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Croft JM, Patel KV, Inui T, Ruparell A, Staunton R, Holcombe LJ. Effectiveness of oral care interventions on malodour in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:164. [PMID: 35513817 PMCID: PMC9074277 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral malodour is identified by pet owners as an unpleasant inconvenience, but they may not recognise this likely indicates underlying disease. The primary cause of oral malodour relates to the presence of bacteria in the oral cavity often associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of feeding two oral care chews with different textural properties on oral malodour and the proportion of bacterial species involved in the production of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs). METHODS Fourteen dogs (9 Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen (PBGV) and 5 Beagle dogs) participated in the randomised cross-over study for a total of 14 weeks. The cohort was divided into four groups with each exposed to a different intervention per week: chew A, chew B, tooth brushing control or a no intervention control. An induced malodour method was used to assess VSCs in breath samples using a portable gas chromatograph (OralChroma™). Microbiological samples (supragingival plaque and tongue coating scrapes) were analysed for VSC-producing bacteria using Oral Hydrogen Sulfide agar with lead acetate. RESULTS VSCs were detected in the dogs' breath samples and levels of hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan were found to be reduced following an intervention. Chew B significantly reduced the levels of both hydrogen sulphide (p < 0.001) and methyl mercaptan (p < 0.05) compared to no intervention. Reductions in methyl mercaptan were also observed for chew A and tooth brushing but these were not statistically significant. When compared to no intervention, all interventions significantly reduced the total bacterial load and VSC producing bacterial load in plaque (p < 0.001). For tongue samples, only chew B significantly reduced the total bacterial load and VSC-producing bacterial load (p < 0.001) compared to no intervention. CONCLUSIONS By inducing oral malodour and subsequently applying the one-time interventions, significant reductions in the levels of VSCs were observed. The use of oral care chews texturally designed to deliver a deep, all-round cleaning action can be particularly effective at managing oral malodour in dogs, likely through an enhanced ability to remove bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Croft
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK.
| | - Krusha V Patel
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Taichi Inui
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Avika Ruparell
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Ruth Staunton
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Lucy J Holcombe
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
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Moon SG, Kothari D, Kim WL, Lee WD, Kim KI, Kim JI, Kim EJ, Kim SK. Feasibility of sodium long chain polyphosphate as a potential growth promoter in broilers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1286-1300. [PMID: 34957444 PMCID: PMC8672262 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of sodium long chain polyphosphate (SLCPP) and effect of dietary supplementation of SLCPP on growth performance, organ characteristics, blood metabolites, and intestinal microflora of broilers. Antimicrobial activities of SLCPP were observed against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica ser. Pullorum, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in agar well diffusion assay. In addition, SLCPP demonstrated good anti-biofilm activity against K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, to investigate the dietary effect of SLCPP, a total of 480 1-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to three dietary treatment groups (4 replicates per group, 40 birds in each replicate): an antibiotic-free corn-soybean meal basal diet (NC); basal diet + enramycin 0.01% (PC); and basal diet + 0.1% SLCPP (SPP). The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results showed that birds fed with SLCPP had higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the grower phase (days 7 to 21) (p < 0.05). Except for blood urea nitrogen, all other blood biochemical parameters remained unaffected by the dietary supplementation of SLCPP. Compared to the control group, lengths of the duodenum and ileum in the SPP group were significantly shorter (p < 0.05). Moreover, counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total aerobes, and Streptococcus spp. in jejunum as well as LAB in cecum were increased in the SPP group than in the PC group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dietary supplementation of SLCPP might promote the growth of broilers in their early growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gyu Moon
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Damini Kothari
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Woong-Lae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Woo-Do Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eun-Jip Kim
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Yonam
College, Cheonan 31005, Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Takeguchi A, Miyazawa K, Sato T, Tabuchi M, Muramatsu R, Maeda H, Togari A, Goto S. Effects of a β2-adrenergic receptor blocker on experimental periodontitis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2021; 277:119593. [PMID: 33979569 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies have reported a relationship between periodontal disease and hypertension, and previous evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the control of bone metabolism. This study sought to evaluate the effect of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) blocker butoxamine on experimental periodontitis in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats (n = 6 per group) were orally administered butoxamine 1 mg/kg/day and experimental periodontitis was induced by applying an orthodontic ligature wire. The rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks and the residual alveolar bone was measured using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging analysis software for histological analysis. KEY FINDINGS Micro-CT imaging analysis showed a higher ratio of residual alveolar bone, BV/TV, and Tb.N in both Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with butoxamine compared with the corresponding control rats. In histological analysis, compared with the Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rat control groups, the corresponding butoxamine-treated groups showed a lower ratio of attachment level, lower values of osteoclast number and surface. SIGNIFICANCE β2-AR blockers maintained the alveolar bone mass and attachment level by suppressing osteoclast activity. Thus, β2-AR blockers may be effective in preventing periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takeguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Takuma Sato
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan.
| | - Masako Tabuchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Ryujiro Muramatsu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
| | - Hatsuhiko Maeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemoridori, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8651, Japan
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Lee MJ, Kang MK. Analysis of the Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Antioxidant Activities of Cnidium officinale Extracts. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080988. [PMID: 32759809 PMCID: PMC7463517 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties of Cnidiumofficinale (CO) extracts to confirm their antimicrobial activity toward oral microorganisms. The control group contained 0 μg/mL of CO, and the experimental groups contained 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL of CO. To confirm the antibacterial activity of CO extracts against microorganisms in the oral cavity, an inhibition zone test, a colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis, an optical density (OD) evaluation, and a SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis were performed. A cytotoxicity test was also conducted to determine cell viability, and the contents of flavonoids and polyphenols were measured to analyze the extract components. In the control group, the growth inhibition zone increased, while the CFU and OD values decreased (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis confirmed that the number of microorganisms for both the microbes decreased. The cell viability was more than 80% in both the control and experimental groups, excluding the 200 μg/mL sample. The flavonoid and polyphenol contents in the experimental groups showed higher values than those of the control group. Therefore, the CO extract showed considerable antimicrobial activity toward both Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, suggesting that it may be used as a natural antimicrobial agent for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan 330704, Korea;
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Hanseo University, 46 Hanseo 1-ro, Haemi-myun, Seosan-si 31963, Korea
- Correspondence:
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