Association between previous abortion history and risk of autism spectrum disorders among offspring: a meta-analysis

Multimodal Physiotherapy Approach for Autism With Speech Impairment and Attention Deficit: A Case Report

Autism is a disorder distinguished by significant challenges in social interaction and communication coupled with repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behavior and activities. Deficits in social interaction and language development become apparent before age three. In children, this condition is referred to as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD may struggle with sustaining attention, organizing tasks, and completing assignments. They may exhibit hyperactive behaviors such as fidgeting, difficulty staying seated, and impulsive actions like interrupting others. ADHD can significantly impact daily functioning and is often diagnosed in childhood, with symptoms potentially persisting into adulthood. The disorder has three main subtypes: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined presentation. Treatment typically involves a combination of behavioral interventions, psychoeducation, and, in some cases, medication, aiming to provide support and strategies for individuals to manage their symptoms effectively in various aspects of life. Cognitive impairment in ASD varies, meaning it could be at the sensory perception level of cognitive processing, learning, and memory. The goal of the training intervention was to control physiological arousal, enhance awareness, keep annoyance from getting worse, and encourage self-regulation abilities. In this case report, we discuss the approach of multimodal physiotherapy for autism with speech impairment and attention deficit. Furthermore, physiotherapy needs to find a position in the new mental health care paradigm in order to contribute to mental health care.

The Association between Threatened Abortion and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders among Children: A Meta-Analysis

Background

The current study is aimed at updating the observational studies on the relationship between threatened abortion and the risk of ASD.

Methods

The search keywords were covered in three electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 2022. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was applied to detect the quality of epidemiological studies. We used the chi-square test and the I ² statistic to show the heterogeneity among articles. I ² more than 50% was considered high heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's line regression tests were used for evaluating the publication bias. The random-effects model was applied for the analysis of the findings. The Stata 13.0 software package was applied for analysis and indicated p value less than 0.05 as a significant level.

Results

The pooled analysis reported significant differences between threatened abortion and the risk of ASD in adjusted studies (OR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.73; I ² = 59.5.0%) and in crude studies (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.88; I ² = 39.5%). The evidence of publication bias was not found.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that threatened abortion is a risk factor for ASD. As a result, screening tools to detect are necessary in mothers facing a threatened abortion.