Alnuaimy SL, Shamoon RP. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a cohort of adult acute leukemia patients: a single center experience.
Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2023;
34:28-32. [PMID:
36239573 DOI:
10.1097/mbc.0000000000001172]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to detect the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and find out its association with types of AL and patients' clinical and pathological parameters.
METHODS
In this prospective study, 59 newly diagnosed adults with AL were clinically examined and screened for DIC presentation time. Coagulation tests, including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, D-dimer, antithrombin, and protein C and protein S levels were all assessed. The International Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis scoring system was adopted to diagnose overt DIC.
RESULTS
The age of the studied patients ranged from 15 to 81 years with a median of 41 years; male to female ratio was 1.1:1. acute myeloid leukemia (AML) constituted 64.4% of the total cases (38 patients). DIC was detected in 28 patients (47.5%); its incidence was higher in AML than in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (52.6% vs. 38.1%). Overt DIC was significantly associated with bleeding manifestations, duration of symptoms, and leukocytosis ( P -values = 0.050, 0.044, and 0.003, respectively). Bleeding events were encountered in 50.8% of patients (25 AML and 5 ALL patients). Bleeding was associated significantly with leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and low fibrinogen level. Thrombosis was found in two patients (3.4%) at presentation.
CONCLUSIONS
Overt DIC was common in patients with AL at presentation, mostly in AML. Routine testing for coagulopathy in newly diagnosed AL patients will possibly aid in improving the overall patients' survival.
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