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Chase O, Javed A, Byrne MJ, Thuenemann EC, Lomonossoff GP, Ranson NA, López-Moya JJ. CryoEM and stability analysis of virus-like particles of potyvirus and ipomovirus infecting a common host. Commun Biol 2023; 6:433. [PMID: 37076658 PMCID: PMC10115852 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV) are members of the genera Potyvirus and Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae, sharing Ipomoea batatas as common host, but transmitted, respectively, by aphids and whiteflies. Virions of family members consist of flexuous rods with multiple copies of a single coat protein (CP) surrounding the RNA genome. Here we report the generation of virus-like particles (VLPs) by transient expression of the CPs of SPFMV and SPMMV in the presence of a replicating RNA in Nicotiana benthamiana. Analysis of the purified VLPs by cryo-electron microscopy, gave structures with resolutions of 2.6 and 3.0 Å, respectively, showing a similar left-handed helical arrangement of 8.8 CP subunits per turn with the C-terminus at the inner surface and a binding pocket for the encapsidated ssRNA. Despite their similar architecture, thermal stability studies reveal that SPMMV VLPs are more stable than those of SPFMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornela Chase
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abid Javed
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew J Byrne
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Electron Bio-Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Eva C Thuenemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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The Plant Viruses and Molecular Farming: How Beneficial They Might Be for Human and Animal Health? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021533. [PMID: 36675043 PMCID: PMC9863966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses have traditionally been studied as pathogens in the context of understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of a particular disease affecting crops. In recent years, viruses have emerged as a new alternative for producing biological nanomaterials and chimeric vaccines. Plant viruses were also used to generate highly efficient expression vectors, revolutionizing plant molecular farming (PMF). Several biological products, including recombinant vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, diagnostic reagents, and other pharmaceutical products produced in plants, have passed their clinical trials and are in their market implementation stage. PMF offers opportunities for fast, adaptive, and low-cost technology to meet ever-growing and critical global health needs. In this review, we summarized the advancements in the virus-like particles-based (VLPs-based) nanotechnologies and the role they played in the production of advanced vaccines, drugs, diagnostic bio-nanomaterials, and other bioactive cargos. We also highlighted various applications and advantages plant-produced vaccines have and their relevance for treating human and animal illnesses. Furthermore, we summarized the plant-based biologics that have passed through clinical trials, the unique challenges they faced, and the challenges they will face to qualify, become available, and succeed on the market.
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High-Yield Production of Chimeric Hepatitis E Virus-Like Particles Bearing the M2e Influenza Epitope and Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 in Plants Using Viral Vectors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415684. [PMID: 36555326 PMCID: PMC9779006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsid protein of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is capable of self-assembly into virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Such VLPs could be used as carriers of antigens for vaccine development. In this study, we obtained VLPs based on truncated coat protein of HEV bearing the M2e peptide of Influenza A virus or receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (RBD). We optimized the immunogenic epitopes' presentation by inserting them into the protruding domain of HEV ORF2 at position Tyr485. The fusion proteins were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using self-replicating potato virus X (PVX)-based vector. The fusion protein HEV/M2, targeted to the cytosol, was expressed at the level of about 300-400 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue and appeared to be soluble. The fusion protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography under native conditions with the final yield about 200 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue. The fusion protein HEV/RBD, targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum, was expressed at about 80-100 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue; the yield after purification was up to 20 μg per gram of fresh leaf tissue. The recombinant proteins HEV/M2 and HEV/RBD formed nanosized virus-like particles that could be recognized by antibodies against inserted epitopes. The ELISA assay showed that antibodies of COVID-19 patients can bind plant-produced HEV/RBD virus-like particles. This study shows that HEV capsid protein is a promising carrier for presentation of foreign antigen.
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Plchová H, Moravec T, Čeřovská N, Pobořilová Z, Dušek J, Kratochvílová K, Navrátil O, Kundu JK. A GoldenBraid-Compatible Virus-Based Vector System for Transient Expression of Heterologous Proteins in Plants. Viruses 2022; 14:1099. [PMID: 35632840 PMCID: PMC9146717 DOI: 10.3390/v14051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector system compatible with the GoldenBraid 2.0 (GB) cloning strategy to transiently express heterologous proteins or peptides in plants for biotechnological purposes. This vector system consists of three domestication vectors carrying three GB parts-the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter with PVX upstream of the second subgenomic promoter of the PVX coat protein (PVX CP SGP), nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator with PVX downstream of the first PVX CP SGP and the gene of interest (GOI). The full-length PVX clone carrying the sequence encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) as GOI was incorporated into the binary GB vector in a one-step reaction of three GB parts using the four-nucleotide GB standard syntax. We investigated whether the obtained vector named GFP/pGBX enables systemic PVX infection and expression of GFP in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. We show that this GB-compatible vector system can be used for simple and efficient assembly of PVX-based expression constructs and that it meets the current need for interchange of standard biological parts used in different expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Plchová
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (N.Č.); (Z.P.); (J.D.); (K.K.); (O.N.)
| | - Tomáš Moravec
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (N.Č.); (Z.P.); (J.D.); (K.K.); (O.N.)
| | - Noemi Čeřovská
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (N.Č.); (Z.P.); (J.D.); (K.K.); (O.N.)
| | - Zuzana Pobořilová
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (N.Č.); (Z.P.); (J.D.); (K.K.); (O.N.)
| | - Jakub Dušek
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (N.Č.); (Z.P.); (J.D.); (K.K.); (O.N.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kratochvílová
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (N.Č.); (Z.P.); (J.D.); (K.K.); (O.N.)
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Navrátil
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (N.Č.); (Z.P.); (J.D.); (K.K.); (O.N.)
| | - Jiban Kumar Kundu
- Laboratory of Virology, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (N.Č.); (Z.P.); (J.D.); (K.K.); (O.N.)
- Plant Virus and Vector Interactions, Centre for Plant Virus Research, Crop Research Institute, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Venkataraman S, Apka P, Shoeb E, Badar U, Hefferon K. Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:642794. [PMID: 34976959 PMCID: PMC8714775 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.642794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) are inexpensive to produce, safe, biodegradable and efficacious as treatments. The applications of r plant virus nanoparticles range from epitope carriers for vaccines to agents in cancer immunotherapy. Both VNPs and virus-like particles (VLPs) are highly immunogenic and are readily phagocytosed by antigen presenting cells (APCs), which in turn elicit antigen processing and display of pathogenic epitopes on their surfaces. Since the VLPs are composed of multiple copies of their respective capsid proteins, they present repetitive multivalent scaffolds which aid in antigen presentation. Therefore, the VLPs prove to be highly suitable platforms for delivery and presentation of antigenic epitopes, resulting in induction of more robust immune response compared to those of their soluble counterparts. Since the tumor microenvironment poses the challenge of self-antigen tolerance, VLPs are preferrable platforms for delivery and display of self-antigens as well as otherwise weakly immunogenic antigens. These properties, in addition to their diminutive size, enable the VLPs to deliver vaccines to the draining lymph nodes in addition to promoting APC interactions. Furthermore, many plant viral VLPs possess inherent adjuvant properties dispensing with the requirement of additional adjuvants to stimulate immune activity. Some of the highly immunogenic VLPs elicit innate immune activity, which in turn instigate adaptive immunity in tumor micro-environments. Plant viral VLPs are nontoxic, inherently stable, and capable of being mass-produced as well as being modified with antigens and drugs, therefore providing an attractive option for eliciting anti-tumor immunity. The following review explores the use of plant viruses as epitope carrying nanoparticles and as a novel tools in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Apka
- Theranostics and Drug Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Erum Shoeb
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Badar
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Venkataraman S, Hefferon K. Application of Plant Viruses in Biotechnology, Medicine, and Human Health. Viruses 2021; 13:1697. [PMID: 34578279 PMCID: PMC8473230 DOI: 10.3390/v13091697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based nanotechnology programs using virus-like particles (VLPs) and virus nanoparticles (VNPs) are emerging platforms that are increasingly used for a variety of applications in biotechnology and medicine. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus X (PVX), by virtue of having high aspect ratios, make ideal platforms for drug delivery. TMV and PVX both possess rod-shaped structures and single-stranded RNA genomes encapsidated by their respective capsid proteins and have shown great promise as drug delivery systems. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has an icosahedral structure, and thus brings unique benefits as a nanoparticle. The uses of these three plant viruses as either nanostructures or expression vectors for high value pharmaceutical proteins such as vaccines and antibodies are discussed extensively in the following review. In addition, the potential uses of geminiviruses in medical biotechnology are explored. The uses of these expression vectors in plant biotechnology applications are also discussed. Finally, in this review, we project future prospects for plant viruses in the fields of medicine, human health, prophylaxis, and therapy of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada;
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Thuenemann EC, Byrne MJ, Peyret H, Saunders K, Castells-Graells R, Ferriol I, Santoni M, Steele JFC, Ranson NA, Avesani L, Lopez-Moya JJ, Lomonossoff GP. A Replicating Viral Vector Greatly Enhances Accumulation of Helical Virus-Like Particles in Plants. Viruses 2021; 13:885. [PMID: 34064959 PMCID: PMC8150850 DOI: 10.3390/v13050885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of plant helical virus-like particles (VLPs) via plant-based expression has been problematic with previous studies suggesting that an RNA scaffold may be necessary for their efficient production. To examine this, we compared the accumulation of VLPs from two potexviruses, papaya mosaic virus and alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV), when the coat proteins were expressed from a replicating potato virus X- based vector (pEff) and a non-replicating vector (pEAQ-HT). Significantly greater quantities of VLPs could be purified when pEff was used. The pEff system was also very efficient at producing VLPs of helical viruses from different virus families. Examination of the RNA content of AltMV and tobacco mosaic virus VLPs produced from pEff revealed the presence of vector-derived RNA sequences, suggesting that the replicating RNA acts as a scaffold for VLP assembly. Cryo-EM analysis of the AltMV VLPs showed they had a structure very similar to that of authentic potexvirus particles. Thus, we conclude that vectors generating replicating forms of RNA, such as pEff, are very efficient for producing helical VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Thuenemann
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (H.P.); (K.S.); (R.C.-G.); (J.F.C.S.)
| | - Matthew J. Byrne
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (M.J.B.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Hadrien Peyret
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (H.P.); (K.S.); (R.C.-G.); (J.F.C.S.)
| | - Keith Saunders
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (H.P.); (K.S.); (R.C.-G.); (J.F.C.S.)
| | - Roger Castells-Graells
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (H.P.); (K.S.); (R.C.-G.); (J.F.C.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Inmaculada Ferriol
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (I.F.); (J.J.L.-M.)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mattia Santoni
- Diamante srl. Strada Le Grazie, 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - John F. C. Steele
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (H.P.); (K.S.); (R.C.-G.); (J.F.C.S.)
- Piramal Healthcare UK Ltd., Piramal Pharma Solutions, Earls Road, Grangemouth, Stirlingshire FK3 8XG, UK
| | - Neil A. Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (M.J.B.); (N.A.R.)
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Juan Jose Lopez-Moya
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (I.F.); (J.J.L.-M.)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - George P. Lomonossoff
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (H.P.); (K.S.); (R.C.-G.); (J.F.C.S.)
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Santoni M, Zampieri R, Avesani L. Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Vaccine Applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:344-356. [PMID: 32048964 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200212100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology, plant virus nanoparticles (pVNPs) are emerging as powerful tools in diverse applications ranging from biomedicine to materials science. The proteinaceous structure of plant viruses allows the capsid structure to be modified by genetic engineering and/or chemical conjugation with nanoscale precision. This means that pVNPs can be engineered to display peptides and proteins on their external surface, including immunodominant peptides derived from pathogens allowing pVNPs to be used for active immunization. In this context, pVNPs are safer than VNPs derived from mammalian viruses because there is no risk of infection or reversion to pathogenicity. Furthermore, pVNPs can be produced rapidly and inexpensively in natural host plants or heterologous production platforms. In this review, we discuss the use of pVNPs for the delivery of peptide antigens to the host immune in pre-clinical studies with the final aim of promoting systemic immunity against the corresponding pathogens. Furthermore, we described the versatility of plant viruses, with innate immunostimulatory properties, in providing a huge natural resource of carriers that can be used to develop the next generation of sustainable vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Santoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona. Strada Le Grazie, 15. 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona. Strada Le Grazie, 15. 37134 Verona, Italy
- Diamante srl. Strada Le Grazie, 15. 37134 Verona, Italy
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Abstract
Annually recurring seasonal influenza causes massive economic loss and poses severe threats to public health worldwide. The current seasonal influenza vaccines are the most effective means of preventing influenza infections but possess major weaknesses. Seasonal influenza vaccines require annual updating of the vaccine strains. However, it is an unreachable task to accurately predict the future circulating strains. Vaccines with mismatched strains dramatically compromise the vaccine efficacy. In addition, the seasonal influenza vaccines are ineffective against an unpredictable pandemic. A universal influenza vaccine would overcome these weaknesses of the seasonal vaccines and abolish the threat of influenza pandemics. One approach under investigation is to design influenza vaccine immunogens based on conserved, type-specific amino acid sequences and conformational epitopes, rather than strain-specific. Such vaccines can elicit broadly reactive humoral and cellular immunity. Universal influenza vaccine development has intensively employed nanotechnology because the structural and morphological properties of nanoparticles dramatically improve vaccine immunogenicity and the induced immunity duration. Layered protein nanoparticles can decrease off-target immune responses, fine-tune antigen recognition and processing, and facilitate comprehensive immune response induction. Herein, we review the designs of effective nanoparticle universal influenza vaccines, the recent discoveries of specific nanoparticle features that contribute to immunogenicity enhancement, and recent progress in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, 145 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-3965, United States
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MacDonald J. History and Promise of Plant-Made Vaccines for Animals. PROSPECTS OF PLANT-BASED VACCINES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122757 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90137-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Donchenko E, Trifonova E, Nikitin N, Atabekov J, Karpova O. Alternanthera mosaic potexvirus: Several Features, Properties, and Application. Adv Virol 2018; 2018:1973705. [PMID: 30018641 PMCID: PMC6029478 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1973705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) is a typical member of the Potexvirus genus in its morphology and genome structure; still it exhibits a number of unique features. They allow this virus to be considered a promising object for biotechnology. Virions and virus-like particles (VLPs) of AltMV are stable in a wide range of conditions, including sera of laboratory animals. AltMV VLPs can assemble at various pH and ionic strengths. Furthermore, AltMV virions and VLPs demonstrate high immunogenicity, enhancing the immune response to the target antigen thus offering the possibility of being used as potential adjuvants. Recently, for the first time for plant viruses, we showed the structural difference between morphologically similar viral and virus-like particles on AltMV virions and VLPs. In this review, we discuss the features of AltMV virions, AltMV VLP assembly, and their structure and properties, as well as the characteristics of AltMV isolates, host plants, infection symptoms, AltMV isolation and purification, genome structure, viral proteins, and AltMV-based vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Donchenko
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Trifonova
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Nikolai Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Joseph Atabekov
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Olga Karpova
- Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
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12
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Firsov A, Tarasenko I, Mitiouchkina T, Ismailova N, Shaloiko L, Vainstein A, Dolgov S. High-Yield Expression of M2e Peptide of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Transgenic Duckweed Plants. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:653-61. [PMID: 25740321 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza is a major viral disease in poultry. Antigenic variation of this virus hinders vaccine development. However, the extracellular domain of the virus-encoded M2 protein (peptide M2e) is nearly invariant in all influenza A strains, enabling the development of a broad-range vaccine against them. Antigen expression in transgenic plants is becoming a popular alternative to classical expression methods. Here we expressed M2e from avian influenza virus A/chicken/Kurgan/5/2005(H5N1) in nuclear-transformed duckweed plants for further development of avian influenza vaccine. The N-terminal fragment of M2, including M2e, was selected for expression. The M2e DNA sequence fused in-frame to the 5' end of β-glucuronidase was cloned into pBI121 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. The resulting plasmid was successfully used for duckweed transformation, and western analysis with anti-β-glucuronidase and anti-M2e antibodies confirmed accumulation of the target protein (M130) in 17 independent transgenic lines. Quantitative ELISA of crude protein extracts from these lines showed M130-β-glucuronidase accumulation ranging from 0.09-0.97 mg/g FW (0.12-1.96 % of total soluble protein), equivalent to yields of up to 40 μg M2e/g plant FW. This relatively high yield holds promise for the development of a duckweed-based expression system to produce an edible vaccine against avian influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Firsov
- Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the RAS, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russian Federation, 142290,
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13
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Plant Viruses as Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines and Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:620-37. [PMID: 26350598 PMCID: PMC4586470 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are considered one of the greatest medical achievements in the battle against infectious diseases. However, the intractability of various diseases such as hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and cancer poses persistent hurdles given that traditional vaccine-development methods have proven to be ineffective; as such, these challenges have driven the emergence of novel vaccine design approaches. In this regard, much effort has been put into the development of new safe adjuvants and vaccine platforms. Of particular interest, the utilization of plant virus-like nanoparticles and recombinant plant viruses has gained increasing significance as an effective tool in the development of novel vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. The present review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant viruses as nanoparticle-based vaccines and adjuvants and their mechanism of action. Harnessing plant-virus immunogenic properties will enable the design of novel, safe, and efficacious prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against disease.
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Deng L, Cho KJ, Fiers W, Saelens X. M2e-Based Universal Influenza A Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:105-36. [PMID: 26344949 PMCID: PMC4494237 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful isolation of a human influenza virus in 1933 was soon followed by the first attempts to develop an influenza vaccine. Nowadays, vaccination is still the most effective method to prevent human influenza disease. However, licensed influenza vaccines offer protection against antigenically matching viruses, and the composition of these vaccines needs to be updated nearly every year. Vaccines that target conserved epitopes of influenza viruses would in principle not require such updating and would probably have a considerable positive impact on global human health in case of a pandemic outbreak. The extracellular domain of Matrix 2 (M2e) protein is an evolutionarily conserved region in influenza A viruses and a promising epitope for designing a universal influenza vaccine. Here we review the seminal and recent studies that focused on M2e as a vaccine antigen. We address the mechanism of action and the clinical development of M2e-vaccines. Finally, we try to foresee how M2e-based vaccines could be implemented clinically in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ki Joon Cho
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Walter Fiers
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Abstract
Plant-made or "biofarmed" viral vaccines are some of the earliest products of the technology of plant molecular farming, and remain some of the brightest prospects for the success of this field. Proofs of principle and of efficacy exist for many candidate viral veterinary vaccines; the use of plant-made viral antigens and of monoclonal antibodies for therapy of animal and even human viral disease is also well established. This review explores some of the more prominent recent advances in the biofarming of viral vaccines and therapies, including the recent use of ZMapp for Ebolavirus infection, and explores some possible future applications of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa.
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16
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Aboul-Ata AAE, Vitti A, Nuzzaci M, El-Attar AK, Piazzolla G, Tortorella C, Harandi AM, Olson O, Wright SA, Piazzolla P. Plant-based vaccines: novel and low-cost possible route for Mediterranean innovative vaccination strategies. Adv Virus Res 2014; 89:1-37. [PMID: 24751193 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800172-1.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A plant bioreactor has enormous capability as a system that supports many biological activities, that is, production of plant bodies, virus-like particles (VLPs), and vaccines. Foreign gene expression is an efficient mechanism for getting protein vaccines against different human viral and nonviral diseases. Plants make it easy to deal with safe, inexpensive, and provide trouble-free storage. The broad spectrum of safe gene promoters is being used to avoid risk assessments. Engineered virus-based vectors have no side effect. The process can be manipulated as follows: (a) retrieve and select gene encoding, use an antigenic protein from GenBank and/or from a viral-genome sequence, (b) design and construct hybrid-virus vectors (viral vector with a gene of interest) eventually flanked by plant-specific genetic regulatory elements for constitutive expression for obtaining chimeric virus, (c) gene transformation and/or transfection, for transient expression, into a plant-host model, that is, tobacco, to get protocols processed positively, and then moving into edible host plants, (d) confirmation of protein expression by bioassay, PCR-associated tests (RT-PCR), Northern and Western blotting analysis, and serological assay (ELISA), (e) expression for adjuvant recombinant protein seeking better antigenicity, (f) extraction and purification of expressed protein for identification and dosing, (g) antigenicity capability evaluated using parental or oral delivery in animal models (mice and/or rabbit immunization), and (h) growing of construct-treated edible crops in protective green houses. Some successful cases of heterologous gene-expressed protein, as edible vaccine, are being discussed, that is, hepatitis C virus (HCV). R9 mimotope, also named hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), was derived from the HVR1 of HCV. It was used as a potential neutralizing epitope of HCV. The mimotope was expressed using cucumber mosaic virus coat protein (CP), alfalfa mosaic virus CP P3/RNA3, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) CP-tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) CP as expression vectors into tobacco plants. Expressed recombinant protein has not only been confirmed as a therapeutic but also as a diagnostic tool. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), HSV-2 gD, and HSV-2 VP16 subunits were transfected into tobacco plants, using TMV CP-TMGMV CP expression vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboul-Ata E Aboul-Ata
- Molecular Biology Laboratory II, Plant Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Antonella Vitti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Nuzzaci
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ahmad K El-Attar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory II, Plant Virus and Phytoplasma Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Allergology and Immunology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Tortorella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Allergology and Immunology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olof Olson
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra A Wright
- Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Pasquale Piazzolla
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
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17
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Feng ZG, Pang SF, Guo DJ, Yang YT, Liu B, Wang JW, Zheng KQ, Lin Y. Recombinant keratinocyte growth factor 1 in tobacco potentially promotes wound healing in diabetic rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:579632. [PMID: 24783215 PMCID: PMC3982250 DOI: 10.1155/2014/579632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor 1 (KGF1) is a growth factor that promotes epidermal cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and wound repair. It is expressed at low levels in a form of inclusion body in E. coli. In order to increase its expression and activity, we produced tobacco plants expressing KGF1 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using a potato virus X (PVX)-based vector (pgR107). The vector contained the sequence encoding the KGF1 gene fused with a green florescence protein. The recombinant plasmid was introduced into leaf cells of Nicotiana benthamiana (a wild Australian tobacco) via Agrobacterium-mediated agroinfiltration. As determined by fluorescence and Western blot of leaf extracts, the KGF1 gene was correctly translated into the tobacco plants. The recombinant KGF1 was purified from plant tissues by heparin affinity chromatography, and cell proliferation in NIH/3T3 cells was stimulated by the purified KGF1. The purified KGF1 was also applied to the wounds of type-II diabetic rats. KGF1 had accumulated to levels as high as 530 μ g/g fresh weight in the leaves of agroinfected plants. We show that plant-derived KGF1 can promote the proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells and have significant effects on the type-II diabetic rat. The present findings indicated that KGF1 from tobacco maintains its biological activity, implying prospective industrial production in a plant bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Feng
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Feng Pang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguang 523808, China
| | - Ding-Jiong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Ningbo 315300, China
| | - Yue-Tao Yang
- Traumatic Medicine Center, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 315300, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Traumatic Medicine Center, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 315300, China
| | - Ji-Wei Wang
- Traumatic Medicine Center, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui 315300, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zheng
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguang 523808, China
| | - Yi Lin
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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18
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Grasso S, Lico C, Imperatori F, Santi L. A plant derived multifunctional tool for nanobiotechnology based on Tomato bushy stunt virus. Transgenic Res 2013; 22:519-35. [PMID: 23108557 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Structure, size, physicochemical properties and production strategies make many plant viruses ideal protein based nanoscaffolds, nanocontainers and nano-building blocks expected to deliver a multitude of applications in different fields such as biomedicine, pharmaceutical chemistry, separation science, catalytic chemistry, crop pest control and biomaterials science. Functionalization of viral nanoparticles through modification by design of their external and internal surfaces is essential to fully exploit the potentiality of these objects. In the present paper we describe the development of a plant derived multifunctional tool for nanobiotechnology based on Tomato bushy stunt virus. We demonstrate the ability of this system to remarkably sustain genetic modifications and in vitro chemical derivatizations of its outer surface, which resulted in the successful display of large chimeric peptides fusions and small chemical molecules, respectively. Moreover, we have defined physicochemical conditions for viral swelling and reversible viral pore gating that we have successfully employed for foreign molecules loading and retention in the inner cavity of this plant virus nanoparticles system. Finally, a production and purification strategy from Nicotiana benthamiana plants has been addressed and optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Grasso
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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