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Desai H, Stewart CA, Finer Y. Minimally Invasive Therapies for the Management of Dental Caries—A Literature Review. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9120147. [PMID: 34940044 PMCID: PMC8700643 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, due to a better understanding of the caries pathology and advances in dental materials, the utilization of non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques that delay/obviate the need for traditional restorations has started gaining momentum. This literature review focuses on some of these approaches, including fluoride varnish, silver diamine fluoride, resin sealants, resin infiltration, chemomechanical caries removal and atraumatic restorative treatment, in the context of their chemistries, indications for use, clinical efficacy, factors determining efficacy and limitations. Additionally, we discuss strategies currently being explored to enhance the antimicrobial properties of these treatment modalities to expand the scope of their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal Desai
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (H.D.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cameron A. Stewart
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (H.D.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yoav Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (H.D.); (C.A.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Yu F, Yu H, Lin P, Dong Y, Zhang L, Sun X, Liu Z, Guo H, Huang L, Chen J. Effect of an Antibacterial Monomer on the Antibacterial Activity of a Pit-and-Fissure Sealant. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162281. [PMID: 27685314 PMCID: PMC5042487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin-based pit-and-fissure sealants are often used to form a barrier on the occlusal surface of molars to treat caries lesions; however, bacteria can remain in the pit and fissures without detection, increasing the risk of secondary caries. Sealants with antimicrobial properties or microbial repellent actions might be advantageous. The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of a 2-methacryloxylethyl dodecyl methyl ammonium bromide (MAE-DB)-incorporated sealant against Streptococcus mutans. MAE-DB (4% wt) was incorporated into a commercially available sealant, Eco-S resin-based pit-and-fissure sealant (Vericom Co., Ltd., Korea); a sealant without MAE-DB served as a negative control, and Clinpro™ Sealant (3M™ ESPE™), a fluoride-releasing resin, was used as a commercial control. The effects of the cured sealants and their eluents on the growth of S. mutans were determined according to colony-forming unit counts and metabolic tests. The effects of the cured sealants on the adherence and membrane integrity of S. mutans were investigated using confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) in conjunction with fluorescent indicators. Compared with the negative control and commercial control, the cured MAE-DB-incorporated pit-and-fissure sealant exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans (P < 0.05), whereas the eluents did not show any detectable antibacterial activity. The commercial control also showed no detectable bactericidal activity. Moreover, the aged experimental material retained its property of contact inhibition of biofilm formation. The fluorescence analysis of CLSM images demonstrated that the cured MAE-DB-incorporated sealant could hamper the adherence of S. mutans and exert a detrimental effect on bacterial membrane integrity. The incorporation of MAE-DB can render a pit-and-fissure sealant with contact antibacterial activity after polymerization via influencing the growth, adherence, and membrane integrity of S. mutans. Therefore, MAE-DB-containing pit-and-fissure sealant shows promise for preventing or controlling dental caries on occlusal pit and fissures of molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pingting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of VIP Dental Care, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhengya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huihui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JHC); (LH)
| | - Jihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (JHC); (LH)
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Antibacterial activity of a modified unfilled resin containing a novel polymerizable quaternary ammonium salt MAE-HB. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33858. [PMID: 27659279 PMCID: PMC5034341 DOI: 10.1038/srep33858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Resins with strong and long-lasting antibacterial properties are critical for the prevention of secondary dental caries. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effect and the underlying mechanism of action of an unfilled resin incorporating 2-methacryloxylethyl hexadecyl methyl ammonium bromide (MAE-HB) against Streptococcus mutans UA159 (S. mutans UA159). MAE-HB was added into unfilled resin at 10 mass%, and unfilled resin without MAE-HB served as the control. Bacterial growth was inhibited on 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin compared with the control at 1 d, 7 d, 30 d, or 180 d (P < 0.05). The growth inhibitory effect was independent of the incubation time (P > 0.05). No significant differences in the antibacterial activities of eluents from control versus 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resins were observed at any time point (P > 0.05). The number of bacteria attached to 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin was considerably lower than that to control. Fe-SEM and CLSM showed that 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin disturbed the integrity of bacterial cells. Expression of the bacterial glucosyltransferases, gtfB and gtfC, was lower on 10%-MAE-HB unfilled resin compared to that on control (P < 0.05). These data indicate that incorporation of MAE-HB confers unfilled resin with strong and long-lasting antibacterial effects against S. mutans.
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