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Koh HB, Kim HW, Joo YS, Jung CY, Kim HJ, Chang TI, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Han SH. Plasma Levels of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Adverse Kidney Outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis 2024:S0272-6386(24)00622-X. [PMID: 38423161 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Many studies have reported polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as significant predictors of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the relationship between PUFA levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study explored this relationship among individuals with and without CKD. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 73,419 participants without CKD (cohort 1) and 6,735 participants with CKD (cohort 2) in the UK Biobank Study, with PUFA levels measured between 2007 and 2010. EXPOSURE Percentage of plasma PUFA, omega-3 fatty acid (FA), omega-6 FA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linoleic acid relative to total FA. OUTCOME Incident CKD for cohort 1 and incident kidney failure requiring replacement therapy (KFRT) for cohort 2. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, including a cause-specific competing risk model. RESULTS In cohort 1, individuals with higher quartiles of plasma PUFA levels had healthier lifestyles and fewer comorbidities. During 841,007 person-years of follow-up (median 11.9 years), incident CKD occurred in 4.5% of participants (incidence rate, 39.1 per 10,000 person-years). For incident CKD in cohort 1, the adjusted cause-specific hazard ratios for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.75-0.92), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76-0.96), 0.71 (95% CI, 0.62-0.82), respectively, compared with quartile 1. This inverse relationship was consistently observed for all PUFA types. In cohort 2, although total PUFA levels were not associated with KFRT, higher PUFA subtype levels of DHA were associated with a lower risk of KFRT. LIMITATIONS Observational design and limited generalizability to individuals with higher disease severity; no data on eicosapentaenoic acid. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals without CKD, higher plasma PUFA levels and all 4 PUFA components were associated with a lower risk of incident CKD. In individuals with CKD, only the omega-3 component of PUFA, DHA, was associated with a lower risk of KFRT. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY Low amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the blood are suspected of increasing the chances of heart disease, but it is not known whether the PUFA relates to kidney disease occurrence. In a large group without kidney disease in the United Kingdom, people with higher levels of PUFA in their blood tended to have a lower risk of developing kidney disease compared to those with lower PUFA levels. This relationship was consistently observed for all PUFA types. However, in the group with kidney disease, only higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid, a subtype of PUFAs, were associated with a lower risk of developing severe kidney problems that required kidney replacement therapy. These findings suggest that higher levels of PUFA, found in certain healthy fats, might protect against the development of kidney disease in the general population. As kidney function declines, only the docosahexaenoic acid, a subtype of PUFA, appears to be associated with preserved kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Byung Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International Saint Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Su Joo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Chan-Young Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center and College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Ik Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Xu D, Yuan L, Che M, Liu W, Li X, Yang Y, Wang K, Nan Y. The molecular mechanism of "Dahuang-Shengjiang-Banxia decoction" in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease was verified based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24776. [PMID: 38312712 PMCID: PMC10835317 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Explore the molecular mechanism of Dahuang-Shengjiang-Banxia Decoction (DSBD) in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Method The effective ingredients and targets of the DSBD were taken from the TCMSP database, while the disease targets were obtained via GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, TTD, and DisGeNET. Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to create a drug-ingredient-target network diagram. STRING databases are also used to analyze the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network of intersecting targets. The core targets was obtained by the intersection of the differential genes screened from the intersection target and GEO, and the core targets was enriched by Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto gene and genome (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). CIBERSORTx was used for immunoinfiltration analysis, and then the core targets was analyzed by Nephroseq V5 and KIT for clinical correlation analysis and single-cell sequencing. Lastly, AutoDock Vina was used for molecular docking of both the core targets and the top active elements. Results A total of 177 DSBD and 2906 DKD targets were screened. Six core targets were identified by screening, which were IL1B, MMP9, EGF, VEGFA, HIF1A, and PTGS2. The top 6 active ingredients are 6-gingerol, baicalin, oleic acid, β-sitosterol, linolenic acid, and aloe emodin. The core targets has good docking activity with the active ingredient. Conclusion DSBD may exert its therapeutic effect on DKD through multicomponent, multipath, and multi-target analyses. It is possible that VEGFA is a key target in therapy, and that the VEGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a key role in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duojie Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Mengying Che
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
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Munteanu C, Mihai M, Dulf F, Ona A, Muntean L, Ranga F, Urdă C, Pop D, Mihaiescu T, Mârza SM, Papuc I. Biochemical Changes Induced by the Administration of Cannabis sativa Seeds in Diabetic Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:2944. [PMID: 37447270 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present pilot study investigates the blood biochemical changes induced by hemp seeds in rats with diabetes. The composition of industrial hemp seeds, antioxidant activity, identification and quantification of phenols and fatty acids from hemp oil were determined. The Wistar adult rats used in the experiment were divided into three groups (n = 6) and kept under standard conditions. Group one, the control group (individuals without diabetes), and group two (diabetic individuals) received water and normal food ad libitum, while the third group, also including diabetic individuals, received specific food (hemp seeds) and water ad libitum. Subsequent blood biochemical parameters were determined. Hemp seeds had higher phenol (14 compounds), flavonoids and PUFA contents compared to other plants seeds. In addition, the antioxidant activity in Cannabis sativa was also increased. Moreover, the ratio between n-6 and n-3 was 4.41, ideal for different diseases. Additionally, all biochemical parameters showed significant changes following the treatment. It was shown that high doses of hemp seeds decreased diabetes-induced biochemical damage in rats most probably due to the high content of active compounds. In order to use these seeds in humans, it is essential to find out which hemp compounds are particularly responsible for these effects. Moreover, for the objective investigation of their effects, longer-term studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mihai
- Department of Transversal Competencies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Francisc Dulf
- Department of Environmental and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Ona
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Leon Muntean
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Camelia Urdă
- Agricultural Research Development Station Turda, 27 Agriculturii Street, 401100 Turda, Romania
| | - Daria Pop
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology II "Dominic Stanca", University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hațieganu" Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeș 8, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tania Mihaiescu
- Department of Environmental and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorin Marian Mârza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionel Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Comparison of Local Metabolic Changes in Diabetic Rodent Kidneys Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030324. [PMID: 36984764 PMCID: PMC10060001 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the renal region-specific metabolic alteration in different animal models of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is critical for uncovering the underlying mechanisms and for developing effective treatments. In the present study, spatially resolved metabolomics based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) was used to compare the local metabolic changes in the kidneys of HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice. As a result, a total of 67 and 59 discriminating metabolites were identified and visualized in the kidneys of the HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice, respectively. The result showed that there were significant region-specific changes in the glycolysis, TCA cycle, lipid metabolism, carnitine metabolism, choline metabolism, and purine metabolism in both DN models. However, the regional levels of the ten metabolites, including glucose, AMP, eicosenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, Phosphatidylserine (36:1), Phosphatidylserine (36:4), Phosphatidylethanolamine (34:1), Phosphatidylethanolamine (36:4), Phosphatidylcholine (34:2), Phosphatidylinositol (38:5) were changed in reversed directions, indicating significant differences in the local metabolic phenotypes of these two commonly used DN animal models. This study provides comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the differences in the tissue and molecular pathological features in diabetic kidney injury in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice.
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Südfeld C, Kiyani A, Wefelmeier K, Wijffels RH, Barbosa MJ, D’Adamo S. Expression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase increases non-polar lipid accumulation in Nannochloropsis oceanica. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:12. [PMID: 36647076 PMCID: PMC9844033 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered a suitable production platform for high-value lipids and oleochemicals. Several species including Nannochloropsis oceanica produce large amounts of essential [Formula: see text]-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which are integral components of food and feed and have been associated with health-promoting effects. N. oceanica can further accumulate high contents of non-polar lipids with chemical properties that render them a potential replacement for plant oils such as palm oil. However, biomass and lipid productivities obtained with microalgae need to be improved to reach commercial feasibility. Genetic engineering can improve biomass and lipid productivities, for instance by increasing carbon flux to lipids. Here, we report the overexpression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) in N. oceanica during favorable growth conditions as a strategy to increase non-polar lipid content. Transformants overproducing either an endogenous (NoGPAT) or a heterologous (Acutodesmus obliquus GPAT) GPAT enzyme targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum had up to 42% and 51% increased non-polar lipid contents, respectively, compared to the wild type. Biomass productivities of transformant strains were not substantially impaired, resulting in lipid productivities that were increased by up to 37% and 42% for NoGPAT and AoGPAT transformants, respectively. When exposed to nutrient stress, transformants and wild type had similar lipid contents, suggesting that GPAT enzyme exerts strong flux control on lipid synthesis in N. oceanica under favorable growth conditions. NoGPAT transformants further accumulated PUFAs in non-polar lipids, reaching a total of 6.8% PUFAs per biomass, an increase of 24% relative to the wild type. Overall, our results indicate that GPAT is an interesting target for engineering of lipid metabolism in microalgae, in order to improve non-polar lipid and PUFAs accumulation in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Südfeld
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Aamna Kiyani
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands ,grid.412621.20000 0001 2215 1297Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Katrin Wefelmeier
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - René H. Wijffels
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands ,grid.465487.cFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, N-8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Maria J. Barbosa
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah D’Adamo
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University, Bioprocess Engineering, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
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Wang Z, Zhan J, Gao H. Computer-aided drug design combined network pharmacology to explore anti-SARS-CoV-2 or anti-inflammatory targets and mechanisms of Qingfei Paidu Decoction for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015271. [PMID: 36618410 PMCID: PMC9816407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by an intense inflammatory process that may ultimately lead to organ failure and patient death. Qingfei Paidu Decoction (QFPD), a traditional Chines e medicine (TCM) formula, is widely used in China as anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory. However, the potential targets and mechanisms for QFPD to exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 or anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear. Methods In this study, Computer-Aided Drug Design was performed to identify the antiviral or anti-inflammatory components in QFPD and their targets using Discovery Studio 2020 software. We then investigated the mechanisms associated with QFPD for treating COVID-19 with the help of multiple network pharmacology approaches. Results and discussion By overlapping the targets of QFPD and COVID-19, we discovered 8 common targets (RBP4, IL1RN, TTR, FYN, SFTPD, TP53, SRPK1, and AKT1) of 62 active components in QFPD. These may represent potential targets for QFPD to exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 or anti-inflammatory effects. The result showed that QFPD might have therapeutic effects on COVID-19 by regulating viral infection, immune and inflammation-related pathways. Our work will promote the development of new drugs for COVID-19.
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Engineering and fermenter production of fungi GLA in Pichia pastoris GS115 using oil waste. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:635. [PMID: 36127512 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an essential n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that has received considerable attention in human and animal feed. GLA is used in many nutritional and medicinal applications, such as the treatment of cancer, inflammatory disorders, and diabetes. Currently, plant seed is the primary dietary source of GLA that is not enough to utilize on an industrial scale. To generate a sustainable novel source of GLA, the gene of delta-6 desaturase, one of the essential enzymes in the GLA production pathway, was isolated from Mucor rouxii DSM1194 and expressed in P. pastoris GS115 by pPICZC vector. The recombinant yeast expressed the GLA up to 19.2% (72 mg/g) of total fatty acids. GLA production of recombinant yeast was studied in a fermenter by oil waste for 5 days, and results detected 6.3 g/l lipid, and 103 mg/g GLA was produced in 72 h. The present study may provide an opportunity to develop an alternative host for manufacturing GLA on an industrial scale.
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Yang W, Wang X, Wu C, Song Y. Improved γ-Linolenic Acid Production from Cellulose in Mucor circinelloides via Coexpression of Cellobiohydrolase and Delta-6 Desaturase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4373-4381. [PMID: 35357816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at facilitating the production of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) from the cellulosic substrate with the engineered oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides WJ11. Here, the homologous recombination technology was used to overexpress the cellobiohydrolase (CBH2) derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum and the original delta-6 fatty acid desaturase (D6) in M. circinelloides to construct genetically engineered strains capable of effectively using cellulose to enhance GLA synthesis. When cultivated in modified K&R medium supplemented with microcrystalline cellulose, the CBH2 and D6 coexpressing strains led to increases in the biomass (up to 12.8 g/L) and lipid yield (up to 3.7 g/L) of 87% and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared to that of the control strain. Notably, when CBH2 and D6 were coexpressed in M. circinelloides, the yield of GLA reached 608 mg/L, which was a dramatic increase of 3.9-fold compared to that of the control strain. This is the first report on promoting the GLA production from the cellulosic substrate via coexpression of CBH2 and delta-6 desaturase. This work provides a theoretical basis for efficient transformation from the cellulosic substrate to functional GLA by CBH2 and D6 coexpressing strains, which might play a positive role in promoting the sustainable development of biological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhuan Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wu
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Xiong T, Han S, Pu L, Zhang TC, Zhan X, Fu T, Dai YH, Li YX. Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Methods to Identify FN1 as a Novel Biomarker of Aortic Valve Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:832591. [PMID: 35295271 PMCID: PMC8918776 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.832591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AimThe purpose of this study was to identify potential diagnostic markers for aortic valve calcification (AVC) and to investigate the function of immune cell infiltration in this disease.MethodsThe AVC data sets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the performance of functional correlation analysis were carried out using the R software. To explore hub genes related to AVC, a protein–protein interaction network was created. Diagnostic markers for AVC were then screened and verified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, logistic regression, support vector machine-recursive feature elimination algorithms, and hub genes. The infiltration of immune cells into AVC tissues was evaluated using CIBERSORT, and the correlation between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells was analyzed. Finally, the Connectivity Map database was used to forecast the candidate small molecule drugs that might be used as prospective medications to treat AVC.ResultsA total of 337 DEGs were screened. The DEGs that were discovered were mostly related with atherosclerosis and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, according to the analyses. Gene sets involved in the chemokine signaling pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction were differently active in AVC compared with control. As the diagnostic marker for AVC, fibronectin 1 (FN1) (area the curve = 0.958) was discovered. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that the AVC process may be mediated by naïve B cells, memory B cells, plasma cells, activated natural killer cells, monocytes, and macrophages M0. Additionally, FN1 expression was associated with memory B cells, M0 macrophages, activated mast cells, resting mast cells, monocytes, and activated natural killer cells. AVC may be reversed with the use of yohimbic acid, the most promising small molecule discovered so far.ConclusionFN1 can be used as a diagnostic marker for AVC. It has been shown that immune cell infiltration is important in the onset and progression of AVC, which may benefit in the improvement of AVC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiong
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shen Han
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Pu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tian-Chen Zhang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Zhan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Hai Dai
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Xiong Li ;
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Fazili ABA, Shah AM, Zan X, Naz T, Nosheen S, Nazir Y, Ullah S, Zhang H, Song Y. Mucor circinelloides: a model organism for oleaginous fungi and its potential applications in bioactive lipid production. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:29. [PMID: 35227264 PMCID: PMC8883733 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oils have gained massive attention because of their significant role in industrial applications. Currently plants and animals are the chief sources of medically and nutritionally important fatty acids. However, the ever-increasing global demand for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) cannot be met by the existing sources. Therefore microbes, especially fungi, represent an important alternative source of microbial oils being investigated. Mucor circinelloides—an oleaginous filamentous fungus, came to the forefront because of its high efficiency in synthesizing and accumulating lipids, like γ-linolenic acid (GLA) in high quantity. Recently, mycelium of M. circinelloides has acquired substantial attraction towards it as it has been suggested as a convenient raw material source for the generation of biodiesel via lipid transformation. Although M. circinelloides accumulates lipids naturally, metabolic engineering is found to be important for substantial increase in their yields. Both modifications of existing pathways and re-formation of biosynthetic pathways in M. circinelloides have shown the potential to improve lipid levels. In this review, recent advances in various important metabolic aspects of M. circinelloides have been discussed. Furthermore, the potential applications of M. circinelloides in the fields of antioxidants, nutraceuticals, bioremediation, ethanol production, and carotenoids like beta carotene and astaxanthin having significant nutritional value are also deliberated.
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Feng J, Zhou Y, Liao L, Yu L, Yuan P, Zhang J. Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomics Reveal the Mechanism of GuaLouQuMaiWan in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Active Small Molecular Compound. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:2736504. [PMID: 36248223 PMCID: PMC9560855 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2736504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main pathophysiological abnormalities in type 2 diabetes (T2D) include pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Due to hyperglycemia, patients receive long-term treatment. However, side effects and drug tolerance usually lead to treatment failure. GuaLouQuMaiWan (GLQMW), a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has positive effects on controlling blood sugar and improving quality of life, but the mechanism is still unclear. To decipher their molecular mechanisms, we used a novel computational systems pharmacology-based approach consisting of bioinformatics analysis, network pharmacology, and drug similarity comparison. We divided the participants into nondisease (ND), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes groups according to the WHO's recommendations for diabetes. By analyzing the gene expression profile of the ND-IGT-T2D (ND to IGT to T2D) process, we found that the function of downregulated genes in the whole process was mainly related to insulin secretion, while the upregulated genes were related to inflammation. Furthermore, other genes in the ND-IGT (ND to IGT) process are mainly related to inflammation and lipid metabolic disorders. We speculate that 17 genes with a consistent trend may play a key role in the process of ND-IGT-T2D. We further performed target prediction for 50 compounds in GLQMW that met the screening criteria and intersected the differentially expressed genes of the T2D process with the compounds of GLQMW; a total of 18 proteins proved potential targets for GLQMW. Among these, RBP4 is considerably related to insulin resistance. GO/KEGG enrichment analyses of the target genes of GLQMW showed enrichment in inflammation- and T2D therapy-related pathways. Based on the RDKit tool and the DrugBank database, we speculate that (-)-taxifolin, dialoside A_qt, spinasterol, isofucosterol, and 11,14-eicosadienoic acid can be used as potential drugs for T2D via molecular docking and drug similarity comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Feng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China 518000
| | - Yuheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China 510632
| | - Li Liao
- Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China 404100
| | - Liping Yu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China 518000
| | - Ping Yuan
- Tongren Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 200000
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Traditional Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China 510632
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12
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Abbate M, Mascaró CM, Montemayor S, Barbería-Latasa M, Casares M, Gómez C, Ugarriza L, Tejada S, Abete I, Zulet MÁ, Sureda A, Martínez JA, Tur JA. Animal Fat Intake Is Associated with Albuminuria in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051548. [PMID: 34064372 PMCID: PMC8147815 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diet could play a predisposing role in the development of increased albuminuria in patients with NAFLD and MetS; however, published evidence is still limited. The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to assess whether dietary fats are associated with changes in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in 146 patients aged 40–60-years with NAFLD and MetS. Dietary data were collected by food frequency questionnaire; UACR was measured in a single first morning void. Sources and types of dietary fats used in the analysis were total fat, fats from animal and vegetable sources, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats. One-way analysis of variance was performed to assess differences in dietary fats intakes across stages of UACR. The association between dietary fats and UACR was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariable linear regression. Patients with increased UACR showed a worse cardiometabolic profile and higher intakes of animal fat, as compared to patients with normal levels of albuminuria. Animal fat intake was associated with mean UACR, independent of potential covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Abbate
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.A.); (C.M.M.); (S.M.); (L.U.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.A.); (C.M.M.); (S.M.); (L.U.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.A.); (C.M.M.); (S.M.); (L.U.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Barbería-Latasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnostics Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Lucia Ugarriza
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.A.); (C.M.M.); (S.M.); (L.U.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Camp Redó Primary Health Care Centre, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.A.); (C.M.M.); (S.M.); (L.U.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Zulet
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.A.); (C.M.M.); (S.M.); (L.U.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolic Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.A.); (C.M.M.); (S.M.); (L.U.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.Á.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Baker EJ, Valenzuela CA, Dooremalen WT, Martínez‐Fernández L, Yaqoob P, Miles EA, Calder PC. Gamma‐Linolenic and Pinolenic Acids Exert Anti‐Inflammatory Effects in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells Through Their Elongation Products. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000382. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ella J. Baker
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Carina A. Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Nutrition University of Valparaíso Playa Ancha 850 Valparaíso Chile
| | - Wies T.M. Dooremalen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Leyre Martínez‐Fernández
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Navarra 31008 Pamplona Spain
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy University of Reading Reading RG6 6AP UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
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Spirulina Lipids Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18030148. [PMID: 32143330 PMCID: PMC7143263 DOI: 10.3390/md18030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-induced obesity leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory status. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of total lipids extracted from Spirulina. Hence, in the present study, Spirulina lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol (SLC) or ethanol (SLE) and then their effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice fed a HFHSD were investigated. The results show that the major lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of SLC and SLE were almost similar, but the gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoid contents in SLE was a little higher than that in SLC. Dietary 4% SLC or SLE for 12 weeks effectively decreased the hepatic lipid hydroperoxide levels as well as increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in the mice fed a HFHSD. In addition, supplementation with SLC and SLE also markedly decreased the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a HFHSD, and the effects of SLC and SLE were comparable. These findings confirm for the first time that dietary Spirulina lipids could alleviate HFHSD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Hookworm-Derived Metabolites Suppress Pathology in a Mouse Model of Colitis and Inhibit Secretion of Key Inflammatory Cytokines in Primary Human Leukocytes. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00851-18. [PMID: 30670556 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00851-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic hookworm therapy shows promise for treating disorders that result from a dysregulated immune system, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using a murine model of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we demonstrated that low-molecular-weight metabolites derived from both somatic extracts (LMWM-SE) and excretory-secretory products (LMWM-ESP) of the hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, display anti-inflammatory properties. Administration to mice of LMWM-ESP as well as sequentially extracted fractions of LMWM-SE using both methanol (SE-MeOH) and hexane-dichloromethane-acetonitrile (SE-HDA) resulted in significant protection against T cell-mediated immunopathology, clinical signs of colitis, and impaired histological colon architecture. To assess bioactivity in human cells, we stimulated primary human leukocytes with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of hookworm extracts and showed that SE-HDA suppressed ex vivo production of inflammatory cytokines. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography-MS analyses revealed the presence of 46 polar metabolites, 22 fatty acids, and five short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the LMWM-SE fraction and 29 polar metabolites, 13 fatty acids, and six SCFAs in the LMWM-ESP fraction. Several of these small metabolites, notably the SCFAs, have been previously reported to have anti-inflammatory properties in various disease settings, including IBD. This is the first report showing that hookworms secrete small molecules with both ex vivo and in vivo anti-inflammatory bioactivity, and this warrants further exploration as a novel approach to the development of anti-inflammatory drugs inspired by coevolution of gut-dwelling hookworms with their vertebrate hosts.
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Seo SA, Park B, Hwang E, Park SY, Yi TH. Borago officinalis L. attenuates UVB-induced skin photodamage via regulation of AP-1 and Nrf2/ARE pathway in normal human dermal fibroblasts and promotion of collagen synthesis in hairless mice. Exp Gerontol 2018; 107:178-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Lu H, Qin X, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Wu WH. Molecular target analysis of stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes of protozoan parasites. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:48-54. [PMID: 29351064 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites can synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids. They possess stearoyl-CoA desaturase to convert stearate into oleate and linoleate. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase are the key enzymes required for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. It seems attractive to evaluate the possibility of using unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathways as drug targets. In this study, the authors investigate codon usage bias, base composition variations and protein sequence in ten available complete stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene sequences from Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum etc. The results show that fatty acid desaturase genes GC content high of parasitic protozoa genes, GC content up to 63.37%, while fatty acid desaturase genes of parasitic protozoa prefers to use codon ending with G/C. In addition, the expected curve was also drawn to reveal the relationship of ENC and GC3s when the codon usage was only subjected to the nucleotide composition constraint. The genes lied on the expected curve in ENC-plot, indicating nucleotide composition constraint played a role in the condon usage pattern. Protein analysis, we find that all proteins are stearoyl-CoA desaturase, have sites of iron-binding active centers and contain three conserved His-rich motifs. If stearoyl-CoA desaturase is unusual to these parasites, it provides basis as a promising target for the development of selective chemical intervention. Therefore, the Bioinformatics analysis of protein and codon can help improve the work of genetic engineering and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hua Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Luan X, Zhang H, Garre V, Song Y, Ratledge C. Improved γ-linolenic acid production in Mucor circinelloides by homologous overexpressing of delta-12 and delta-6 desaturases. Microb Cell Fact 2017. [PMID: 28637506 PMCID: PMC5480167 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is important because of its nutritional value and medicinal applications. Although the biosynthetic pathways of some plant and microbial GLA have been deciphered, current understanding of the correlation between desaturases and GLA synthesis in oleaginous fungi is incomplete. In previous work, we found that a large amount of oleic acid (OA) had not been converted to linoleic acid (LA) or GLA in Mucor circinelloides CBS 277.49, which may be due to inadequate activities of the delta-12 or delta-6 desaturases, and thus leading to the accumulation of OA and LA. Thus, it is necessary to explore the main contributing factor during the process of GLA biosynthesis in M. circinelloides. Results To enhance GLA production in M. circinelloides, homologous overexpression of delta-12 and two delta-6 desaturases (named delta-6-1 and delta-6-2, respectively) were analyzed. When delta-6 desaturase were overexpressed in M. circinelloides, up to 43% GLA was produced in the total fatty acids, and the yield of GLA reached 180 mg/l, which were, respectively, 38 and 33% higher than the control strain. Conclusion These findings revealed that delta-6 desaturase (especially for delta-6-1 desaturase) plays an important role in GLA synthesis by M. circinelloides. The strain overexpressing delta-6-1 desaturase may have potential application in microbial GLA production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0723-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Technologies in Functional Agricultural Products, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Luan
- School of Food Science and Technolgy, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiyuan Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Technologies in Functional Agricultural Products, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Departamento de Genéticay Microbiologia (Unidad ASOCIADA al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biologi, Universidad de Murcia, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Universities for Technologies in Functional Agricultural Products, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun West Road, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food Science and Technolgy, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Colin Ratledge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Jun HK, Jung YJ, Choi BK. Inflammasome activators induce fibronectin expression and release in macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [PMID: 27870323 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular fibronectin (Fn) can activate pro-inflammatory pathways and serves as an endogenous danger signalling molecule; thus, it has been suggested as a biomarker for several diseases. In the present study, we found that pathogen-derived activators of the inflammasomes induce the expression and secretion of Fn in macrophages through a mechanism involving adenosine triphosphate and caspase-1 activation. We also found that plasma Fn induces caspase-1 activation and cell death in macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Together, these results indicate that Fn plays a critical role in inflammasome-activated cells by amplifying caspase-1 activation and inducing inflammatory cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea.,Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Lu H, Zhu Y. Screening and molecular identification of overproducing γ-linolenic acid fungi and cloning the delta 6-desaturase gene. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:316-22. [PMID: 25169017 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This research aims at isolating and identifying γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-producing fungi in the traditional Chinese salt-fermented soybean food, Douchi, from Yongchuan, People's Republic of China. In this study, Rhizopus oryzae DR3 was identified as a novel fungal species that produces large amounts of GLA. A full-length cDNA, designated as RoD6 D, with high homology to fungal △6 fatty acid desaturase genes was isolated from R. oryzae by using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. It had an open reading frame of 1,176 bp encoding a deduced polypeptide of 391 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis characterized the putative RoD6 D protein as a typical membrane-bound desaturase, including three conserved histidine-rich motifs, a hydropathy profile, and a cytochrome b5 -like domain in the N-terminus. When the coding sequence was expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INVScl, the encoded product of RoD6 D exhibited △6 fatty acid desaturase activity that led to the accumulation of GLA. The results show that Douchi contains a large natural diverse composition, and some strains could be selected as starters for functional fermented foods. This study has also laid a foundation for developing functional Douchi products for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Chen PY, Wang J, Lin YC, Li CC, Tsai CW, Liu TC, Chen HW, Huang CS, Lii CK, Liu KL. 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse C2C12 myotubes. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:521-31. [PMID: 25687616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major site of insulin action. Intramuscular lipid accumulation results in inflammation, which has a strong correlation with skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on palmitic acid (PA)-induced inflammatory responses and IR in C2C12 myotubes. Our data demonstrated that these three test 18-carbon PUFAs can inhibit PA-induced interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and IR as evidenced by increases in phosphorylated AKT and the 160-kD AKT substrate, mRNA and plasma membrane protein expression of glucose transporter 4, and glucose uptake. Moreover, the 18-carbon PUFAs blocked the effects of PA on activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Of note, supplementation with GLA-rich borage oil decreased proinflammatory cytokine production and hindered the activation of MAPKs, PKC-θ and NF-κB in the skeletal muscles of diabetic mice. The 18-carbon PUFAs did not reverse PA-induced inflammation or IR in C2C12 myotubes transfected with a constitutively active mutant IκB kinase-β plasmid, which suggests the importance of the inhibition of NF-κB activation by the 18-carbon PUFAs. Moreover, blockade of AMPK activation by short hairpin RNA annulled the inhibitory effects of the 18-carbon PUFAs on PA-induced IR but not inflammation. Our findings suggest that the 18-carbon PUFAs may be useful in the management of PA-induced inflammation and IR in myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - John Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan; Department of Dietitian, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan; Department of Dietitian, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chung Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan; Department of Dietitian, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan; Department of Dietitian, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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22
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Park JH, Lee MK, Yoon J. Gamma-linolenic acid inhibits hepatic PAI-1 expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK-dependent activator protein and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. Apoptosis 2014; 20:336-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Park KY, Ko EJ, Kim IS, Li K, Kim BJ, Seo SJ, Kim MN, Hong CK. The effect of evening primrose oil for the prevention of xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with isotretinoin: a pilot study. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:706-12. [PMID: 25473222 PMCID: PMC4252667 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.6.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most common adverse effects of oral isotretinoin are cheilitis, skin dryness, dry eyes, and conjunctivitis, whereas evening primrose oil (EPO) is known to improve skin moisture and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy adults and atopic patients. Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of EPO in preventing xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with oral isotretinoin. Methods Forty Korean volunteers of Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV, having moderate acne, were enrolled and randomized to receive either isotretinoin with or without EPO for 8 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated on the basis of global acne grading system scores, number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions, TEWL, corneometry, physician's global assessment, and patient satisfaction. Results The results after 8 weeks of treatment showed that the TEWL of the lip increased significantly during isotretinoin treatment, whereas the TEWL of the hand dorsum showed no significant change. The increase of the TEWL of the lip was more definite in the control group than in the experimental group. The number of acne lesions decreased significantly in both groups, and there were no differences between them. Conclusion Our study suggests that the addition of EPO improved xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with oral isotretinoin. However, besides TEWL and corneometry assessments, additional studies are required for a complete understanding of the role of EPO in xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with oral isotretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kapsok Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeung Nam Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Kwun Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jin H, Piao SG, Jin JZ, Jin YS, Cui ZH, Jin HF, Zheng HL, Li JJ, Jiang YJ, Yang CW, Li C. Synergistic effects of leflunomide and benazepril in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Nephron Clin Pract 2014; 126:148-56. [PMID: 24855017 DOI: 10.1159/000362556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leflunomide (LEF) and benazepril have renoprotective effects on diabetic nephropathy (DN) through their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. This study investigated whether combined treatment using LEF and benazepril affords superior protection compared with the respective monotherapies. METHODS Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection in male Wistar rats. Two weeks after STZ injection, diabetic rats were treated daily for 12 weeks with LEF (10 mg/kg), benazepril (10 mg/kg), or a combination of both. Basic parameters (body weight, fasting blood glucose level, and 24 h urinary protein excretion), histopathology, inflammatory [inflammatory cell infiltration (ED-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2)] and glomerulosclerotic factors [transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)], and oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) were studied. RESULTS Benazepril or LEF treatment significantly prevented body weight loss and 24 h urinary protein excretion induced by diabetes; combined treatment with LEF and benazepril further improved these parameters compared with giving each drug alone (all p < 0.01). Increased expression of inflammatory (MCP-1 and TLR-2) and glomerulosclerotic (TGF-β1 and CTGF) factors in diabetic rat kidney was reduced by treatment with either LEF or benazepril and was further reduced by the combined administration of the two drugs (p < 0.01). These effects were accompanied by suppression of urinary 8-OHdG excretion. There was no significant between-group difference in blood glucose level. CONCLUSIONS LEF treatment lessens DN, and combined treatment with LEF and benazepril provides synergistic effects in preventing DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jin
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, PR China
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