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Wang H, Nie Y, Sun Z, He Y, Yang J. Serum amyloid P component: Structure, biological activity, and application in diagnosis and treatment of immune-associated diseases. Mol Immunol 2024; 172:1-8. [PMID: 38850776 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a member the innate immune humoral arm and participated in various processes, including the innate immune responses, tissue remodeling, and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Remarkably, SAP is a highly versatile immunomodulatory factor that can serve as a drug target for treating amyloid diseases and reduce inflammation, fibrosis degree, and respiratory disease. In this review, we focus on the biological activities of SAP and its application in different systemic immune-associated diseases. First, we reviewed the regulatory effects of SAP on innate immune cells and possible mechanisms. Second, we emphasized SAP as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for immune-associated diseases, including the neuropsychiatric disorders. Third, we presented several recommendations for regulating SAP in immune cell function and potential areas for future research. Some authorities consider SAP to be a pattern recognition molecule that plays multiple roles in the innate immune system and inflammation. Developing therapeutics that target SAP or its associated signaling pathways may be a promising strategy for treating immune-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yadan Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Ryou H, Sirinukunwattana K, Wood R, Aberdeen A, Rittscher J, Weinberg OK, Hasserjian R, Pozdnyakova O, Peale F, Higgins B, Lundberg P, Trunzer K, Harrison CN, Royston D. Quantitative analysis of bone marrow fibrosis highlights heterogeneity in myelofibrosis and augments histological assessment: An Insight from a phase II clinical study of zinpentraxin alfa. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e105. [PMID: 38884042 PMCID: PMC11176199 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hosuk Ryou
- Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Ruby Wood
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Jens Rittscher
- Ground Truth Labs, Ltd. Oxford UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Big Data Institute/Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Oxford UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Robert Hasserjian
- Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Frank Peale
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco California USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Royston
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NDCLS), Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
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3
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Verstovsek S, Talpaz M, Wadleigh M, Isidori A, Te Boekhorst P, Savona MR, Bose P, Pozdnyakova O, Mesa R, El-Galaly TC, O'Sullivan J, Gamel K, Higgins B, Katakam S, Todorov B, Trunzer K, Harrison CN. A randomized, double-blind study of zinpentraxin alfa in patients with myelofibrosis who were previously treated with or ineligible for ruxolitinib: stage 2 of a phase II trial. Haematologica 2024; 109:1977-1983. [PMID: 38268448 PMCID: PMC11141656 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Michigan Medicine - The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Alessandro Isidori
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Hospital, Pesaro, Italy
| | | | - Michael R Savona
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Olga Pozdnyakova
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ruben Mesa
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Tarec C El-Galaly
- Department of Haematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Rao GK, Santagostino SF, Wong L, Inoue A, Arjomandi A, Yadav R, Halpern WG. Repeat-dose and embryo-fetal developmental toxicity of zinpentraxin alfa. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108526. [PMID: 38141866 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Zinpentraxin alfa is a recombinant human pentraxin-2 (PTX-2) developed for the treatment of various fibrotic diseases with the hypothesis that supplementing endogenous PTX-2 levels through intravenous administration should increase its regulatory capacity in circulation and at the site of disease, thereby promoting healing and reducing fibrosis. Zinpentraxin alfa has been studied in various clinical trials, particularly in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where it has demonstrated efficacy in slowing decline in lung function in a phase 2 study. In the present investigation, we summarize findings from 14-day repeat-dose toxicity studies in rats and cynomolgus monkeys supporting early clinical development of zinpentraxin alfa. In addition, we also describe the findings from the embryo-fetal developmental (EFD) studies conducted in rats and rabbits, since the intended fibrosis patient population may include patients of childbearing potential. Zinpentraxin alfa was well tolerated by rats and monkeys in general toxicity studies with no treatment-related adverse effects, as well as by pregnant rats over the same dose range in a definitive EFD study. In contrast, substantial toxicity was observed in a rabbit dose-range-finder EFD study. Zinpentraxin alfa was poorly tolerated by pregnant rabbits and effects on the dams correlated with post-implantation fetal losses. The disparate effects of zinpentraxin alfa on embryo-fetal development between the two species suggests a potential unknown biological function of PTX-2 in pregnancy in the rabbit, which may be relevant to humans. Our findings warrant the consideration for highly effective contraceptive measures to avoid pregnancy in patients enrolled in clinical studies with zinpentraxin alfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham K Rao
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Sara F Santagostino
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lisa Wong
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ayumi Inoue
- SNBL, Ltd., Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | - Audrey Arjomandi
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rajbharan Yadav
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wendy G Halpern
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Calledda FR, Malara A, Balduini A. Inflammation and bone marrow fibrosis: novel immunotherapeutic targets. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:237-244. [PMID: 37548363 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myelofibrosis (MF) is primarily driven by constitutive activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer of activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. While JAK inhibitors have shown to alleviate disease symptoms, their disease-modifying effects in MF are limited. The only curative treatment remains allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which can be applied to a minority of patients. As a result, there is a need to explore novel targets in MF to facilitate appropriate drug development and therapeutic pathways. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has focused on identifying novel signals that contribute to the abnormal cross-talk between hematopoietic and stromal cells, which promotes MF and disease progression. Inflammation and immune dysregulation have emerged as key drivers of both the initiation and progression of MF. A growing number of actionable targets has been identified, including cytokines, transcription factors, signalling networks and cell surface-associated molecules. These targets exhibit dysfunctions in malignant and nonmalignant hematopoietic cells, but also in nonhematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. The study of these inflammation-related molecules, in preclinical models and MF patient's samples, is providing novel therapeutic targets. SUMMARY The identification of immunotherapeutic targets is expanding the therapeutic landscape of MF. This review provides a summary of the most recent advancements in the study of immunotherapeutic targets in MF.
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Yang X, Siradze K, Sperinde G, Arjomandi A, Fischer S. Evaluation of multiple immunoassay formats for detection of anti-drug antibodies to zinpentraxin alfa. J Immunol Methods 2023; 522:113573. [PMID: 37816404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinpentraxin alfa (rhPTX-2; PRM-151) is currently being developed for the treatment of fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and myelofibrosis. Notably, because it is administered chronically and has an endogenously expressed counterpart, clinical studies of zinpentraxin alpha must include immunogenicity assessments. Since the typical homogenous bridging ELISA assay does not adequately measure anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against zinpentraxin alfa, additional assay formats have been developed to evaluate immunogenicity of this therapeutic. Here, we present the evaluation of four distinct assay formats that were used to measure zinpentraxin alpha ADA: step-wise bridging, direct binding, total ADA, and the semi-homogeneous formats, based on multiple parameters including assay sensitivity, precision, and drug tolerance. This paper presents the full details of method development for each of the aforementioned assay formats including evaluation of sample pre-treatment, determination of cut point, and assessment of assay performance by analyzing a subset of clinical samples. Overall, the semi-homogenous ADA assay format with no sample pre-treatment was selected for the measurement of zinpentraxin alpha immunogenicity as it provided the desired sensitivity, drug tolerance, and reproducibility. Our study emphasizes the importance of assay format evaluation during drug development and the necessity to select the most suitable assay format and sample pre-treatment method by which to evaluate therapeutic drug immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yang
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Ketevan Siradze
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gizette Sperinde
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Audrey Arjomandi
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Saloumeh Fischer
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Hasselbalch HC, Junker P, Skov V, Kjær L, Knudsen TA, Larsen MK, Holmström MO, Andersen MH, Jensen C, Karsdal MA, Willumsen N. Revisiting Circulating Extracellular Matrix Fragments as Disease Markers in Myelofibrosis and Related Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4323. [PMID: 37686599 PMCID: PMC10486581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) arise due to acquired somatic driver mutations in stem cells and develop over 10-30 years from the earliest cancer stages (essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera) towards the advanced myelofibrosis stage with bone marrow failure. The JAK2V617F mutation is the most prevalent driver mutation. Chronic inflammation is considered to be a major pathogenetic player, both as a trigger of MPN development and as a driver of disease progression. Chronic inflammation in MPNs is characterized by persistent connective tissue remodeling, which leads to organ dysfunction and ultimately, organ failure, due to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Considering that MPNs are acquired clonal stem cell diseases developing in an inflammatory microenvironment in which the hematopoietic cell populations are progressively replaced by stromal proliferation-"a wound that never heals"-we herein aim to provide a comprehensive review of previous promising research in the field of circulating ECM fragments in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of MPNs. We address the rationales and highlight new perspectives for the use of circulating ECM protein fragments as biologically plausible, noninvasive disease markers in the management of MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Peter Junker
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Trine A. Knudsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Morten Kranker Larsen
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; (V.S.); (L.K.); (T.A.K.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Morten Orebo Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.O.H.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.O.H.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Christina Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (C.J.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
| | - Morten A. Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (C.J.); (M.A.K.); (N.W.)
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