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Viejo-Romero M, Whalley HC, Shen X, Stolicyn A, Smith DJ, Howard DM. An epidemiological study of season of birth, mental health, and neuroimaging in the UK Biobank. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300449. [PMID: 38776272 PMCID: PMC11111058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures during the perinatal period are known to have a long-term effect on adult physical and mental health. One such influential environmental exposure is the time of year of birth which affects the amount of daylight, nutrients, and viral load that an individual is exposed to within this key developmental period. Here, we investigate associations between season of birth (seasonality), four mental health traits (n = 137,588) and multi-modal neuroimaging measures (n = 33,212) within the UK Biobank. Summer births were associated with probable recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (β = 0.026, pcorr = 0.028) and greater mean cortical thickness in temporal and occipital lobes (β = 0.013 to 0.014, pcorr<0.05). Winter births were associated with greater white matter integrity globally, in the association fibers, thalamic radiations, and six individual tracts (β = -0.013 to -0.022, pcorr<0.05). Results of sensitivity analyses adjusting for birth weight were similar, with an additional association between winter birth and white matter microstructure in the forceps minor and between summer births, greater cingulate thickness and amygdala volume. Further analyses revealed associations between probable depressive phenotypes and a range of neuroimaging measures but a paucity of interactions with seasonality. Our results suggest that seasonality of birth may affect later-life brain structure and play a role in lifetime recurrent Major Depressive Disorder. Due to the small effect sizes observed, and the lack of associations with other mental health traits, further research is required to validate birth season effects in the context of different latitudes, and by co-examining genetic and epigenetic measures to reveal informative biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Viejo-Romero
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhou H, Peng-Li D, Chen J, Sun D, Wan B. Early life climate and adulthood mental health: how birth seasonality influences depressive symptoms in adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:209. [PMID: 36721129 PMCID: PMC9887737 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life in-utero can have long-term influence on the mental health status of individuals in adulthood, such as depression. Age, gender, socio-economic status, education, and geography are demographic factors shown to be particularly vulnerable towards the development of depressive symptoms. In addition, climate risks on depression include sunlight, rain, and temperature. However, whether climate factors in early life have a long-term influence on depression related to demographic vulnerability remains unknown. Here, the present study explored the association between birth seasonality and adulthood depressive symptoms. METHODS We employed data from the project of Chinese Labour-forces Dynamic Survey (CLDS) 2016, containing the epidemiological data of depressive symptoms with a probability proportional to size cluster and random cluster sampling method in 29 provinces of China. A final sample size of 16,185 participants was included. Birth seasonality included spring (March, April, and May), summer (June, July, and August), autumn (September, October, and November), and winter (December, January, and February). RESULTS We found that born in Autumn peaked lowest rate of having depressive symptoms (16.8%) and born in Summer (vs. Autumn) had a significant higher ratio (OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.02, 1.29) when controlling for demographic variables. In addition, demographic odds ratio of having depressive symptoms differed between people born in different seasons, particular for age and geography. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that birth seasonality influences the sensitive link of depressive symptoms with age and geography. It implicates early life climate environment may play a role in the development of adulthood depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- grid.416271.70000 0004 0639 0580Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Danni Peng-Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juan Chen
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Sun
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XSchool of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wan
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School on Neuroscience of Communication: Function, Structure, and Plasticity (IMPRS NeuroCom), Leipzig, Germany. .,School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Csajbók Z, Kagstrom A, Cermakova P. Season of birth has no effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6823. [PMID: 35474329 PMCID: PMC9042812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There remains a lack of conclusive evidence as to the merit of season of birth as a predictor of mental illness across contexts. We studied 72,370 individuals (55% women; mean age 66) from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Depressive symptoms were assessed with EURO-D scale and symptoms of anxiety with modified Beck Anxiety Inventory. Multilevel modeling was used to assess the association of season of birth as well as month of birth with symptoms of depression and anxiety, by sex and region. Adjusting for sex and age, month of birth explained only 0.01% to 0.07% of anxiety and depressive symptoms with non-significant improvement in the overall models; using season of birth instead of month of birth added 0.00% to 0.04% of explained variance. When stratified by sex and European region, age explained 0.23% to 5.19% of anxiety and depressive symptoms; the addition of month of birth or season of birth improved the models by negligible amount. Season of birth and month of birth are not reliable predictors of anxiety and depression across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Csajbók
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czechia
- Faculty of Humanities, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Kagstrom
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czechia
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Pavla Cermakova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, V Úvalu 84, 15006, Prague 5, Czechia.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.
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Hsu C, Tseng P, Tu Y, Lin P, Hung C, Liang C, Hsieh Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Kao H. Month of birth and mental disorders: A population-based study and validation using global meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 144:153-167. [PMID: 33930177 PMCID: PMC8360113 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Month of birth (MOB) is associated with specified mental disorders (MDs). However, whether these relationships extend to all MDs remains unclear. We investigate the association using a population-based cohort study and a meta-analysis. METHODS First, we examined patients with 34 DSM-5-classified MDs in the Taiwan national database. We estimated the relative risk ratios (RR) of each illness in each MOB relative to that in the general population and assessed the periodicity, with six further sensitivity analyses. Second, we searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for related articles through 31 December 2020. We used a random-effects model, pooled RRs with 95% confidence intervals of each MOB from the identified studies, and transformed them from MOB to relative age in a year or season. RESULTS The cohort included 1,951,777 patients. Except for posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociative disorders, feeding/eating disorders, gender dysphoria, and paraphilic disorders, the other MDs had significant MOB periodicity. The meta-analysis included 51 studies investigating 10 MDs. The youngest age at the start of school owing to MOB was associated with the highest RRs of intellectual disability (1.13), autism (1.05), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1.13). Winter births had significant risks of schizophrenia (1.04), bipolar I disorder (1.02), and major depressive disorder (1.01), and autumn births had a significant risk of alcohol use disorder (1.02). No significant associations between season of birth and Alzheimer's disease, or eating disorders were found. CONCLUSIONS MOB is related to the risks of certain MDs. This finding provides a reference for future research on the etiology of MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Wei Hsu
- Department of PsychiatryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan,Department of Computer Science and Information EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Ping‐Tao Tseng
- Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology & NeurologyKaohsiungTaiwan,Institute of Biomedical SciencesNational Sun Yat‐sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan,Department of PsychologyCollege of Medical and Health Science, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Kang Tu
- Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive MedicineCollege of Public HealthNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Department of DentistryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pao‐Yen Lin
- Department of PsychiatryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical SciencesKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungChina
| | - Chi‐Fa Hung
- Department of PsychiatryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Sung Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou BranchTri‐Service General HospitalSchool of MedicineNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yun‐Yu Hsieh
- Department of PsychiatryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yao‐Hsu Yang
- Health Information and Epidemiology LaboratoryChang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi CountyTaiwan,Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi CountyTaiwan,School of Traditional Chinese MedicineCollege of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Liang‐Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiungTaiwan,Department of Chinese MedicineCollege of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Hung‐Yu Kao
- Department of Computer Science and Information EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
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Wang MQ, Wang RR, Hao Y, Xiong WF, Han L, Qiao DD, He J. Clinical characteristics and sociodemographic features of psychotic major depression. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:24. [PMID: 33771161 PMCID: PMC8004453 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic major depression (PMD) is a subtype of depression with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have failed to find many differences between patients with PMD and those with non-psychotic major depression (NMD) or schizophrenia (SZ). We compared sociodemographic factors (including season of conception) and clinical characteristics between patients with PMD, NMD, and schizophrenia. Our aim was to provide data to help inform clinical diagnoses and future etiology research. METHODS This study used data of all patients admitted to Shandong Mental Health Center from June 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. We analyzed cases who had experienced an episode of PMD (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes F32.3, F33.3), NMD (F32.0-2/9, F33.0-2/9), and SZ (F20-20.9). Data on sex, main discharge diagnosis, date of birth, ethnicity, family history of psychiatric diseases, marital status, age at first onset, education, allergy history, and presence of trigger events were collected. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression analyses. Missing values were filled using the k-nearest neighbor method. RESULTS PMD patients were more likely to have a family history of psychiatric diseases in their first-, second-, and third-degree relatives ([OR] 1.701, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.019-2.804) and to have obtained a higher level of education (OR 1.451, 95% CI 1.168-1.808) compared with depression patients without psychotic features. Compared to PMD patients, schizophrenia patients had lower education (OR 0.604, 95% CI 0.492-0.741), were more often divorced (OR 3.087, 95% CI 1.168-10.096), had a younger age of onset (OR 0.934, 95% CI 0.914-0.954), less likely to have a history of allergies (OR 0.604, 95% CI 0.492-0.741), and less likely to have experienced a trigger event 1 year before first onset (OR 0.420, 95% CI 0.267-0.661). Season of conception, ethnicity, and sex did not differ significantly between PMD and NMD or schizophrenia and PMD. CONCLUSIONS PMD patients have more similarities with NMD patients than SZ patients in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. The differences found between PMD and SZ, and PMD and NMD correlated with specificity of the diseases. Furthermore, allergy history should be considered in future epidemiological studies of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ran-Ran Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei-Feng Xiong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ling Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dong-Dong Qiao
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Hospital, No 49, Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Juan He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No 11, Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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6
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Ferreira FR, de Paula GC, de Carvalho RJV, Ribeiro-Barbosa ER, Spini VBMG. Impact of Season of Birth on Psychiatric Disorder Susceptibility and Drug Abuse Incidence in a Population from the Köppen Tropical Savanna Region of Brazil. Neuropsychobiology 2020; 79:131-140. [PMID: 31574505 DOI: 10.1159/000503069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite much evidence that season of birth (SOB) my influence the vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, divergence has been reported, in particular between populations born in the northern and southern hemispheres. We analyzed the potential modified risk by SOB to psychiatric disorder or drug addiction comorbidity in a population born in the Triângulo Mineiro region, a southern hemisphere Köppen tropical savanna region in Brazil. METHOD We accessed the records of 98,457 of patients and healthy controls of the National Datacenter of Medical Promptuary to evaluate the influence of SOB as a modifying factor on the occurrence of mental disorders and drug abuse conditions among individuals born from the year 2000 to 2016. RESULTS The data revealed significant modification of the relative incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) (F11, 72 = 2.898; p = 0.003; eta-squared, ES = 0.313; ⍺ = 0.97), anxiety-related disorder (ARD) (F11, 81 =2.389; p = 0.013; ES = 0.241; ⍺ = 0.932), and schizophrenia (SZ) (F11, 83 = 2.764; p = 0.005; ES = 0.303; α = 0.963), while there was no increase in the number of healthy controls born in any month of the year (F11, 71 = 1.469; p = 0.163). Post hoc analyses indicated a significant higher vulnerability to MDD or ARD if the patient was born in August, or October to December, respectively. A relative increase in the incidence of SZ was also observed in patients born from August to October, compared to patients born from November to January. CONCLUSIONS SOB may influence the risk for psychiatric disorders in the TMR population. Regional particularities associated with the climatic regime may account for the apparent divergence between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo C de Paula
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Erika R Ribeiro-Barbosa
- Physiology Department, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B M G Spini
- Physiology Department, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Xiong W, Hao Y, Han L, Wang M, He J. Associations between birth season and the anatomic subsites of gastric cancer in Beijing, China. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1636-1643. [PMID: 32951479 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1792481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Birth season is an important risk factor for several cancers; for example, anatomic subsite risk factors for gastric cancer differ substantially by when patients were born. In this population-based retrospective study, we explored the relationship between birth season and gastric cancer of different anatomical sites, focusing on gastric cancer patients who were registered at the Beijing Institute for Cancer Research from 2003 to 2012. In total, 19,668 patients were divided into three groups according to the anatomical site of the primary lesion: cardia (n = 3911), noncardia (n = 5383) and unknown (n = 10,374). The 5383 patients in the noncardia group were further subdivided into the following subgroups: fundus (n = 455), corpus (n = 902), greater curvature (n = 110), lesser curvature (n = 512), antrum (n = 2635), pylorus (n = 106) and overlapping (n = 663). Finally, all gastric cancer cases, the three major groups, and the seven noncardia subgroups were, respectively, compared with inpatients from the Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing from 2003 to 2013. A logistic regression method with sex and age as control factors was used to evaluate the relationship between birth season and gastric cancer with the level for statistical significance set at P < .05. Taking winter as the reference season, we found people born in summer had a lower probability of developing gastric cancer (summer: odds ratio [OR] = 0.925, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.875-0.978, P = .006). Among the three groups, the noncardia group had the lower probability of birth season being spring or summer (spring: OR = 0.917, 95% CI = 0.843-0.997, P = .042; summer: OR = 0.883, 95% CI = 0.810-0.962, P = .004), but the cardia and unknown anatomical groups showed no statistical significance for season of birth (P > .05). Among the seven subgroups, those born in summer were less likely to develop gastric cancer in the antrum and lesser curvature than those born in winter (antrum: OR = 0.861, 95% CI = 0.766-0.968, P = .012; lesser curvature: OR = 0.746, 95% CI = 0.579-0.961, P = .023); the other subgroups showed no significant differences by season of birth (P > .05). This study demonstrated that gastric cancer is related to birth season. For people born in summer, the risk of developing gastric cancer was comparatively lower than for people born in winter. Seasonal differences in immune function and maternal nutrition status during pregnancy may explain these findings; however, further large-scale prospective studies will be required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xiong
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Ling Han
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Juan He
- Preclinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
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Zhang C, Brook JS, Leukefeld CG, De La Rosa M, Brook DW. Season of birth: A predictor of ADHD symptoms in early midlife. Psychiatry Res 2018; 267:243-248. [PMID: 29940455 PMCID: PMC6131025 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this longitudinal study, we applied linear regression analyses to examine season of birth as related to symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early midlife. METHOD We gathered longitudinal data on a prospective cohort of community-dwelling men and women (N = 548) followed from adolescence to early midlife. FINDINGS The findings indicate that, as compared with participants who were born in the summer, those who were born in the spring (Beta = 0.34; t-statistic = 3.59; p < 0.001) had significantly more ADHD symptoms. In addition, exposure to maternal cigarette smoking in adolescence significantly intensified (p < 0.01) the association between season of birth and ADHD symptoms in early midlife. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that exposure to greater maternal maladaptive behaviors, such as cigarette smoking, may result in a greater vulnerability to other environmental risk factors, such as season of birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Judith S. Brook
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carl G. Leukefeld
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-9983, USA
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - David W. Brook
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Devore EE, Chang SC, Okereke OI, McMahon DG, Schernhammer ES. Photoperiod during maternal pregnancy and lifetime depression in offspring. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 104:169-175. [PMID: 30092556 PMCID: PMC6104842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that perinatal light exposure has enduring effects on affective behaviors in rodents; however, insufficient research has explored this hypothesis in humans. We examined photoperiod (i.e., day length) metrics during maternal pregnancy in relation to lifetime depression in the longitudinal Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS II. 160,723 participants reported birth date and birth state (used to derive daily photoperiod based on published mathematical equations), and clinician-diagnosed depression and antidepressant use throughout adulthood. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) (and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for depression (defined as clinician diagnosis and antidepressant use) across quintiles of two exposures during maternal pregnancy: 1) total photoperiod (total number of daylight hours) and 2) differences between minimum/maximum photoperiod; each trimester of pregnancy was examined separately. Total photoperiod during maternal pregnancy was not associated with depression overall or by trimester of pregnancy. However, larger differences between minimum/maximum photoperiod during maternal pregnancy were related to lower odds of depression (multivariable [MV]-adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.90 comparing extreme quintiles of exposure; p-trend<0.0001); this association appeared specific to the second trimester of pregnancy (MV-adjusted p-trends = 0.03, <0.0001, and 0.3 across the three trimesters, respectively). In addition, birth at higher latitude (where larger differences in minimum/maximum photoperiod exist) was associated with a significant reduction in the lifetime risk of depression. These findings are consistent with an emerging hypothesis in which perinatal light exposure may influence risk of depression, and they might be understood through the conceptual framework of adaptive developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shun-Chiao Chang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02144, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Box 351634 Station B, Nashville, TN, 37235-1634, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/ 1. Stock, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Talarowska M, Bliźniewska K, Wargacka K, Gałecki P. Birth Month and Course of Recurrent Depressive Disorders in a Polish Population. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4169-4174. [PMID: 29912861 PMCID: PMC6038719 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether the specific season of the year during which the first trimester of pregnancy takes place is significantly associated with the course (intensification and frequency of occurrence) of an episode of recurrent depressive disorder in adult life. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 184 patients treated for recurrent depressive disorders. RESULTS An analysis of the results obtained indicates that the greatest number of people suffering from a major depressive episode were born in the spring and summer (from April to September), meaning that the first trimester of pregnancy occurred between October and March. However, our results were not statistically significant, perhaps due to the small size of the examined group. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained indicate that birth month may be significantly associated with the course of recurrent depressive disorders. In patients from Central Europe, the first trimester of pregnancy falling in autumn and winter seems to be significant. These results need to be interpreted with caution due to the small size of the examined group.
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