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Gewaily MS, El-Khyat F, Tahoon AE, Al-Rasheed M, Abdo SE, Gado A, Elmasry M, Ismail MM. Cytokines, Serological, and Histopathological Assessment of Recombinant Vaccination Strategies for Combatting Infectious Bursal Disease in Broiler Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:27. [PMID: 38250840 PMCID: PMC10818727 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) represents a greatly transmissible viral disease found worldwide, causing significant health and production challenges in young chickens. The aim of this research was to assess the immune reaction induced by different vaccines targeting IBD. These vaccines included recombinant (Vac1; HVT-IBD vector), immune complex (Vac2; Bursa-Plex®), and intermediate plus (Vac3; Bursine plus) IBD vaccines. Our assessment relied on serological and histopathological analyses, as well as the pattern of immune-related cytokine expression in the bursal tissue. The vaccinated groups, along with a control positive (CP) group, were subjected to a vvIBDV challenge on their 28th day of life, while the control negative (CN) group received a mock vaccination with PBS. Our study revealed that Vac1 resulted in the most favorable growth performance, as well as maintained normal liver and kidney function, mitigating the impact of IBDV infection. Serological analysis using VP2 ELISA kits indicated that Vac1 induced the strongest immunological response among all vaccines. Histopathological examination demonstrated that Vac1 caused minimal lymphoid depletion observed in the lymphoid organs, followed by Vac2. Analysis of cytokine expression profiles showed significant upregulation in all vaccinated groups, particularly Vac1, during the pre-challenge period. Following IBDV infection, Vac1 resulted in a noteworthy increase in the expression of IL2 and IFN-γ, Vac2 showed a significant upregulation in TNF-α and granzyme, and both Vac1 and Vac3 exhibited increased levels of IL1β and IL10. In conclusion, our study suggests that the various vaccines triggered immune responses against IBD through both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, recombinant followed by immune complex vaccines appeared to induce more robust immunity while also being safer for broiler chickens in contrast to the intermediate plus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S. Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Fares El-Khyat
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt (M.M.I.)
| | - Abd Elnaby Tahoon
- Animal Health Research Institute, Kafrelsheikh Branch, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al-Rasheed
- Department Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Avian Research Center, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safaa E. Abdo
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gado
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elmasry
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Animal Production Research Station, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Ismail
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt (M.M.I.)
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Wegner M, Kokoszyński D, Włodarczyk K. Effect of different vaccination programs on production parameters, carcass, leg bones, and digestive system characteristics of broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102668. [PMID: 37104902 PMCID: PMC10165131 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of two commercial vaccination programs using Prevexxion or Vaxxitek vaccines on production parameters, carcass weight and composition, and selected anatomical characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens. During the rearing period of broiler chickens, body weights were determined at 1, 10, 35, and 42 d of age, and feed intake and mortality of birds were recorded each day. On d 42 of the rearing period, 20 chickens were selected for dissection, 10 birds from each group. After slaughtering, the weight of the eviscerated carcass and the proportion of carcass elements, the lengths and diameters of individual intestinal segments, the weight of selected internal organs, and the dimensions of the femur and tibia were determined. The Prevexxion vaccination program had a positive significant effect on eviscerated carcass yield, dressing percentage, breast meat, wing and carcass remains content, as well as duodenum length, proventriculus content of slaughter weight and smallest breadth of the corpus of tibia bone. Broiler chickens treated with Prevexxion vaccines had higher European Production Index. The results indicate that Prevexxion vaccines have a more favorable effect on the production performance and slaughter characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens than with the use of Vaxxitek vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wegner
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-084, Poland
| | - D Kokoszyński
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-084, Poland.
| | - K Włodarczyk
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-084, Poland
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Abaza MA, Elboraay EM, Saad AE, Zayan KA. Assessment of the role of intracloacal inoculation of live infectious bursal disease vaccine in breaking through maternally derived antibodies. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:581-588. [PMID: 32674593 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1796925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) remains a potential worldwide threat to the poultry industry despite several vaccination approaches. Because maternally derived antibodies (MDA) constitute a critical problem for IBD vaccination, we examined the efficiency of the intracloacal vaccination approach in breaking through MDA. Experiment 1 determined the ability of the vaccinal strain to multiply in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) in chicks with a high level of MDA. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we quantified the strain in the bursae of vaccinated and non-vaccinated chicks. Experiment 2 was performed on three groups of chicks with high levels of MDA: group 1, non-vaccinated non-challenged; group 2, non-vaccinated challenged; and group 3, vaccinated challenged. Seroconversion to IBDV was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Groups 2 and 3 were challenged by vvIBDV at 25 days of age. Experiment 3 studied the effect of early IBD vaccinal strain multiplication on the immune response of vaccinated and non-vaccinated chicks to other vaccines. In experiment 1, the vaccinal strain showed progressive multiplication and reached the detectable titre in BF at 12 h post-vaccination despite high MDA titre. Experiment 2 showed that chicks in group 3 had significant seroconversion against IBDV. After challenge, group 3 showed significant improvements in several measured parameters compared with group 2. Moreover, results of experiment 3 proved that early multiplication of the vaccinal strain in the BF has no significant effect on the immune system or immune response to other vaccines. These results proved the promising success of this IBD vaccination approach.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS IBD vaccinal strain succeeded in multiplying in BF after intracloacal inoculation.Vaccinated chicks showed significant seroconversion of IBDV antibody titres.Vaccinated chicks showed a significant protection level against vvIBDV.Early IBD vaccination did not affect the immune response to other vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abaza
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kaliobyia, Egypt
| | - E M Elboraay
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kaliobyia, Egypt
| | - A E Saad
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kaliobyia, Egypt
| | - K A Zayan
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kaliobyia, Egypt
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Sedeik ME, El-Shall NA, Awad AM, Abd El-Hack ME, Alowaimer AN, Swelum AA. Comparative Evaluation of HVT-IBD Vector, Immune Complex, and Live IBD Vaccines against vvIBDV in Commercial Broiler Chickens with High Maternally Derived Antibodies. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E72. [PMID: 30813588 DOI: 10.3390/ani9030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vaccination is the main method to control infectious bursal disease (IBD) in commercial broilers worldwide. The main obstacle to the vaccination process is maternally derived antibodies; thus, new generations of vaccines such as vector and immune complex vaccines have been developed. The efficacies of new and classical vaccines were compared to those of vvIBDV in the presence of high levels of maternally derived antibodies. The best results were obtained when using the vector IBD vaccine followed by the immune-complex vaccine, and the use of killed along with the live intermediate vaccine in terms of mortality, feed conversion ratio, bursal and spleen index, bursal lesion score, and serology. Abstract Infectious bursal disease (IBD) causes increased mortality and severe immunosuppression in commercial chickens. Currently, vaccination mainly used to control IBD. In this study, Group A (n = 30) received the HVT-IBD vector vaccine (Vaxxitek®) s/c and Group B (n = 30) received the immune complex vaccine (Bursa-Plex®) s/c at 1 day of age. Group C (n = 30) received a single dose of intermediate plus vaccine (228E) through the eye-drop route at 14 days of age. Group D (n = 30) was vaccinated twice with the intermediate vaccine (D78) at 12 and 22 days of age by eye-drop. Group E (n = 30) had the same treatment as group D along with the IBD killed vaccine (Nobilis G®) at 5 days of age. The PC (n = 20) and NC (n = 20) groups were non IBD vaccinated birds either challenged or not with vvIBDV, respectively; 20 chicks from each group were challenged with vvIBDV at 4 weeks of age. Based on clinical signs, postmortem gross lesions, histopathological changes, mortality rate, feed conversion rate, serology, bursal and spleen indices, the HVT-IBD vector vaccine administered was found to be safer and provided better protection against the vvIBDV challenge. The use of a killed IBD vaccine at an earlier age in broilers strengthened the protection induced by double doses of intermediate vaccines in broilers with high maternally derived antibodies against the vvIBDV challenge.
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Gelb J, Jackwood DJ, Brannick EM, Ladman BS. Efficacy of Recombinant HVT-IBD Vaccines Administered to Broiler Chicks from a Single Breeder Flock at 30 and 60 Weeks of Age. Avian Dis 2017; 60:603-12. [PMID: 27610719 DOI: 10.1637/11344-120815-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of commercially available recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys-infectious bursal disease (rHVT-IBD) virus vaccines was studied in broiler chickens derived from an IBDV-vaccinated breeder flock at 30 wk of age (Trial 1) and 60 wk of age (Trial 2). In parallel, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn chickens were used to evaluate vaccine efficacy to control for the effects of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) associated with the broiler chickens. Broilers and SPF leghorns were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck at 1 day of age with Vaxxitek® HVT+IBD or Vectormune® HVT-IBD vaccines and were placed in isolators. On 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 days postvaccination (DPV), vaccinated and nonvaccinated broilers and SPF leghorns were bled prior to challenge via the oral-nasal route with infectious bursal disease (IBD) reference strains ST-C, Delaware variant E (Del E), or contemporary field isolates DMV/5038/07 or FF6. Microscopic lesion assessment of the bursa was useful for assessing IBDV challenge in both rHVT-IBD-vaccinated broiler and SPF leghorn chickens. In general, rHVT-IBD vaccines induced greater protection as the time between vaccination and challenge increased. Based on incidence of microscopic lesions (IML) of bursa tissue, Vaxxitek HVT+IBD vaccination of SPF leghorns induced protection by 18 DPV and continued to protect 22 DPV and 26 DPV in Trials 1 and 2. Vectormune HVT-IBD vaccine induced protection of SPF leghorns by 18 or 22 DPV in Trial 1, depending upon the IBDV challenge strain. However, the onset of protection was delayed until 22 or 26 DPV in Trial 2. With either commercial vaccine, rHVT-IBD vaccination of broiler chickens was not as effective as was observed in SPF leghorns, based on IML of bursa tissue. However, Vaxxitek HVT+IBD vaccination protected broilers following challenge with ST-C in both Trial 1 (30-wk-old breeder progeny) and Trial 2 (60-wk-old breeder progeny). Partial protection against FF6 (Trial 1) and DMV/5038/07 (Trial 2) challenges was observed. Vectormune HVT-IBD vaccination protected broilers vs. FF6 challenge in Trial 1. In Trial 2, the vaccine did not offer protection on the basis of IML of bursa tissue. The results indicate that 1) bursa/body weight ratios were not consistently useful as a tool for assessing IBDV challenge in broiler chickens with anti-IBDV MDA compared to assessment by IML of bursa tissue, though were useful for assessing protection in SPF leghorns; and 2) both vaccines may offer some protection to older broilers; however, a window of susceptibility exists between the waning of MDA and the development of vaccine-induced antibodies. The SPF studies showed that some vaccinated chickens were not protected from an IBDV challenge earlier than 14 DPV while broiler studies showed that MDA was not fully protective beyond 10 DPV. Because these vaccines did not protect chickens from an IBDV challenge during this window of susceptibility, our data show that breeder vaccination programs for IBDV must aim to maximize anti-IBDV MDA in progeny to protect against early IBDV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Gelb
- A Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Avian Biosciences Center, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2150
| | - Daral J Jackwood
- B Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Erin M Brannick
- A Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Avian Biosciences Center, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2150
| | - Brian S Ladman
- A Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Avian Biosciences Center, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2150
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