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Morales-López SE, Garcia-Effron G. Infections due to Rare Cryptococcus Species. A Literature Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040279. [PMID: 33917243 PMCID: PMC8067992 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections due to rare Cryptococcus species (other than C. neoformans species complex, C. gattii species complex, C. albidus or C. laurentii) are barely reported. The aim of this work is to present a comprehensive literature review of all the papers describing infections due to these species referenced in the main databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar). Clinical and epidemiological data together with laboratory findings (identification and antifungal susceptibility) of each isolate were analyzed. Fifty-eight cryptococosis due to rare species were described in 46 papers between 1934-2018. These reports included 16 rare Cryptococcus spp. that were generally associated with nervous system infections and fungemias. Some species are non-capsulated and are not able to grow at 37 °C. Few species were identified by commercially available methods, making internal transcriber spacer (ITS) and D1/D2 regions sequencing mandatory. The most potent antifungal was amphotericin B (although some species showed high MIC values). The studied strains showed high MICs values to 5-fluorocytosine (all >64 µg/mL), echinocandins (all >8 µg/mL), and fluconazole (>80% of the MICs >4 µg/mL). Due to the scarcity of the data and the absence of guidelines for the treatment of these infections, this review could be informative and could help in the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya E. Morales-López
- Grupo CINBIOS, Programa de Microbiología, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200002, Colombia;
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Effron
- Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
- Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-0342-4575209
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Sena Corrales G, Perez Medina MI, Costo Muriel C, Reguera Iglesias JM. Cryptococcus neoformans peritonitis in the cirrhotic patient. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2018; 36:456-457. [PMID: 29183801 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sena Corrales
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (FIMABIS), Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Regional de Málaga Carlos Haya, Málaga, España.
| | | | - Clara Costo Muriel
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional de Málaga Carlos Haya, Málaga, España
| | - Jose María Reguera Iglesias
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (FIMABIS), Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Regional de Málaga Carlos Haya, Málaga, España
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Hong N, Chen M, Fang W, Al-Hatmi AMS, Boekhout T, Xu J, Zhang L, Liu J, Pan W, Liao W. Cryptococcosis in HIV-negative Patients with Renal Dialysis: A Retrospective Analysis of Pooled Cases. Mycopathologia 2017; 182:887-896. [PMID: 28667348 PMCID: PMC5587633 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a lethal fungal infection mainly caused by Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species. Currently, our understanding of cryptococcosis episodes in HIV-negative patients during renal dialysis remains scarce and fragmented. Here, we performed an analysis of pooled cases to systemically summarize the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of cryptococcosis among HIV-negative patients with renal dialysis. Using pooled data from our hospital and studies identified in four medical databases, 18 cases were identified and analyzed. The median duration time of renal dialysis for peritoneal renal dialysis and hemodialysis cases was 8 months and 36 months, respectively. Several non-neoformans/gattii species were identified among the renal dialysis recipients with cryptococcosis, particularly Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus albidus, which share similar clinical manifestations as those caused by C. neoformans and C. gattii. Our analyses suggest that physicians should consider the possibility of the occurrence of cryptococcosis among renal dialysis recipients even when cryptococcal antigen test result is negative. The timely removal of the catheter is crucial for peritoneal dialysis patients with cryptococcosis. In addition, there is a need for optimized antifungal treatment strategy in renal dialysis recipients with cryptococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health, Ibri Hospital, Ibri, Oman
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Hadano Y, Yoshii H, Hayashi M, Oono H, Tanaka R. A rare case report of central line-associated bloodstream infection caused by Cryptococcus arboriformis. Intern Med 2015; 54:1141-3. [PMID: 25948365 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus arboriformis (C. arboriformis) is a novel Cryptococcus species belonging to the genus Trichosporonales. This novel species was identified definitively in 2007 using D1/D2 26S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing. In this article, we present a rare case of central line-associated bloodstream infection caused by C. arboriformis with successful treatment of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Hadano
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 2) Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand
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