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Yi S, Li M, Yang Q, Zhang X, Chen F, Qin Z, Yi S, Huang L, Wei H, Zhang Q, Luo J. Novel SLC12A1 Mutations cause Bartter Syndrome in Two Patients with Different Prognoses. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:120-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Han Y, Zhao X, Wang S, Wang C, Tian D, Lang Y, Bottillo I, Wang X, Shao L. Eleven novel SLC12A1 variants and an exonic mutation cause exon skipping in Bartter syndrome type I. Endocrine 2019; 64:708-718. [PMID: 30790175 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bartter syndrome type I (BS1) has been rarely reported in large groups. On the other hand, the phenomenon of exon skipping, in which exonic mutations result in abnormal splicing, has been reported to be associated with various diseases. Specifically, mutations that result in the disruption of exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) and/or the creation of exonic splicing silencers (ESSs) can promote exon skipping. However, the aberrant exon skipping caused by an exonic variant in such splicing regulatory elements (SREs) sequences has never been reported in the causal gene of SLC12A1 in BS1. METHODS We analyze the variants in nine Chinese families with BS1, including eight with antenatal BS (aBS) and one presenting as classical BS (cBS), by next-generation sequencing. Then we used bioinformatics programs to analyze all these variants found in this study and identify candidate mutations that may induce exon skipping. Furthermore, the effects of identified variants were classified according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standards and guidelines. RESULTS Fifteen different variants of SLC12A1 gene were identified, including 11 novel ones. Two of the nine probands were homozygotes, the rest seven ones were compound heterozygotes. One candidate variant (c.1435C>G), not only significantly reduced ESEs scores but also markedly increased ESSs scores, were further investigated by mini-gene splicing assay, and found this single-nucleotide substitution causes abnormal splicing in vitro (exclusion of exon 11). Finally, among 15 variants, 9, 3, and 3 were classified as "pathogenic variants", "likely pathogenic variants", "variants with uncertain significance", respectively. CONCLUSION These data would enrich the human gene mutation database (HGMD) and would provide valuable references to the genetic counseling and diagnosis of BS1 for Chinese population. Additionally, our results suggest that aberrant exon skipping is one previously unrecognized mechanism by which an exonic variant in SLC12A1 can lead to BS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, 266071, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhong Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, 266071, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, 266071, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Tian
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Lang
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Irene Bottillo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| | - Leping Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, 266071, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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Wongsaengsak S, Vidmar AP, Addala A, Kamil ES, Sequeira P, Fass B, Pitukcheewanont P. A novel SLC12A1 gene mutation associated with hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and nephrocalcinosis in four patients. Bone 2017; 97:121-125. [PMID: 28095294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Solute Carrier Family 12 member 1 (SLC12A1) gene encodes the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter (NKCC2) at the apical membrane of the thick ascending loop of Henle (TAL). Bartter's syndrome (BS) type I is a rare, autosomal recessive, renal tubular disorder associated with mutation of the SLC12A1 gene. Presenting features include: hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. The many allelic variants reported present with a spectrum of phenotypes, biochemical abnormalities and clinical severities. However, to date, only two reports have described hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia in patients with SLC12A1 gene mutations. We describe 4 patients with 4 novel mutation variants in the SLC12A1 gene (c.735C>G, c.1137del, c.2498-2499del, and c.1833delT) presenting with variable degrees of hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, nephrocalcinosis, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The link between calcium and parathyroid hormone abnormalities in patients with SLC12A1 mutations is unclear; the cases described suggest an association between primary hyperparathyroidism and loss of function mutation of SLC12A1, which may result in an aberrant threshold of the calcium sensing receptor at the level of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariya Wongsaengsak
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alaina P Vidmar
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ananta Addala
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Los Angeles County and University Medical Center University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Elaine S Kamil
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paola Sequeira
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Los Angeles County and University Medical Center University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Fass
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pisit Pitukcheewanont
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Sun M, Ning J, Xu W, Zhang H, Zhao K, Li W, Li G, Li S. Genetic heterogeneity in patients with Bartter syndrome type 1. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:581-590. [PMID: 28000888 PMCID: PMC5364841 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartter syndrome (BS) type 1 is an autosomal recessive kidney disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the solute carrier family 12 member 1 (SLC12A1) gene. To date, 72 BS type 1 patients harboring SLC12A1 mutations have been documented. Of these 144 alleles studied, 68 different disease-causing mutations have been detected in 129 alleles, and no mutation was detected in the remaining 15 alleles. The mutation types included missense/nonsense mutations, splicing mutations and small insertions and deletions ranging from 1 to 4 nucleotides. A large deletion encompassing a whole exon in the SLC12A1 gene has not yet been reported. The current study initially identified an undocumented homozygous frameshift mutation (c.1833delT) by Sanger sequencing analysis of a single infant with BS type 1. However, in a subsequent analysis, the mutation was detected only in the father's DNA. Upon further investigation using a next-generation sequencing approach, a deletion in exons 14 and 15 in both the patient and patient's mother was detected. The deletion was subsequently confirmed by use of a long-range polymerase chain reaction and was determined to be 3.16 kb in size based on sequencing of the junction fragment. The results of the present study demonstrated that pathogenic variants of SLC12A1 are heterogeneous. Large deletions appear to serve an etiological role in BS type 1, and may be more prevalent than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingran Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73117, USA
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73117, USA
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73117, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73117, USA
| | - Kaishu Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73117, USA
| | - Wenfu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73117, USA
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK 73117, USA
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Vukićević T, Schulz M, Faust D, Klussmann E. The Trafficking of the Water Channel Aquaporin-2 in Renal Principal Cells-a Potential Target for Pharmacological Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:23. [PMID: 26903868 PMCID: PMC4749865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the redistribution of water channels, aquaporin-2 (AQP2) from intracellular vesicles into the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells. By this AVP directs 10% of the water reabsorption from the 170 L of primary urine that the human kidneys produce each day. This review discusses molecular mechanisms underlying the AVP-induced redistribution of AQP2; in particular, it provides an overview over the proteins participating in the control of its localization. Defects preventing the insertion of AQP2 into the plasma membrane cause diabetes insipidus. The disease can be acquired or inherited, and is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. Vice versa, up-regulation of the system causing a predominant localization of AQP2 in the plasma membrane leads to excessive water retention and hyponatremia as in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), late stage heart failure or liver cirrhosis. This article briefly summarizes the currently available pharmacotherapies for the treatment of such water balance disorders, and discusses the value of newly identified mechanisms controlling AQP2 for developing novel pharmacological strategies. Innovative concepts for the therapy of water balance disorders are required as there is a medical need due to the lack of causal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vukićević
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Schulz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Dörte Faust
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular ResearchBerlin, Germany
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