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Xing B, Yang L, Gulinuer A, Li F, Wu S. Effect of Pupal Cold Storage on Reproductive Performance of Microplitis manilae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Larval Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050449. [PMID: 35621784 PMCID: PMC9146762 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Parasitoids are one of the most important biological control agents, and there are increasing requirements for long-term breeding. It is critical to figure out the parasitoid biological properties and disclose the effects of cold storage on them to extend their longevity. In this study, we investigated the field parasitism rate and clarified the biological parameters of Microplitis manilae, a dominant larval parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda. Further analysis revealed that the pupal cold storage, including different storage temperatures, storage period and storage time, significantly affected the emergence rate, parasitism rate and longevity of wasp adults, and the optimal storage condition was middle-aged pupae stored at 10 °C for 5–10 d. These results provide a novel insight into the mass-rearing of M. manilae and contribute to the biological control using M. manilae against S. frugiperda. Abstract As a major invasive pest in China, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has caused great damage to crops. Hymenopteran parasitoids, especially the braconid wasps, play crucial roles in depressing pest populations. However, there was little information about the ideal storage of parasitoids to achieve their mass-rearing. Here, we identified a dominant parasitoid of S. frugiperda, Microplitis manilae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in the Hainan province of China with a field parasitism rate of 5.66–19.10%. The investigation of biological parameters revealed that the parasitism rate of M. manilae significantly decreased with an increase in both wasp adult longevity and host age, and the wasp of 1–3 d post eclosion performed best on the first instar of host larvae, showing the highest parasitism rate. We also discovered that the decreased temperature from 30 to 20 °C greatly extended the longevity of wasp adults, and a similar result was observed after feeding on 10% sucrose water compared with sterile water. Then, the effects of different pupal cold storage temperatures (4 and 10 °C), storage period (prepupa, middle-aged pupa, late-aged pupa) and storage time (5, 10 or 20 d) on the emergence rate, parasitism rate, female proportion and longevity of M. manilae were investigated. The results demonstrated that the middle-aged wasp pupae stored at 10 °C for 5–10 d possessed a stronger parasitic ability and longer longevity. These findings may promote the flexibility and efficacy of large-scale production of M. manilae, thus contributing to its biological field control against S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Xing
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572024, China; (B.X.); or (L.Y.); (A.G.); (F.L.)
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572024, China; (B.X.); or (L.Y.); (A.G.); (F.L.)
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ahamaijiang Gulinuer
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572024, China; (B.X.); or (L.Y.); (A.G.); (F.L.)
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fen Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572024, China; (B.X.); or (L.Y.); (A.G.); (F.L.)
| | - Shaoying Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572024, China; (B.X.); or (L.Y.); (A.G.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Effect of Cold Storage on the Quality of Psyttalia incisi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Larval Parasitoid of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060558. [PMID: 34208423 PMCID: PMC8234199 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri) is the dominant parasitoid against Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in fruit-producing regions of southern China. Prior to a large-scale release, it is important to generate a sufficient stockpile of P. incisi whilst considering how best to maintain their quality and performance; cold storage is an ideal method to achieve these aims. In this study, the impacts of temperature and storage duration on the developmental parameters of P. incisi pupae at different age intervals were assessed. Then, four of the cold storage protocols were chosen for further evaluating their impacts on the quality parameters of post-storage adults. Results showed that the emergence rate of P. incisi was significantly affected by storage temperature, storage duration, and pupal age interval and their interactions. However, when late-age P. incisi pupae developed at a temperature of 13 °C for 10 or 15 d, no undesirable impacts on dry weight, flight ability, longevity, reproduction parameters of post-storage adults, emergence rate, or the female proportion of progeny were recorded. Our findings demonstrate that cold storage has the potential for enhancing the flexibility and effectiveness of the large-scale production and application of P. incisi.
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Abou El-Ela AS, Dessoky ES, Masry S, Arshad A, Munawar A, Qamer S, Abdelkhalek A, Behiry SI, Kordy A. Plasticity in life features, parasitism and super-parasitism behavior of Bracon hebetor, an important natural enemy of Galleria mellonella and other lepidopteran host species. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3351-3361. [PMID: 34121872 PMCID: PMC8176007 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The wasp, Bracon hebetor Say, is an important potential biocontrol agent of a wide range of lepidopteran insect species. The current study was subjected to compare these ectoparasitoid fitness traits on different host species belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Moreover, we determine the population dynamic with different host densities, sex ratio patterns, super-parasitism, longevity, paralysis success, and reproductive potential under laboratory conditions. Our results revealed that oviposition increased with an increase in host density, while the adult emergence and egg hatching were decreased due to the super-parasitism on host larvae. A higher male and female-biased population were observed when virgin and mated females offered fresh hosts. Adults' longevity was recorded more in females than males when kept only with bee honey + royal jelly + host larvae. The mean duration of egg-adult development was recorded higher on Galleria mellonella and lowest on Busseola fusca. The parasitization rate, super-parasitism, and cumulative fecundity of mated and virgin female wasps with different host species were observed higher on specific host Galleria mellonella while it was lower on Phthorimaea operculella. Furthermore, the parasitoids having mating experience preferred fresh, while the parasitoids' lack of mating experiences preferred paralyzed host under olfactometer test. Besides, this research has produced novel facts on the biology of parasitic wasp, B. hebetor that may guide the advancement of sustainable biological control programs to control lepidopteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S. Abou El-Ela
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310000, China
| | - Eldessoky S. Dessoky
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Masry
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Research and Development Division, ADAFSA, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aqsa Arshad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Munawar
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310000, China
| | - Samina Qamer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Abdelkhalek
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kordy
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
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Guijarro B, Casals C, Teixidó N, Larena I, Melgarejo P, De Cal A. Balance between resilient fruit surface microbial community and population of Monilinia spp. after biopesticide field applications of Penicillium frequentans. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108788. [PMID: 32711131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The microbial variability on the host plant surface must be maintained because population diversity and quantity are essential to avoid disease development. It would be necessary to examine the patterns and mechanisms associated with the massive and reiterative introduction of a microbial pest control agent. The effect of inundative releases of biopesticide formulations containing Penicillium frequentans for the control of Monilinia spp. populations, and the effect on fruit surface microbiota on 18 stone fruit field experiments located in four European countries for more than two crop seasons against brown rot were studied. P. frequentans was monitored after application in order to assess whether it was persistent or not in the environment. Hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were used to study the effects of P. frequentans on fungal and bacterial non-target populations on fruit surface. The effect of P. frequentans formulations on the populations of Monilinia spp. on fruit was also assessed in different orchards. P. frequentans population on stone fruit surfaces showed ranged from 100 to 10,000 CFU cm-2, and postharvest recovered populations were more than 10-100-fold higher than preharvest recovered populations. The population of P. frequentans varied among orchards and years, rather than by the type of formulation. P. frequentans formulation reduced Monilinia spp. population and brown rot and latent infections caused by this pathogen both before and at harvest, while stabilizing or increasing antagonist populations and avoiding non-target microorganisms. However, fungicides reduced significantly the microbial activity on nectarine surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Guijarro
- Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Casals
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnologic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnologic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Larena
- Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Melgarejo
- Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonieta De Cal
- Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Effects of cold storage on quality of Chrysopa pallens and recovery of fecundity by insulin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5311. [PMID: 30926916 PMCID: PMC6440995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The green lacewing, Chrysopa pallens Wesmael, is one of the most beneficial and prolific insects found in many horticultural and agricultural cropping system. Here, the effects of low temperature storage on quality of C. pallens were investigated by storing cocoons at 10 °C for different days. Results revealed, after removal from cold storage, emergence rate declined gradually as storage duration increased. After storage of 20 days, the emergence rate in cold-stored group is about 62.8% of that in unstored group. After eclosion, lifetime fecundity, preemergence period, oviposition period and longevity of adults in cold-stored group showed curves similar to emergence rate. However, preoviposition period and egg hatchability were not significantly affected by cold. After being stored for 20 days, the total fecundity of females emerging from cold-stored cocoons was about 64.5% of that of females emerging from unstored cocoons. Six days post emergence, females in cold-stored group showed apparent arrest of ovarian development and significant reductions of protease, lipase and trehalase activities when compared to unstored controls. When bovine insulin was exogenously used, the females emerging from cold-stored cocoons dramatically restored ovarian development and reproductive capacity. These results suggested that C. pallens pupae are suitable for cold storage and insulin hormone can be used as reproduction stimuli in this predatory species after cold storage.
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Muslim M, Ansari MS, Hasan F. Non-target toxicity of synthetic insecticides on the biological performance and population growth of Bracon hebetor Say. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1019-1031. [PMID: 29797170 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important biological control agent of various species of order Lepidoptera and extensively used in biological control program worldwide. Present study evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on B. hebetor using demographic and population growth parameters. Doses of all the tested insecticides were within a maximum range of their recommended field dosages and adults were treated using residual glass vials method. For control experiments adults were treated with distilled water. Among the tested insecticides, the survivorship of various stages of B. hebetor was considerably prolonged on cyantraniliprole followed by chlorantraniliprole and shortest on chlorpyrifos and profenofos treated group. Total immature development time was prolonged in chlorpyrifos and profenofos treated group. Population growth parameters like intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (Tc) were considerably reduced in B. hebetor groups treated with chlorpyrifos and profenofos. However, B. hebetor groups treated with chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole showed a little or no much difference in population growth parameters when compared with untreated group. It was also observed that chlorpyrifos and profenofos modified the sex ratio, thereby female emergence get reduced. On the basis of present findings it can be concluded that all tested insecticides caused considerable ecotoxic effects on B. hebetor compared to control. However, comparisons among the tested insecticides on the basis of IOBC criteria showed that chlorantraniliprol and cyntraniliprol was less toxic as compared to other insecticides tested on this biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Muslim
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Shafiq Ansari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Fazil Hasan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Yan Z, Yue JJ, Bai C, Peng ZQ, Zhang CH. Effects of cold storage on the biological characteristics of Microplitis prodeniae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:506-512. [PMID: 28220727 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoparasitoid Microplitis prodeniae Rao and Chandry is an important potential augmentative biological control agent for lepidopteran pests of vegetables and tobacco. However, cold storage of pupae is required to ensure that sufficient parasitoids are available when they are needed in the field. In this study, pupae were maintained at 0, 4 or 10°C for 5-50 days after which the adults were evaluated for emergence, pre-emergence period, sex ratio, female longevity, oviposition period, and fecundity. Cold storage did not affect the pre-emergence period or proportion of females; however, there was a significant reduction in emergence, female longevity, oviposition period, and fecundity with increased exposure to cold. The pre-emergence period was approximately 5 days, and approximately 50% of the emergent parasitoids were females. A cold storage regime of 10 days at 10°C had no effect on the parasitoids and adult emergence was greater than 50% even after 20 days at 10°C. There was no carryover of the cold treatment from parental to F1 and F2 generations. Thus, M. prodeniae can be stockpiled for field release by exposing the pupae to a cold regime and subsequently holding them for adult emergence at 28°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yan
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University,Haikou,China
| | - J J Yue
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University,Haikou,China
| | - C Bai
- Key Laboratory for Baleful Biology Detection and Monitor of Tropical Agriculture of Hainan Province,Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Haikou,China
| | - Z Q Peng
- Key Laboratory for Baleful Biology Detection and Monitor of Tropical Agriculture of Hainan Province,Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Haikou,China
| | - C H Zhang
- College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University,Haikou,China
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