1
|
Cikes D, Atanes P, Cronin SJF, Hagelkrüys A, Huang GC, Persaud SJ, Penninger JM. Neuropeptide Neuromedin B does not alter body weight and glucose homeostasis nor does it act as an insulin-releasing peptide. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9383. [PMID: 35672347 PMCID: PMC9174263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin B (NMB) is a member of the neuromedin family of neuropeptides with a high level of region-specific expression in the brain. Several GWAS studies on non-obese and obese patients suggested that polymorphisms in NMB predispose to obesity by affecting appetite control and feeding preference. Furthermore, several studies proposed that NMB can act as an insulin releasing peptide. Since the functional study has never been done, the in vivo role of NMB as modulator of weight gain or glucose metabolism remains unclear. Here, we generated Nmb conditional mice and nervous system deficient NmB mice. We then performed olfactory and food preference analysis, as well as metabolic analysis under standard and high fat diet. Additionally, in direct islet studies we evaluated the role of NMB on basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse and humans.
Collapse
|
2
|
Aung N, Vargas JD, Yang C, Cabrera CP, Warren HR, Fung K, Tzanis E, Barnes MR, Rotter JI, Taylor KD, Manichaikul AW, Lima JA, Bluemke DA, Piechnik SK, Neubauer S, Munroe PB, Petersen SE. Genome-Wide Analysis of Left Ventricular Image-Derived Phenotypes Identifies Fourteen Loci Associated With Cardiac Morphogenesis and Heart Failure Development. Circulation 2019; 140:1318-1330. [PMID: 31554410 PMCID: PMC6791514 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic basis of left ventricular (LV) image-derived phenotypes, which play a vital role in the diagnosis, management, and risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases, is unclear at present. METHODS The LV parameters were measured from the cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies of the UK Biobank. Genotyping was done using Affymetrix arrays, augmented by imputation. We performed genome-wide association studies of 6 LV traits-LV end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, LV stroke volume, LV ejection fraction, LV mass, and LV mass to end-diastolic volume ratio. The replication analysis was performed in the MESA study (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). We identified the candidate genes at genome-wide significant loci based on the evidence from extensive bioinformatic analyses. Polygenic risk scores were constructed from the summary statistics of LV genome-wide association studies to predict the heart failure events. RESULTS The study comprised 16 923 European UK Biobank participants (mean age 62.5 years; 45.8% men) without prevalent myocardial infarction or heart failure. We discovered 14 genome-wide significant loci (3 loci each for LV end-diastolic volume, LV end-systolic volume, and LV mass to end-diastolic volume ratio; 4 loci for LV ejection fraction, and 1 locus for LV mass) at a stringent P<1×10-8. Three loci were replicated at Bonferroni significance and 7 loci at nominal significance (P<0.05 with concordant direction of effect) in the MESA study (n=4383). Follow-up bioinformatic analyses identified 28 candidate genes that were enriched in the cardiac developmental pathways and regulation of the LV contractile mechanism. Eight genes (TTN, BAG3, GRK5, HSPB7, MTSS1, ALPK3, NMB, and MMP11) supported by at least 2 independent lines of in silico evidence were implicated in the cardiac morphogenesis and heart failure development. The polygenic risk scores of LV phenotypes were predictive of heart failure in a holdout UK Biobank sample of 3106 cases and 224 134 controls (odds ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.26 - 1.58, for the top quintile versus the bottom quintile of the LV end-systolic volume risk score). CONCLUSIONS We report 14 genetic loci and indicate several candidate genes that not only enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of prognostically important LV phenotypes but also shed light on potential novel therapeutic targets for LV remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nay Aung
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (N.A., K.F., S.E.P.)
| | - Jose D. Vargas
- Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC (J.D.V.)
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (C.Y., A.W.M.)
| | - Claudia P. Cabrera
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics (C.P.C., E.T., M.R.B.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R. Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Fung
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (N.A., K.F., S.E.P.)
| | - Evan Tzanis
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics (C.P.C., E.T., M.R.B.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Barnes
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics (C.P.C., E.T., M.R.B.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Division of Genomics Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center, Torrance, CA (J.I.R., K.D.T.)
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Division of Genomics Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center, Torrance, CA (J.I.R., K.D.T.)
| | - Ani W. Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (C.Y., A.W.M.)
| | - Joao A.C. Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (J.AC.L.)
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison (D.A.B.)
| | - Stefan K. Piechnik
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.K.P., S.N.)
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.K.P., S.N.)
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen E. Petersen
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre (N.A., H.R.W., K.F., P.B.M., S.E.P.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (N.A., K.F., S.E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pujar MK, Vastrad B, Vastrad C. Integrative Analyses of Genes Associated with Subcutaneous Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020037. [PMID: 30678306 PMCID: PMC6406848 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is present in the majority of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the key genes and potential molecular mechanism in insulin resistance. Expression profiles of the genes were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were conducted at Enrichr. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was settled and analyzed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database constructed by Cytoscape software. Modules were extracted and identified by the PEWCC1 plugin. The microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) which control the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the NetworkAnalyst algorithm. A database (GSE73108) was downloaded from the GEO databases. Our results identified 873 DEGs (435 up-regulated and 438 down-regulated) genetically associated with insulin resistance. The pathways which were enriched were pathways in complement and coagulation cascades and complement activation for up-regulated DEGs, while biosynthesis of amino acids and the Notch signaling pathway were among the down-regulated DEGs. Showing GO enrichment were cardiac muscle cell–cardiac muscle cell adhesion and microvillus membrane for up-regulated DEGs and negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation and dendrites for down-regulated DEGs. Subsequently, myosin VB (MYO5B), discs, large homolog 2(DLG2), axin 2 (AXIN2), protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), Notch homolog 1 (NOTCH1), androgen receptor (AR), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and Rho family GTPase 3 (RND3) were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the up- and down-regulated PPI network and modules. In addition, GATA binding protein 6 (GATA6), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 5 (ENPP5), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and tubulin, beta 2A (TUBB2A) were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the up- and down-regulated target gene–miRNA network, while tubulin, beta 2A (TUBB2A), olfactomedin-like 1 (OLFML1), prostate adrogen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 (PARM1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 family, member A1 (ALDH4A1)were diagnosed as the top hub genes in the up- and down-regulated target gene–TF network. The current study based on the GEO database provides a novel understanding regarding the mechanism of insulin resistance and may provide novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Pujar
- Department of Medicine, Pooja Hospital, Davangere577002, Karnataka, India.
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SET`S College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India.
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karanataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kirac D, Kasimay Cakir O, Avcilar T, Deyneli O, Kurtel H, Yazici D, Kaspar EC, Celik N, Guney AI. Effects of MC4R, FTO, and NMB gene variants to obesity, physical activity, and eating behavior phenotypes. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:806-16. [PMID: 27634552 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major contributory factor of morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that biological systems may be involved in the tendency to be and to remain physically inactive also behaviors such as food and beverage preferences and nutrient intake may at least partially genetically determined. Consequently, besides environment, genetic factors may also contribute to the level of physical activity and eating behaviors thus effect obesity. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of various gene mutations on obesity, physical activity levels and eating behavior phenotypes. One hundred patients and 100 controls were enrolled to the study. Physical activity levels were measured with an actical acceloremeter device. Eating behaviors were evaluated using Three-Factor Eating questionnaire (TFEQ). Associations between eating behavior scores and physical characteristics were also evaluated. The information about other obesity risk factors were also collected. Mutations were investigated with PCR, direct sequencing and Real-Time PCR. rs1051168, rs8050146 -2778C > T mutations were found statistically significant in patients, rs1121980 was found statistically significant in controls. 21 mutations were found in MC4R and near MC4R of which 18 of them are novel and 8 of them cause amino acid change. In addition, it was found that, some obesity related factors and questions of TFEQ are associated with various investigated gene mutations. Any relation between gene mutations and physical activity levels were not detected. It is thought that, due to the genotype data and eating behaviors, it may be possible to recommend patients for proper eating patterns to prevent obesity. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(10):806-816, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Kirac
- Department of Medical Biology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Tuba Avcilar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Deyneli
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hizir Kurtel
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yazici
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Nurgul Celik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ilter Guney
- Department of Medical Genetics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramos-Álvarez I, Moreno P, Mantey SA, Nakamura T, Nuche-Berenguer B, Moody TW, Coy DH, Jensen RT. Insights into bombesin receptors and ligands: Highlighting recent advances. Peptides 2015; 72:128-44. [PMID: 25976083 PMCID: PMC4641779 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This following article is written for Prof. Abba Kastin's Festschrift, to add to the tribute to his important role in the advancement of the role of peptides in physiological, as well as pathophysiological processes. There have been many advances during the 35 years of his prominent role in the Peptide field, not only as editor of the journal Peptides, but also as a scientific investigator and editor of two volumes of the Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [146,147]. Similar to the advances with many different peptides, during this 35 year period, there have been much progress made in the understanding of the pharmacology, cell biology and the role of (bombesin) Bn receptors and their ligands in various disease states, since the original isolation of bombesin from skin of the European frog Bombina bombina in 1970 [76]. This paper will briefly review some of these advances over the time period of Prof. Kastin 35 years in the peptide field concentrating on the advances since 2007 when many of the results from earlier studies were summarized [128,129]. It is appropriate to do this because there have been 280 articles published in Peptides during this time on bombesin-related peptides and it accounts for almost 5% of all publications. Furthermore, 22 Bn publications we have been involved in have been published in either Peptides [14,39,55,58,81,92,93,119,152,216,225,226,231,280,302,309,355,361,362] or in Prof. Kastin's Handbook of Biological Active Peptides [137,138,331].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Paola Moreno
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Samuel A Mantey
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Taichi Nakamura
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Research, Office of the Director, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States
| | - David H Coy
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, United States
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
González N, Moreno P, Jensen RT. Bombesin receptor subtype 3 as a potential target for obesity and diabetes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1153-70. [PMID: 26066663 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1056154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus and obesity are important health issues; increasing in prevalence, both in the USA and globally. There are only limited pharmacological treatments, and although bariatric surgery is effective, new effective pharmacologic treatments would be of great value. This review covers one area of increasing interest that could yield new novel treatments of obesity/diabetes mellitus. It involves recognition of the central role the G-protein-coupled receptor, bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) plays in energy/glucose metabolism. AREAS COVERED Since the initial observation that BRS-3 knockout mice develop obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and hyperphagia, there have been numerous studies of the mechanisms involved and the development of selective BRS-3 agonists/antagonists, which have marked effects on body weight, feeding and glucose/insulin homeostasis. In this review, each of these areas is briefly reviewed. EXPERT OPINION BRS-3 plays an important role in glucose/energy homeostasis. The development of potent, selective BRS-3 agonists demonstrates promise as a novel approach to treat obesity/diabetic states. One important question that needs to be addressed is whether BRS-3 agonists need to be centrally acting. This is particularly important in light of recent animal and human studies that report transient cardiovascular side effects with centrally acting oral BRS agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nieves González
- The Autonomous University of Madrid, IIS-Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and, Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) , Madrid , Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Merali Z, Graitson S, Mackay JC, Kent P. Stress and eating: a dual role for bombesin-like peptides. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:193. [PMID: 24298233 PMCID: PMC3829480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current obesity “epidemic” in the developed world is a major health concern; over half of adult Canadians are now classified as overweight or obese. Although the reasons for high obesity rates remain unknown, an important factor appears to be the role stressors play in overconsumption of food and weight gain. In this context, increased stressor exposure and/or perceived stress may influence eating behavior and food choices. Stress-induced anorexia is often noted in rats exposed to chronic stress (e.g., repeated restraint) and access to standard Chow diet; associated reduced consumption and weight loss. However, if a similar stressor exposure takes place in the presence of palatable, calorie dense food, rats often consume an increase proportion of palatable food relative to Chow, leading to weight gain and obesity. In humans, a similar desire to eat palatable or “comfort” foods has been noted under stressful situations; it is thought that this response may potentially be attributable to stress-buffering properties and/or through activation of reward pathways. The complex interplay between stress-induced anorexia and stress-induced obesity is discussed in terms of the overlapping circuitry and neurochemicals that mediate feeding, stress and reward pathways. In particular, this paper draws attention to the bombesin family of peptides (BBs) initially shown to regulate food intake and subsequently shown to mediate stress response as well. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that BBs may be involved in stress-induced anorexia under certain conditions, but that the same peptides could also be involved in stress-induced obesity. This hypothesis is based on the unique distribution of BBs in key cortico-limbic brain regions involved in food regulation, reward, incentive salience and motivationally driven behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Merali
- Department of Psychology, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada ; University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Individualized Weight Management: What Can Be Learned from Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:347-82. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
9
|
Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics of Caloric Restriction. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:323-46. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
10
|
Blanchet R, Lemieux S, Couture P, Bouchard L, Vohl MC, Pérusse L. Effects of neuromedin-β on caloric compensation, eating behaviours and habitual food intake. Appetite 2011; 57:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Genetic polymorphisms in the hypothalamic pathway in relation to subsequent weight change--the DiOGenes study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17436. [PMID: 21390334 PMCID: PMC3044761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding the components involved in the hypothalamic pathway may influence weight gain and dietary factors may modify their effects. Aim We conducted a case-cohort study to investigate the associations of SNPs in candidate genes with weight change during an average of 6.8 years of follow-up and to examine the potential effect modification by glycemic index (GI) and protein intake. Methods and Findings Participants, aged 20–60 years at baseline, came from five European countries. Cases (‘weight gainers’) were selected from the total eligible cohort (n = 50,293) as those with the greatest unexplained annual weight gain (n = 5,584). A random subcohort (n = 6,566) was drawn with the intention to obtain an equal number of cases and noncases (n = 5,507). We genotyped 134 SNPs that captured all common genetic variation across the 15 candidate genes; 123 met the quality control criteria. Each SNP was tested for association with the risk of being a ‘weight gainer’ (logistic regression models) in the case-noncase data and with weight gain (linear regression models) in the random subcohort data. After accounting for multiple testing, none of the SNPs was significantly associated with weight change. Furthermore, we observed no significant effect modification by dietary factors, except for SNP rs7180849 in the neuromedin β gene (NMB). Carriers of the minor allele had a more pronounced weight gain at a higher GI (P = 2×10−7). Conclusions We found no evidence of association between SNPs in the studied hypothalamic genes with weight change. The interaction between GI and NMB SNP rs7180849 needs further confirmation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Deram S, Villares SMF. Genetic variants influencing effectiveness of weight loss strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 53:129-38. [PMID: 19466204 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302009000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Body weight excess has an increasingly high prevalence in the world. Obesity is a complex disease of multifactorial origin with a polygenic condition affected by environmental factors. Weight loss is a primary strategy to treat obesity and its morbidities. Weight changes through life depend on the interaction of environmental, behavioral and genetic factors. Interindividual variation of weight loss in response to different types of interventions (behavioral, caloric restriction, exercise, drug or surgery) has been observed. In this article, currently available data on the role of candidate gene polymorphisms in weight loss are reviewed. Even though control of weight loss by genotype was described in twin and family studies, it is premature to recommend use of genotyping in the design of therapeutic diets or drug treatment. Future studies will have to be large in order to assess the effects of multiple polymorphisms, and will have to control factors other than diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Deram
- Laboratório de Nutrição Humana e Doenças Metabólicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paula GSM, Souza LL, Cabanelas A, Bloise FF, Mello-Coelho V, Wada E, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Oliveira KJ, Pazos-Moura CC. Female mice target deleted for the neuromedin B receptor have partial resistance to diet-induced obesity. J Physiol 2010; 588:1635-45. [PMID: 20211980 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.185322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have proposed a role for neuromedin B (NB), a bombesin-like peptide, in the control of body weight homeostasis. However, the nature of this role is unclear. The actions of NB are mediated preferentially by NB-preferring receptors (NBRs). Here we examined the consequences of targeted deletion of NBRs in female mice on body weight homeostasis in mice fed a normolipid diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 13 weeks. Body weight and food ingestion of neuromedin B receptor knockout (NBR-KO) mice fed a normolipid diet showed no difference in relation to wild-type (WT). However, the high-fat diet induced an 8.9- and 4.8-fold increase in body weight of WT and NBR-KO, respectively, compared to their controls maintained with a normolipid diet, even though the mice ingested the same amount of calories, regardless of genotype. Comparing mice fed the high-fat diet, NBR-KO mice accumulated approximately 45% less fat depot mass than WT, exhibited a lower percentage of fat in their carcasses (19.2 vs. 31.3%), and their adipocytes were less hypertrophied. Serum leptin and leptin mRNA in inguinal and perigonadal fat were lower in HFD NBR-KO than HFD WT, and serum adiponectin was similar among HFD groups and unaltered in comparison to ND-fed mice. HFD-fed WT mice developed glucose intolerance but not the HFD-fed NBR-KO mice, although they had similar glycaemia and insulinaemia. NBR-KO and WT mice on the normolipid diet showed no differences in any parameters, except for a trend to lower insulin levels. Therefore, disruption of the neuromedin B receptor pathway did not change body weight homeostasis in female mice fed a normolipid diet; however, it did result in partial resistance to diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silva Monteiro Paula
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|