1
|
Piano I, Votta A, Colucci P, Corsi F, Vitolo S, Cerri C, Puppi D, Lai M, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Leigheb M, Gabellini C, Ferraro E. Anti-inflammatory reprogramming of microglia cells by metabolic modulators to counteract neurodegeneration; a new role for Ranolazine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20138. [PMID: 37978212 PMCID: PMC10656419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia chronic activation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including the retinal ones, possibly contributing to their etiopathogenesis. However, some microglia sub-populations have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective functions, thus making arduous deciphering the role of these cells in neurodegeneration. Since it has been proposed that functionally different microglia subsets also rely on different metabolic routes, we hypothesized that modulating microglia metabolism might be a tool to enhance their anti-inflammatory features. This would have a preventive and therapeutic potential in counteracting neurodegenerative diseases. For this purpose, we tested various molecules known to act on cell metabolism, and we revealed the anti-inflammatory effect of the FDA-approved piperazine derivative Ranolazine on microglia cells, while confirming the one of the flavonoids Quercetin and Naringenin, both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of Quercetin and Idebenone, and the ability of Ranolazine, Quercetin and Naringenin to counteract the neurotoxic effect of LPS-activated microglia on 661W neuronal cells. Overall, these data suggest that using the selected molecules -also in combination therapies- might represent a valuable approach to reduce inflammation and neurodegeneration while avoiding long term side effects of corticosteroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Piano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Votta
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Vitolo
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Puppi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Lai
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - José Fernando Maya-Vetencourt
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Synaptic Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Leigheb
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Zhang J, Guo G, Huo W, Xia CQ, Chen L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Liu Q. Effects of folic acid and riboflavin on growth performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in Angus bulls. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:1-9. [PMID: 35225178 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the influences of coated folic acid (CFA) and coated riboflavin (CRF) on bull performance, nutrients digestion and ruminal fermentation. Forty-eight Angus bulls based on a randomised block and 2 × 2 factorial design were assigned to four treatments. The CFA of 0 or 6 mg of folic acid/kg DM was supplemented in diets with CRF 0 or 60 mg riboflavin (RF)/kg DM. Supplementation of CRF in diets with CFA had greater increase in daily weight gain and feed efficiency than in diets without CFA. Supplementation with CFA or CRF enhanced digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral-detergent fibre and non-fibre carbohydrate. Ruminal pH and ammonia N content decreased and total volatile fatty acids concentration and acetate to propionate ratio elevated for CFA or CRF addition. Supplement of CFA or CRF increased the activities of fibrolytic enzymes and the numbers of total bacteria, protozoa, fungi, dominant fibrolytic bacteria and Prevotella ruminicola. The activities of α-amylase, protease and pectinase and the numbers of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminobacter amylophilus were increased by CFA but were unaffected by CRF. Blood concentration of folate elevated and homocysteine decreased for CFA addition. The CRF supplementation elevated blood concentrations of folate and RF. These findings suggested that CFA or CRF inclusion had facilitating effects on performance and ruminal fermentation, and combined addition of CFA and CRF had greater increase in performance than CFA or CRF addition alone in bulls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qiang Xia
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Pei
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Riboflavin on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation in Hu Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010026. [PMID: 36611637 PMCID: PMC9817499 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the influences of riboflavin (RF) supply on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in lambs. Forty-eight Hu lambs were randomly assigned into four groups receiving RF of 0, 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg dry mater (DM), respectively. Increasing RF supply did not affect the DM intake, but quadratically increased the average daily gain and linearly decreased feed conversion ratio. Total-tract DM, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and crude protein digestibility increased quadratically. Rumen pH and propionate molar percentage decreased linearly, total volatile fatty acids concentration, acetate proportion and the ratio of acetate to propionate increased linearly, but ammonia nitrogen concentration was unchanged with increasing RF supply. Linear increases were observed on the activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase, xylanase, pectinase and protease, and the populations of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dominant cellulolytic bacteria, Ruminobacter amylophilus and Prevotella ruminicola. Methanogens population was not affected by RF supplementation. The microbial protein amount and urinary total purine derivatives excretion increased quadratically. The results indicated that 30 mg/kg DM RF supply improved growth performance, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion in lambs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Zhang J, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Pei C, Xia C, Chen L, Zhang Y. Rumen protected riboflavin and rumen protected pantothenate improved growth performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in Angus bulls. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Li J, Zhang G, Yin D, Li Y, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Zhang K, Ji J, Wang T, Jia Y, Yin S. Integrated application of multi-omics strategies provides insights into the environmental hypoxia response in Pelteobagrus vachelli muscle. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100196. [PMID: 35031490 PMCID: PMC8938323 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing pressures on aquatic ecosystems because of pollutants, nutrient enrichment, and global warming have severely depleted oxygen concentrations. This sudden and significant lack of oxygen has resulted in persistent increases in fish mortality rates. Revealing the molecular mechanism of fish hypoxia adaptation will help researchers to find markers for hypoxia induced by environmental stress. Here, we used a multiomics approach to identify several hypoxia-associated miRNAs, mRNAs, proteins, and metabolites involved in diverse biological pathways in the muscles of Pelteobagrus vachelli. Our findings revealed significant hypoxia-associated changes in muscles over 4 h of hypoxia exposure and discrete tissue-specific patterns. We have previously reported that P. vachelli livers exhibit increased anaerobic glycolysis, heme synthesis, erythropoiesis, and inhibit apoptosis when exposed to hypoxia for 4 h. However, the opposite was observed in muscles. According to our comprehensive analysis, fishes show an acute response to hypoxia, including activation of catabolic pathways to generate more energy, reduction of biosynthesis to decrease energy consumption, and shifting from aerobic to anaerobic metabolic contributions. Also, we found that hypoxia induced muscle dysfunction by impairing mitochondrial function, activating inflammasomes, and apoptosis. The hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction enhanced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and further triggered interleukin-1β production via inflammasome activation. In turn, interleukin-1β further impaired mitochondrial function or apoptosis by suppressing downstream mitochondrial biosynthesis–related proteins, thus resulting in a vicious cycle of inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings contribute meaningful insights into the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia, and the methods and study design can be utilized across different fish species. First multiomics analysis of mRNA, miRNA, protein, and metabolite in fishes. Liver and muscle were tissue-specific induced by hypoxia. About 70 genes and 16 miRNAs related to hypoxia adaptation were detected. Hypoxia affects muscle function by mediating energy metabolism via HIF pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Physiology Biochemistry and Application, Heze University, Heze, 274015, China
| | - Guosong Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Physiology Biochemistry and Application, Heze University, Heze, 274015, China.
| | - Danqing Yin
- School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Yao Li
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinghao Cheng
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Ji
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongyi Jia
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonçalves AC, Portari GV. The B-complex vitamins related to energy metabolism and their role in exercise performance: A narrative review. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Jiang YN, Ye YX, Sangild PT, Thymann T, Engelsen SB, Khakimov B, Jiang PP. Plasma Metabolomics to Evaluate Progression of Necrotising Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050283. [PMID: 33946896 PMCID: PMC8146597 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a microbiome-dependent gut disease in preterm infants in early life. Antibiotic treatment is a common intervention for NEC. How NEC lesions, with or without antibiotics, affect plasma metabolome was explored in this study. Formula-fed preterm pigs were used as a model for human NEC and treated with saline, parenteral or oral antibiotics (n = 15-17) for four days after delivery. Gut tissues were collected for evaluation of NEC-like lesions and plasma for metabolomic analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Metabolites were annotated, quantified and subjected to statistical modelling to delineate the effects of NEC and antibiotic treatment. Presence of severe NEC lesions, not antibiotic treatment, was the main drive for plasma metabolite changes. Relative to other pigs, pigs with severe NEC lesions had higher levels of alanine, histidine and myo-inositol, and lower levels of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and isobutyric acid. Across NEC lesion states (healthy, mild, severe), antibiotics directly affected only a few metabolites (tryptophan, 3-phenyllactic acid). Together and independently, NEC and antibiotic treatment affected circulating metabolites in preterm pigs. Amino acids and plasma metabolites, partly related to the gut microbiome, may be helpful to monitor progression of NEC lesions after proper validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.-N.J.); (Y.-X.Y.)
| | - Yong-Xin Ye
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.-N.J.); (Y.-X.Y.)
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.T.S.); (T.T.)
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Paediatrics, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.T.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.B.E.); (B.K.)
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.B.E.); (B.K.)
| | - Ping-Ping Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Y.-N.J.); (Y.-X.Y.)
- Section for Comparative Paediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (P.T.S.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arciero E, Kraaijenbrink T, Asan, Haber M, Mezzavilla M, Ayub Q, Wang W, Pingcuo Z, Yang H, Wang J, Jobling MA, van Driem G, Xue Y, de Knijff P, Tyler-Smith C. Demographic History and Genetic Adaptation in the Himalayan Region Inferred from Genome-Wide SNP Genotypes of 49 Populations. Mol Biol Evol 2018; 35:1916-1933. [PMID: 29796643 PMCID: PMC6063301 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We genotyped 738 individuals belonging to 49 populations from Nepal, Bhutan, North India, or Tibet at over 500,000 SNPs, and analyzed the genotypes in the context of available worldwide population data in order to investigate the demographic history of the region and the genetic adaptations to the harsh environment. The Himalayan populations resembled other South and East Asians, but in addition displayed their own specific ancestral component and showed strong population structure and genetic drift. We also found evidence for multiple admixture events involving Himalayan populations and South/East Asians between 200 and 2,000 years ago. In comparisons with available ancient genomes, the Himalayans, like other East and South Asian populations, showed similar genetic affinity to Eurasian hunter-gatherers (a 24,000-year-old Upper Palaeolithic Siberian), and the related Bronze Age Yamnaya. The high-altitude Himalayan populations all shared a specific ancestral component, suggesting that genetic adaptation to life at high altitude originated only once in this region and subsequently spread. Combining four approaches to identifying specific positively selected loci, we confirmed that the strongest signals of high-altitude adaptation were located near the Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 and Egl-9 Family Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 loci, and discovered eight additional robust signals of high-altitude adaptation, five of which have strong biological functional links to such adaptation. In conclusion, the demographic history of Himalayan populations is complex, with strong local differentiation, reflecting both genetic and cultural factors; these populations also display evidence of multiple genetic adaptations to high-altitude environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arciero
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Thirsa Kraaijenbrink
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Asan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Marc Haber
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mezzavilla
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Division of Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Qasim Ayub
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia Genomics Facility, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Zhaxi Pingcuo
- The Third People’s Hospital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mark A Jobling
- Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yali Xue
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter de Knijff
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu J, Gao W, Pu L, Wei J, Xin Z, Wang Y, Shi T, Guo C. Modulation of hepatic gene expression profiles by vitamin B 1, vitamin B 2, and niacin supplementation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:844-853. [PMID: 29566343 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to observe the effects of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation on hepatic gene expression profiles in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. Thirty mice were randomly divided into normal, acute hypoxia, and acute hypoxia plus vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation groups and fed corresponding diets for 2 weeks and then exposed to a simulated altitude of 6000 m for 8 h. Hepatic gene expression profiles were analyzed using a microarray technique. Several biochemical markers were also assayed. The results showed that a total of 2476 genes were expressed differentially after acute hypoxia exposure (1508 upregulated genes and 968 downregulated genes). Compared with the acute hypoxia group, there were 1382 genes differentially expressed (626 upregulated genes and 756 downregulated genes) in the acute hypoxia plus vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation group. Pathway analysis indicated that carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, as well as electron transfer chain, were improved to some extent after vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin supplementation. Supportive results were obtained from biochemical assays. Our findings suggest that the supplementation of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin is beneficial in improving nutritional metabolism partly via gene expression under acute hypoxia condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Weina Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Lingling Pu
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jingyu Wei
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhonghao Xin
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Tala Shi
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China.,Department of Nutrition, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| |
Collapse
|