectional relationship between AMPK pathway activation and myokine secretion in skeletal muscle: How it affects energy metabolism. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1040809. [PMID: 36479347 PMCID: PMC9721351 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myokines are peptides and proteins secreted by skeletal muscle cells, into the interstitium, or in the blood. Their regulation may be dependent or independent of muscle contraction to induce a variety of metabolic effects. Numerous myokines have been implicated in influencing energy metabolism via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling. As AMPK is centrally involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, it is important to understand how myokines influence its signalling, and vice versa. Such insight will better elucidate the mechanism of metabolic regulation during exercise and at rest. This review encompasses the latest research conducted on the relationship between AMPK signalling and myokines within skeletal muscles via autocrine or paracrine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Léa Garneau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort –Recherche, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort –Recherche, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University—Campus Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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2
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Liu Y, Yan T, Chu JMT, Chen Y, Dunnett S, Ho YS, Wong GTC, Chang RCC. The beneficial effects of physical exercise in the brain and related pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. J Transl Med 2019; 99:943-957. [PMID: 30808929 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0232-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown the beneficial influence of exercise on humans. Apart from classic cardioprotection, numerous studies have demonstrated that different exercise regimes provide a substantial improvement in various brain functions. Although the underlying mechanism is yet to be determined, emerging evidence for neuroprotection has been established in both humans and experimental animals, with most of the valuable findings in the field of mental health, neurodegenerative diseases, and acquired brain injuries. This review will discuss the recent findings of how exercise could ameliorate brain function in neuropathological states, demonstrated by either clinical or laboratory animal studies. Simultaneously, state-of-the-art molecular mechanisms underlying the exercise-induced neuroprotective effects and comparison between different types of exercise will be discussed in detail. A majority of reports show that physical exercise is associated with enhanced cognition throughout different populations and remains as a fascinating area in scientific research because of its universal protective effects in different brain domain functions. This article is to review what we know about how physical exercise modulates the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tim Yan
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - John Man-Tak Chu
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sophie Dunnett
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gordon Tin-Chun Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
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Yamaguchi T, Yamamura O, Hamano T, Murakita K, Nakamoto Y. Premorbid physical activity is modestly associated with gait independence after a stroke: an exploratory study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2019; 15:18. [PMID: 30603050 PMCID: PMC6305997 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-018-0208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regaining physical function after a stroke is important for independence and for performing activities of daily living. Particularly, cerebrovascular disease, which includes stroke, is not entirely avoidable. In the present study, we aimed to observe the association between premorbid physical activities and gait independence after a stroke. Methods Consecutive cerebrovascular stroke patients were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding their premorbid physical activities. The association between gait independence at the completion of in-hospital rehabilitation and premorbid physical activities, as well as age, stroke type, lesion size, and comorbidities, was investigated statistically. Results Of 130 consecutive patients with stroke who answered the questionnaire regarding their premorbid physical activities, 97 regained gait independence. Ambulation and occupational or household activities were most frequently performed by all the participants before stroke onset. Participants who acquired gait independence tended to indicate various premorbid activities compared to participants who did not recover gait independence. Estimating premorbid physical activities in metabolic equivalents suggested that moderate to vigorous activities were associated with an increased probability of post-stroke independent gait but this tendency was dismissed after multivariate analysis including age and history of stroke. Conclusions Premorbid physical activity is associated with gait independence after a stroke, but this association is not as strong as those of age or history of stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11556-018-0208-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamaguchi
- 1Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamura
- 2Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui. Fukui, Shimoaizuki 23, Matsuoka, 9101193 Japan
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- 2Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui. Fukui, Shimoaizuki 23, Matsuoka, 9101193 Japan
| | | | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- 2Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui. Fukui, Shimoaizuki 23, Matsuoka, 9101193 Japan
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Low self-reported sports activity before stroke predicts poor one-year-functional outcome after first-ever ischemic stroke in a population-based stroke register. BMC Neurol 2018; 18:181. [PMID: 30390631 PMCID: PMC6215339 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is associated with lower risk of stroke. We tested the hypothesis that lack of pre-stroke PA is an independent predictor of poor outcome after first-ever ischemic stroke. Methods We assessed recent self-reported PA and other potential predictors for loss of functional independence - modified Rankin Scale (mRS) > 2 - one year after first-ever ischemic stroke in 1370 patients registered between 2006 and 2010 in the Ludwigshafen Stroke Study, a population-based stroke registry. Results After 1 year, 717 (52.3%) of patients lost their independence including 251 patients (18.3%) who had died. In multivariate logistic regression analysis lack of regular PA prior to stroke (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.7, Confidence Interval (CI) 1.1–2.5), independently predicted poor outcome together with higher age (65–74: OR 1.7; CI 1.1–2.8, 75–84 years: OR 3.3; CI 2.1–5.3; ≥85 years OR 14.5; CI 7.4–28.5), female sex (OR 1.5; CI 1.1–2.1), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.8; CI 1.3–2.5), stroke severity (OR 1.2; CI 1.1–1.2), probable atherothrombotic stroke etiology (OR 1.8; CI 1.1–2.8) and high leukocyte count (> 9.000/mm3; OR 1.4; CI 1.0–1.9) at admission. Subclassifying unknown stroke etiology, embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS; n = 40, OR 2.2; CI 0.9–5.5) tended to be associated with loss of independence. Conclusion In addition to previously reported factors, lack of PA prior to stroke as potential indicator of worse physical condition, high leukocyte count at admission as indicator of the inflammatory response and probable atherothrombotic stroke etiology might be independent predictors for non-functional independence in first-ever ischemic stroke.
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Rueegg CS, Kriemler S, Zuercher SJ, Schindera C, Renner A, Hebestreit H, Meier C, Eser P, von der Weid NX. A partially supervised physical activity program for adult and adolescent survivors of childhood cancer (SURfit): study design of a randomized controlled trial [NCT02730767]. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:822. [PMID: 29207962 PMCID: PMC5717834 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond survival of nowadays >80%, modern childhood cancer treatment strives to preserve long-term health and quality of life. However, the majority of today's survivors suffer from short- and long-term adverse effects such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, obesity, osteoporosis, fatigue, depression, and reduced physical fitness and quality of life. Regular exercise can play a major role to mitigate or prevent such late-effects. Despite this, there are no data on the effects of regular exercise in childhood cancer survivors from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Primary outcome of the current RCT is therefore the effect of a 12-months exercise program on a composite cardiovascular disease risk score in childhood cancer survivors. Secondary outcomes are single cardiovascular disease risk factors, glycaemic control, bone health, body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, quality of life, mental health, fatigue and adverse events (safety). METHODS A total of 150 childhood cancer survivors aged ≥16 years and diagnosed ≥5 years prior to the study are recruited from Swiss paediatric oncology clinics. Following the baseline assessments patients are randomized 1:1 into an intervention and control group. Thereafter, they are seen at month 3, 6 and 12 for follow-up assessments. The intervention group is asked to add ≥2.5 h of intense physical activity/week, including 30 min of strength building and 2 h of aerobic exercises. In addition, they are told to reduce screen time by 25%. Regular consulting by physiotherapists, individual web-based activity diaries, and pedometer devices are used as motivational tools for the intervention group. The control group is asked to keep their physical activity levels constant. DISCUSSION The results of this study will show whether a partially supervised exercise intervention can improve cardiovascular disease risk factors, bone health, body composition, physical activity and fitness, fatigue, mental health and quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. If the program will be effective, all relevant information of the SURfit physical activity intervention will be made available to interested clinics that treat and follow-up childhood cancer patients to promote exercise in their patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov [ NCT02730767 ], registration date: 10.12.2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina S. Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simeon J. Zuercher
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Schindera
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Renner
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Endocrinology Centre Zurich AG (PEZZ), Möhrlistrasse 69, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Helge Hebestreit
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Meier
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Bone Research, University Hospital Basel, Missionsstrasse 24, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Prisca Eser
- University Clinic of Cardiology, Preventive Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas X. von der Weid
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Cherbuin N, Carey L, Mortby M, Anstey KJ. Predictors of future stroke in adults 60-64 years living in the community. World J Neurol 2016; 6:14-22. [DOI: 10.5316/wjn.v6.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate predictors of incident stroke in a large epidemiological sample of cognitively healthy individuals in their early 60’s.
METHODS: Cardiovascular (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension status and medication, body mass index, lung forced vital capacity), lifestyle (alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity), mental health (anxiety and depression status, medication and symptomatology), cognition (executive function, processing speed, working memory, sensorimotor skills), and personality measures (behavioural inhibition and activation, positive and negative affect, neuroticism, psychoticism, extraversion) were investigated as predictors of incident stroke in 1774 participants from the Personality and Total Health Through Life Project over an 8-year follow-up. Logistic regression analyses controlled for age, gender, and education were conducted in the whole cohort as well as in case-control sub-analyses including precisely matched controls to identify factors associated with stroke incidence.
RESULTS: The cohort selected had a mean age of 62.5 years (SD = 1.5) and was 48.6% female with an average of 14.1 years of education (SD = 2.6). When 28 individuals with incident stroke were compared to 1746 cognitively healthy individuals in multivariate logistic regression analyses the only significant predictors of stroke across the five domains considered (cardiovascular, lifestyle, mental health, cognition, personality) and after controlling for gender, age, and education were systolic blood pressure (per unit above 140 mmHg: OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01-1.07, P = 0.002), smoking (trend OR = 2.28, 95%CI: 0.99-5.24, P = 0.052), and sensorimotor skills (purdue pegboard: OR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.62-0.96, P = 0.037). Similarly, in matched-control analyses significant group differences were found for systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001), smoking (P = 0.036), and sensorimotor skills (P = 0.028).
CONCLUSION: Identified predictors of incident stroke in community-living individuals included high systolic blood pressure and smoking - but also, sensorimotor performance, a measure which has not yet been reported in the literature.
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Sousa Nanji L, Melo TP, Canhão P, Fonseca AC, Ferro JM. Subarachnoid Haemorrhage and Sports. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2015; 5:146-51. [PMID: 26648972 PMCID: PMC4662293 DOI: 10.1159/000441395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) have been associated with vigorous physical activity, including sports. Our research aimed to describe the association between SAH and sports and to identify the types of sports that were more frequently found as precipitating factors in a tertiary single-centre SAH register. Methods We retrieved information from a prospectively collected SAH registry and reviewed discharge notes of acute SAH patients admitted to the Stroke Unit of Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, between 1995 and 2014. Results Out of 738 patients included in the analysis, 424 (57.5%) cases of SAH were preceded by physical activity. Nine cases (1.2%) were associated with sports, namely running (2 cases), aerobics (2 cases), cycling, body balance, dance, surf and windsurf. Patients with SAH while practicing sports were younger than controls (average age 43.1 vs. 57.0 years; p = 0.007). In 1 patient, there was a report of trauma to the neck. Patients in the sports group only had Hunt and Hess scale grades 1 (11.1%) or 2 (88.9%) at admission, while patients in the control group had a wider distribution in severity. Conclusions Our findings indicate that SAH precipitated by sports is not very frequent and is uncommonly related to trauma. Patients who suffered SAH associated with sports were younger and apparently had a milder clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa P Melo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal ; Neurology/Stroke Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Canhão
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal ; Neurology/Stroke Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal ; Neurology/Stroke Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Ferro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal ; Neurology/Stroke Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
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Daneshfard B, Izadi S, Shariat A, Toudaji MA, Beyzavi Z, Niknam L. Epidemiology of stroke in Shiraz, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2015; 14:158-63. [PMID: 26622981 PMCID: PMC4662689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the main cause of physical disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Two-thirds of all strokes occur in the developing countries. Despite being preventable, stroke is increasingly becoming a major health issue in these countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of stroke in Shiraz, Iran, one of the main referral centers in the southwestern part of Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on all stroke patients admitted to the Namazee Hospital, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, between August 2010 and January 2011. Patients' demographic data, atherosclerosis risk factors, type of stroke, drug history, outcomes, and neurological signs were recorded. Chi-square test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 305 patients with stroke, aged 27-97 years (mean ± SD = 68.33 ± 12.99), 269 patients (88.2%) had ischemic stroke (IS) and 36 (11.8%) had hemorrhagic stroke (HS). 133 patients (43.6%) were men and 172 (56.4%) were women. 11.4% of the patients with IS and 40.6% with HS died during hospitalization, causing 12.1% death in all stroke patients [Odds ratio (Or) = 5.34, 95% Confidence intervals (CI) = 2.35-12.11]. Hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and recurrent stroke were the most common risk factors. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that the epidemiology of stroke in the southwestern part of Iran may be similar to other places. However, it seems necessary and helpful to design a registration system for patients with stroke in Shiraz Namazee Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Daneshfard
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine AND Essence of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute, Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Izadi
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center AND Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolhamid Shariat
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center AND Clinical Neurology Research Center AND Department of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Toudaji
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center AND Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Beyzavi
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center AND Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Niknam
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center AND Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Kim DY, Jung SY, Seo BD. Effect of exercise intervention on changes in free Fatty Acid levels and metabolic risk factors in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:275-9. [PMID: 24648648 PMCID: PMC3944305 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The present study investigated the effects of regular exercise on the improvement of free fatty acid (FFA) levels and metabolic risk factors of stroke patients. [Methods] The subjects were 20 male patients aged 47-59 years who were diagnosed as having hemiplegia resulting from stroke. Exercise was conducted using a stationary bicycle, a rehabilitative exercise machine. The exercise program utilized the heart rate reserve (HRR) method to create an exercise intensity amounting to 50-70% of the target heart rate (THR). The program lasted for 30 minutes and was conducted 5 times per week for a total of 12 weeks. [Results] In stroke patients, 12 weeks of exercise training yielded a significant interaction effect with weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). There were also significant differences in triglycerides (TG) according to the time of measurement, and an interaction effect was observed for triglycerides (TC). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), an important marker of improvement in metabolic risk factors, showed a significant interaction effect with exercise training. In addition, free fatty acids (FFA) showed a significant difference based on the time of measurement and showed a significant negative correlation with HDLC (r = -0.77). [Conclusion] The results of the present study suggest that regular exercise by stroke patients reduces their risk of metabolic complications and stroke recurrence by reducing obesity indices, improving serum lipid and FFA levels, and increasing HDLC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee
University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee
University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Do Seo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health,
Kyungwoon University, Republic of Korea
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Nobel L, Mayo NE, Hanley J, Nadeau L, Daskalopoulou SS. MyRisk_Stroke Calculator: A Personalized Stroke Risk Assessment Tool for the General Population. J Clin Neurol 2014; 10:1-9. [PMID: 24465256 PMCID: PMC3896642 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a variety of stroke risk factors, and engaging individuals in reducing their own personal risk is hugely relevant and could be an optimal dissemination strategy. The aim of the present study was to estimate the stroke risk for specific combinations of health- and lifestyle-related factors, and to develop a personalized stroke-risk assessment tool for health professionals and the general population (called the MyRisk_Stroke Calculator). METHODS This population-based, longitudinal study followed a historical cohort formed from the 1992 or 1998 Santé Québec Health Surveys with information for linkage to health administrative databases. Stroke risk factors were ascertained at the time of survey, and stroke was determined from hospitalizations and death records. Cox proportional hazards models were used, modeling time to stroke in relationship to all variables. RESULTS A total of 358 strokes occurred among a cohort of 17805 persons (men=8181) who were followed for approximately 11 years (i.e., -200000 person-years). The following regression parameters were used to produce 10-year stroke-risk estimates and assign risk points: for age (1 point/year after age 20 years), male sex (3 points), low education (4 points), renal disease (8 points), diabetes (7 points), congestive heart failure (5 points), peripheral arterial disease (2 points), high blood pressure (2 points), ischemic heart disease (1 point), smoking (8 points), >7 alcoholic drinks per week (3 points), low physical activity (2 points), and indicators of anger (4 points), depression (4 points), and anxiety (3 points). According to MyRisk_Stroke Calculator, a person with <50, 75, and 90 risk points has a 10-year stroke risk of <3%, 28%, and >75%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The MyRisk_Stroke Calculator is a simple method of disseminating information to the general population about their stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nobel
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy E Mayo
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Hanley
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyne Nadeau
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle or physical inactivity is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Regular physical activity improves muscular function, cardiac function, and metabolic syndrome-related disorders. Leisure time physical activity reduces all-cause mortality by 22-34% and cardiovascular mortality by 27-35%. These data have been shown in many prospective cohort studies and published in four large meta-analyses with more than 800,000 participants (evidence IA). The risk reduction is somewhat more pronounced in the elderly and in women (IB). In addition to reduced mortality, physical activity also improves cardiopulmonary function and quality of life (IB). This also holds true for coronary artery disease, cardiac failure, and arterial hypertension with high-grade evidence (IA). Furthermore, evidence has been shown a risk reduction in stroke, development of cognitive dysfunction, and intermittent claudication. Training recommendations for physical activity have reached high-grade evidence (IA). Therefore, regular physical activity is one of the most important components of a healthy lifestyle. All physicians should ask their patients at all clinic and office visits about physical activity and recommend activity for prevention and therapy.
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Gallanagh S, Quinn TJ, Alexander J, Walters MR. Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of stroke. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2011; 2011:953818. [PMID: 22389836 PMCID: PMC3263535 DOI: 10.5402/2011/953818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of physical activity in the prevention of stroke is of great interest due to the high mortality and significant impact of stroke-related morbidity on the individual and on healthcare resources. The use of physical activity as a therapeutic strategy to maximise functional recovery in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors has a growing evidence base. This narrative review examines the existing literature surrounding the use of exercise and physical therapy in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. It explores the effect of gender, exercise intensities and the duration of observed benefit. It details the most recent evidence for physical activity in improving functional outcome in stroke patients. The review summaries the current guidelines and recommendations for exercise therapy and highlights areas in which further research and investigation would be useful to determine optimal exercise prescription for effective prevention and rehabilitation in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry J. Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK
| | - Jen Alexander
- Department of Physiotherapy, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK
| | - Matthew R. Walters
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK
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Leyk D. The preventive and therapeutic roles of regular physical activity. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2009; 106:713-4. [PMID: 19997549 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2009.0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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