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Patton JT, Woyach JA. Targeting the B cell receptor signaling pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:100-108. [PMID: 38749798 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant signal transduction through the B cell receptor (BCR) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). BCR-dependent signaling is necessary for the growth and survival of neoplastic cells, making inhibition of down-stream pathways a logical therapeutic strategy. Indeed, selective inhibitors against Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) have been shown to induce high rates of response in CLL and other B cell lymphomas. In particular, the development of BTK inhibitors revolutionized the treatment approach to CLL, demonstrating long-term efficacy. While BTK inhibitors are widely used for multiple lines of treatment, PI3K inhibitors are much less commonly utilized, mainly due to toxicities. CLL remains an incurable disease and effective treatment options after relapse or development of TKI resistance are greatly needed. This review provides an overview of BCR signaling, a summary of the current therapeutic landscape, and a discussion of the ongoing trials targeting BCR-associated kinases.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Patton
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer A Woyach
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Su Q, Chen M, Shi Y, Zhang X, Huang G, Huang B, Liu D, Liu Z, Shi Y. Cryo-EM structure of the human IgM B cell receptor. Science 2022; 377:875-880. [PMID: 35981043 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The B cell receptor (BCR) initiates immune responses through antigen recognition. We report a 3.3-angstrom cryo-electron microscopy structure of human immunoglobulin M (IgM)-BCR in the resting state. IgM-BCR comprises two heavy chains, two light chains, and the Igα/Igβ heterodimer. The ectodomains of the heavy chains closely stack against those of Igα/Igβ, with one heavy chain locked between Igα and Igβ in the juxtamembrane region. Extracellular interactions may determine isotype specificity of the BCR. The transmembrane helices of IgM-BCR form a four-helix bundle that appears to be conserved among all BCR isotypes. This structure contains 14 glycosylation sites on the IgM-BCR ectodomains and reveals three potential surface binding sites. Our work reveals the organizational principles of the BCR and may facilitate the design of antibody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengying Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gaoxingyu Huang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bangdong Huang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongwei Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yigong Shi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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