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Bani Saeid A, De Rubis G, Williams KA, Yeung S, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Gupta G, Hansbro PM, Shahbazi MA, Gulati M, Kaur IP, Santos HA, Paudel KR, Dua K. Revolutionizing lung health: Exploring the latest breakthroughs and future prospects of synbiotic nanostructures in lung diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111009. [PMID: 38641145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of lung diseases underscores the need for innovative therapies. Dysbiosis in human body microbiome has emerged as a significant factor in these diseases, indicating a potential role for synbiotics in restoring microbial equilibrium. However, effective delivery of synbiotics to the target site remains challenging. Here, we aim to explore suitable nanoparticles for encapsulating synbiotics tailored for applications in lung diseases. Nanoencapsulation has emerged as a prominent strategy to address the delivery challenges of synbiotics in this context. Through a comprehensive review, we assess the potential of nanoparticles in facilitating synbiotic delivery and their structural adaptability for this purpose. Our review reveals that nanoparticles such as nanocellulose, starch, and chitosan exhibit high potential for synbiotic encapsulation. These offer flexibility in structure design and synthesis, making them promising candidates for addressing delivery challenges in lung diseases. Furthermore, our analysis highlights that synbiotics, when compared to probiotics alone, demonstrate superior anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities. This review underscores the promising role of nanoparticle-encapsulated synbiotics as a targeted and effective therapeutic approach for lung diseases, contributing valuable insights into the potential of nanomedicine in revolutionizing treatment strategies for respiratory conditions, ultimately paving the way for future advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeh Bani Saeid
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kylie A Williams
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Stewart Yeung
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AV, 9713, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Gulati
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, AV, 9713, Groningen, the Netherlands; Drug Research Program Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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Oladokun S, Sharif S. Exploring the complexities of poultry respiratory microbiota: colonization, composition, and impact on health. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:25. [PMID: 38711114 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
An accurate understanding of the ecology and complexity of the poultry respiratory microbiota is of utmost importance for elucidating the roles of commensal or pathogenic microorganisms in the respiratory tract, as well as their associations with health or disease outcomes in poultry. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate aspects of the poultry respiratory microbiota, focusing on its colonization patterns, composition, and impact on poultry health. Firstly, an updated overview of the current knowledge concerning the composition of the microbiota in the respiratory tract of poultry is provided, as well as the factors that influence the dynamics of community structure and diversity. Additionally, the significant role that the poultry respiratory microbiota plays in economically relevant respiratory pathobiologies that affect poultry is explored. In addition, the challenges encountered when studying the poultry respiratory microbiota are addressed, including the dynamic nature of microbial communities, site-specific variations, the need for standardized protocols, the appropriate sequencing technologies, and the limitations associated with sampling methodology. Furthermore, emerging evidence that suggests bidirectional communication between the gut and respiratory microbiota in poultry is described, where disturbances in one microbiota can impact the other. Understanding this intricate cross talk holds the potential to provide valuable insights for enhancing poultry health and disease control. It becomes evident that gaining a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles of the poultry respiratory microbiota, as presented in this review, is crucial for optimizing poultry health management and improving overall outcomes in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Oladokun
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Mangan M, Siwek M. Strategies to combat heat stress in poultry production-A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:576-595. [PMID: 38152002 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heat stress (HS) caused by high temperatures continue to be a global concern in poultry production. Poultry birds are homoeothermic, however, modern-day chickens are highly susceptible to HS due to their inefficiency in dissipating heat from their body due to the lack of sweat glands. During HS, the heat load is higher than the chickens' ability to regulate it. This can disturb normal physiological functioning, affect metabolism and cause behavioural changes, respiratory alkalosis and immune dysregulation in birds. These adverse effects cause gut dysbiosis and, therefore, reduce nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. This consequently reduces production performances and causes economic losses. Several strategies have been explored to combat the effects of HS. These include environmentally controlled houses, provision of clean cold water, low stocking density, supplementation of appropriate feed additives, dual and restricted feeding regimes, early heat conditioning and genetic selection of poultry lines to produce heat-resistant birds. Despite all these efforts, HS still remains a challenge in the poultry sector. Therefore, there is a need to explore effective strategies to address this long-lasting problem. The most recent strategy to ameliorate HS in poultry is early perinatal programming using the in ovo technology. Such an approach seems particularly justified in broilers because chick embryo development (21 days) equals half of the chickens' posthatch lifespan (42 days). As such, this strategy is expected to be more efficient and cost-effective to mitigate the effects of HS on poultry and improve the performance and health of birds. Therefore, this review discusses the impact of HS on poultry, the advantages and limitations of the different strategies. Finally recommend a promising strategy that could be efficient in ameliorating the adverse effects of HS in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modou Mangan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Rocchi AJ, Santamaria JM, Beck CN, Sales MA, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G, Erf GF. The Immuno-Suppressive Effects of Cyclic, Environmental Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens: Local and Systemic Inflammatory Responses to an Intradermal Injection of Lipopolysaccharide. Vet Sci 2023; 11:16. [PMID: 38250922 PMCID: PMC10818262 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess effects of environmental heat stress (HS) on the local and systemic inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), broilers were reared under thermoneutral (TN) or cyclic HS conditions. Thermoneutral temperatures followed commercial production settings, with HS broilers exposed to 35 °C for 14 h/day from 4 days onward. At 37 days, HS- and TN-broilers were assigned to either LPS (100 μg/mL) or endotoxin-free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; vehicle) treatments, eight each to HS- and TN-LPS, four each to HS- and TN-PBS. Treatments were administered by intradermal injection of growing feather (GF) pulps; 10 μL/GF; 12 GF/broiler. Blood and GF were collected before and at 6 and 24 h post-injection to assess leukocyte population changes in GF-pulps and blood, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytokine expression in GF-pulps, and plasma concentrations of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP-1). HS-LPS broilers had lower (p ≤ 0.05) infiltration of heterophils and macrophages, ROS generation, and inflammatory cytokine expression in GF-pulps, and lacked the increases in heterophil, monocyte, and plasma AGP-1 concentrations observed in TN-LPS broilers. HS-broilers had similar or greater drops in blood lymphocytes 6 h post-LPS or -PBS injection, respectively, and lower baseline levels (p ≤ 0.05) of circulating T- and B-lymphocytes than TN-broilers. Results indicated that cyclic HS reduced the local and systemic acute inflammatory responses to LPS in broilers, likely impairing their innate defense against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisela F. Erf
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.J.R.); (J.M.S.); (C.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (B.M.H.); (G.T.-I.)
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Sayed Y, Hassan M, Salem HM, Al-Amry K, Eid GE. Prophylactic influences of prebiotics on gut microbiome and immune response of heat-stressed broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13991. [PMID: 37634024 PMCID: PMC10460421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic changes and elevated ambient temperature are significant environmental stressors with a negative impact on birds' physiological, immunological, and behavioral status, increasing their susceptibility to stressors and immunosuppression and consequently increasing intestinal permeability (leaky gut). Prebiotics have been utilized to stop or diminish the harmful effects of stress in chickens. We aimed to evaluate the role of mannan-oligosaccharides, and beta-D-glucan prebiotics supplements in drinking water against experimentally induced heat stress (HS) on broiler chickens and study their impact on birds' performance, gut microbiome, and immune response. A total of 120 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were allocated into four groups (30 birds/group), and each group was subdivided into triplicates (10 birds each). The experimental groups were classified as follows; the 1st (G1) control birds, the 2nd (G2) birds exposed experimentally to HS, the 3rd (G3) birds administered prebiotics in drinking water without exposure to HS, and the 4th (G4) birds exposed to HS and administered prebiotics in drinking water. After each vaccination, blood samples and serum samples were collected to evaluate the birds' immune status. Fecal samples were also collected for the molecular evaluation of the gut microbiome based on the genetic analyses and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that HS has reduced the birds' performance and badly affected the birds' immune response and gut microbiome. However, the addition of prebiotics to drinking water, with or without stress, enhanced the growth rate, maintained a normal gut microbiome, and improved immune parameters. Moreover, the usage of prebiotics improved the chicken gut microbiome and alleviated the negative effect of heat stress. Administering prebiotics significantly (p < 0.05) increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and eradicated pathogenic ones in the birds' gut microbiome. Prebiotics showed a positive effect on the gut microbiome and the immune status of chickens under HS in addition to their efficacy as a growth promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Khaled Al-Amry
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Gamal E Eid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Zhong Y, Li L, Chen W, Xing D, Wu X. Effects of Ilicis Chinensis folium extract supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:94. [PMID: 37496032 PMCID: PMC10373348 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ilicis chinensis folium extract (ICFE) is a powder extracted and processed with Ilex chinensis Sims (ICS) which has numerous bioactivities and is conventionally used in traditional Chinese medicine. Nonetheless, there has been no definitive study evaluating ICFE's application as a feed supplement for broilers. This research sought to determine the chemical composition and evaluate how dietary ICFE supplementation affects the growth performance, serum metrics, intestinal structure, and antioxidant capacity of broilers. METHODS A total of 360 one-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to four treatments (with 9 replicates of 10 chicks, each) of dietary supplementation with ICFE at 0, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg /kg for 42 days. RESULTS Ten polyphenolic compounds and two triterpenoid glycosides were detected by HPLC. In the grower stage and overall, broilers supplemented with 500 and 1,000 mg/kg ICFE exhibited a higher ADFI (P < 0.05) than the controls. Additionally, compared to the controls, broilers receiving low, medium, or high dosages of ICFE exhibited higher average daily gains (P < 0.05) throughout the starter stage and overall. Organ indices showed no significant variation, suggesting that ICFE was non-toxic. ICFE supplementation increased the height of villi in the duodenum and jejunum, reduced crypt depth, and increased the villus/crypt ratio in the duodenum (P < 0.05). Serum concentrations of IL-4 and IgA were increased in ICFE-supplemented broilers. The serum malondialdehyde concentration was reduced, whereas superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity increased through supplementation with ICFE. CONCLUSION ICFE supplementation can improve intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and growth performance of broilers. Hence, ICFE is a promising and safe alternative to antibiotics in broilers, and 500 mg/kg appears to be the optimal dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Li
- Foss Analytical Co.Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Du M, Cheng Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Zhao H, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary supplementation with synbiotics improves growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, and intestinal barrier function in broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:18026-18038. [PMID: 36207632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of synbiotics supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, and intestinal barrier function in broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress. One hundred and forty-four 22-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups of six replicates each for a 21-day study, with eight birds per replicate. Broilers in the control group were reared at a thermoneutral temperature and received a basal diet. Broilers in the other two heat-stressed groups were fed a basal diet supplemented without (heat-stressed group) and with 1.5 g/kg synbiotic (synbiotic group). One and a half gram of the synbiotic consisted with 3 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) Clostridium butyricum, 1.5 × 109 CFU Bacillus licheniformis, 4.5 × 1010 CFU Bacillus subtilis, 600 mg yeast cell wall, and 150 mg xylooligosaccharide. Compared with the control group, heat stress increased rectal temperatures at 28, 35, and 42 days of age, respectively (P < 0.05). Birds subjected to heat stress had reduced weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency during 22 to 42 days (P < 0.05). In contrast, supplementation with the synbiotic decreased rectal temperature at 42 days of age and elevated weight gain of heat stress-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). Heat-stressed broilers exhibited a lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in jejunal mucosa and a higher malondialdehyde accumulation in serum, liver and jejunal mucosa (P < 0.05), and the regressive SOD activity was normalized to control level when supplementing synbiotic (P < 0.05). Heat stress increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in serum and IL-1β content in jejunal mucosa of broilers (P < 0.05). Synbiotic reduced IL-1β level in serum of broilers subjected to heat stress (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, elevated serum diamine oxidase activity and reduced jejunal villus height were observed in broilers of the heat-stressed group (P < 0.05), and the values of these two parameters in the synbiotic group were intermediate (P > 0.05). Heat stress upregulated mRNA abundance of IL-1β and IFN-γ and downregulated gene expression levels of occluding and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa of broilers (P < 0.05). The alterations in the mRNA expression levels of jejunal IL-1β and ZO-1 were reversed by the synbiotic (P > 0.05). In conclusion, dietary synbiotics could improve growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal barrier function in heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefei Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Goel A, Ncho CM, Jeong CM, Gupta V, Jung JY, Ha SY, Yang JK, Choi YH. Dietary supplementation of solubles from shredded, steam-exploded pine particles modifies gut length and cecum microbiota in cyclic heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102498. [PMID: 36739799 PMCID: PMC9932117 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing solubles from steam-exploded pine particles (SSPP) on mitigating the adverse effects of cyclic heat stress (CHS) in broilers which were distributed into 3 dietary treatment groups and 2 temperature conditions. Heat stress (HS) exposure for 6 h daily for 7 d adversely affected performance parameters and rectal temperature of chickens. The absolute and relative weights of the liver and bursa of Fabricius decreased in the CHS group while the relative lengths of the jejunum and ileum increased, which was rescued by dietary supplementation with SSPP. The expression of mucin2 (MUC2) and occludin (OCLN) genes was decreased in CHS birds. The expression of heat shock protein -70 and -90 increased in 0% HS compared to that in 0% NT. Birds supplemented with 0.4% SSPP had higher NADPH oxidase -1 expression than birds in the 0% and 0.1% SSPP treatments. Beta diversity of gut microbiota evaluated through unweighted UniFrac distances was significantly different among treatments. Bacteroidetes was among the 2 most abundant phyla in the cecum, which decreased with 0.1% NT and increased with 0.1% HS in comparison to 0% NT. A total of 13 genera were modified by HS, 5 were altered by dose, and nine showed an interaction effect. In conclusion, CHS adversely affects performance and gut health which can be mitigated with dietary SSPP supplementation that modifies the cecal microbiota in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshat Goel
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Chris Major Ncho
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Chae-Mi Jeong
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Vaishali Gupta
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jung
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Si-Young Ha
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Department of Environmental Materials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Yang-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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Obianwuna UE, Qiu K, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Huang LL, Wu SG. Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and fructooligosaccharides, alone or in combination, on performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125897. [PMID: 36910205 PMCID: PMC9992415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Clostridium butyricum (CB) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) singly or combined, on performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, immune function and antioxidant capacity in peak-phase laying hens. A total of 288 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (30 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary groups that included basal diet, basal diet +0.02% of CB (zlc-17: 1 × 109 CFU/g) (PRO), basal diet +0.6% FOS (PRE), and basal diet +0.02% CB + 0.6% FOS (SYN) for 12 weeks. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 12 birds each. The results demonstrated that probiotics (PRO), prebiotics (PRE) and synbiotics (SYN) (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, exerted a positive effect on the performance and physiological response of the birds. There were significant increases in egg production rate, egg weight, egg mass, daily feed intake and reduced number of damaged eggs. and zero mortality rate due to dietary PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05) respectively. Also, feed conversion was improved by PRO (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, egg quality assessment showed that; eggshell quality was increased by PRO (p ≤ 0.05) and albumen indices (Haugh unit, thick albumen content, and albumen height) were enhanced by PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis showed that PRO, PRE and SYN (p ≤ 0.05), reduced heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, increased antioxidant enzymes and immunoglobulin concentration. Although spleen index was higher for PRO (p ≤ 0.05) group. The significant increase in villi height, villi width, villi height to crypt depth ratio and reduced crypt depth were obvious for PRO, PRE, and SYN (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, improved nutrient absorption and retention evidenced by increased digestibility of crude protein and amino acids, were notable for PRO, PRE, and SYN (p ≤ 0.05) group. Collectively, our findings revealed that dietary CB and FOS alone, or combined, enhanced productive performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, and physiological response in peak-phase laying hens. Our results would provide direction on nutritional strategies for gut enhancers and better physiological response of peak laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Huang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Oladokun S, Adewole DI. Biomarkers of heat stress and mechanism of heat stress response in Avian species: Current insights and future perspectives from poultry science. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Heat stress in pigs and broilers: role of gut dysbiosis in the impairment of the gut-liver axis and restoration of these effects by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:126. [PMCID: PMC9673442 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHeat stress is one of the most challenging stressors for animal production due to high economic losses resulting from impaired animal’s productivity, health and welfare. Despite the fact that all farm animal species are susceptible to heat stress, birds and pigs are particularly sensitive to heat stress due to either lacking or non-functional sweat glands. Convincing evidence in the literature exists that gut dysbiosis, a term used to describe a perturbation of commensal gut microbiota, develops in broilers and pigs under heat stress. Owing to the protective role of commensal bacteria for the gut barrier, gut dysbiosis causes a disruption of the gut barrier leading to endotoxemia, which contributes to the typical characteristics of heat stressed broilers and growing and growing-finishing pigs, such as reduced feed intake, decreased growth and reduced lean carcass weight. A substantial number of studies have shown that feeding of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics is an efficacious strategy to protect broilers from heat stress-induced gut barrier disruption through altering the gut microbiota and promoting all decisive structural, biochemical, and immunological elements of the intestinal barrier. In most of the available studies in heat stressed broilers, the alterations of gut microbiota and improvements of gut barrier function induced by feeding of either probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics were accompanied by an improved productivity, health and/or welfare when compared to non-supplemented broilers exposed to heat stress. These findings indicate that the restoration of gut homeostasis and function is a key target for dietary interventions aiming to provide at least partial protection of broilers from the detrimental impact of heat stress conditions. Despite the fact that the number of studies dealing with the same feeding strategy in heat stressed pigs is limited, the available few studies suggest that feeding of probiotics might also be a suitable approach to enhance productivity, health and welfare in pigs kept under heat stress conditions.
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Al-Surrayai T, Al-Khalaifah H, Al-Mansour H, Kishk M, Al-Mutairi A, Sultan H, Al-Saleem H. Evaluation of the lactic acid bacteria based formulated probiotic product for poultry. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.1026958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a new probiotic product developed to reduce the effect of Salmonella infections and compared it to the efficacy of commercial probiotics in broiler chicken. Based on the in vitro assessment of the growth characteristics and safety to human health, four bacterial isolates were isolated, characterized, and identified as excellent candidates for the development of commercial probiotic feed additives for poultry. Compatibility and interactions among the four selected strains were investigated. After that, a preliminary study was conducted in which the selected isolates were evaluated individually in vivo with three different methods of application (water, feed, and oral gavage). The cycle included N = 312 chicks, which were divided into 13 groups, including control, distributed into four batteries, with 78 broiler chickens in each battery. There were eight replicates with 24 chicks in each replicate, and the analysis was randomly done in triplicate. The intentional parameters were growth performance, microbial analysis and humoral immune response. The results of the preliminary study assisted in formulating the new probiotic product. Then In vivo evaluations for the newly formulated product were performed with the comparison with two imported commercial products (Alterion and Galli pro fit) used in poultry farms in Kuwait. The second cycle included N = 96 chicks that were divided into four groups, including control. Each group has three replicates and each replicate has eight chicks, and the analysis was randomly done in triplicate. The results showed that although antibiotics were not used, all the growth parameters were similar and sometimes better than the control. The new product inhibited the growth of salmonella as a control and all chickens in different treatment gained a high mass of meat. The statistical analysis showed that no differences were observed in bird weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency between bacterial strains p>0.05. Also, the different probiotic treatments did not affect the total antibody IgM titers significantly in the broilers (P > 0.05). Thus, the newly formulated product was effective in reducing the salmonella.
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Synbiotics and Their Antioxidant Properties, Mechanisms, and Benefits on Human and Animal Health: A Narrative Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101443. [PMID: 36291652 PMCID: PMC9599591 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are often associated with a variety of anti-aging compounds that can ensure human and animal health longevity. Foods and diet supplements from animals and plants are the common exogenous sources of antioxidants. However, microbial-based products, including probiotics and their derivatives, have been recognized for their antioxidant properties through numerous studies and clinical trials. While the number of publications on probiotic antioxidant capacities and action mechanisms is expanding, that of synbiotics combining probiotics with prebiotics is still emerging. Here, the antioxidant metabolites and properties of synbiotics, their modes of action, and their different effects on human and animal health are reviewed and discussed. Synbiotics can generate almost unlimited possibilities of antioxidant compounds, which may have superior performance compared to those of their components through additive or complementary effects, and especially by synergistic actions. Either combined with antioxidant prebiotics or not, probiotics can convert these substrates to generate antioxidant compounds with superior activities. Such synbiotic-based new routes for supplying natural antioxidants appear relevant and promising in human and animal health prevention and treatment. A better understanding of various component interactions within synbiotics is key to generating a higher quality, quantity, and bioavailability of antioxidants from these biotic sources.
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14
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Mohammed A, Hu J, Murugesan R, Cheng HW. Effects of a synbiotic as an antibiotic alternative on behavior, production performance, cecal microbial ecology, and jejunal histomorphology of broiler chickens under heat stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274179. [PMID: 36170274 PMCID: PMC9518870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine if synbiotics present similar efficiency to a common antibiotic used in poultry production under heat stress (HS) conditions. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old male Ross 708 broiler chicks were distributed among 3 treatments with 8 pens per treatment of 80 birds each for a 42-day trial. From day 15, birds were heat stressed (32°C for 9 h daily, HS) and fed the basal diet (CONT), the basal diet mixed with an antibiotic (Bactiracin Methylene Disalicylate) (0.05 g/kg of feed, BMD) or a synbiotic (0.5 g/kg of feed, SYN). The treatment effects on bird behavior, production performance, jejunal histomorphology, and cecal microbial ecology were examined. Behavioral observation was recorded by using instantaneous scan sampling technique. Production parameters were measured on day 14, 28, and 42. Cecal microbial populations of Escherichia coli and Lactobacilli and jejunal histomorphological parameters were measured at day 42. The results showed that, SYN birds exhibited more feeding and preening but less drinking and panting behaviors compared with both BMD and CONT birds (P < 0.05). The SYN birds also had higher body weight (BW) at both day 28 and 42 compared to CONT birds (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the counts of Escherichia coli of SYN birds were at the similar levels of BMD but were lower than that of CONT birds (P < 0.05); while there were no treatment effects on the populations of Lactobacilli (P > 0.05). In addition, SYN birds had greater villus height compared with both CONT and BMD birds (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the dietary synbiotic supplement has significant performance and welfare benefits, with the potential to be used as an alternative to antibiotics for poultry meat production, especially during hot seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohammed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal and Poultry Behavior and Management, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jiaying Hu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Raj Murugesan
- BIOMIN America, Inc., Overland Park, KS, United States of America
| | - Heng-Wei Cheng
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Fiocchi A, Cabana MD, Mennini M. Current Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Allergy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2219-2242. [PMID: 35792336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. This review updates the reader on studies aimed at influencing allergic diseases through modulation of the gut microflora. A nonsystematic review of the literature was performed, focusing on relevant trials evaluating the effect of probiotics/prebiotics/symbiotics in the prevention and treatment of allergic disease. For each allergic disease, we were able to find not only a substantial number of clinical trials but also systematic reviews. Specific guidelines, based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, are available for the prevention of allergic disease and for the treatment of food allergy. In each of the areas examined-allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and gastrointestinal allergies-there are substantial uncertainties in the efficacy of gut microflora modulation in prevention and treatment. At present, practicing clinicians can avail themselves of intestinal flora modulators as an adjunct in the prevention of atopic dermatitis but not of other forms of allergic diseases. Their effects on the treatment of allergic diseases remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fiocchi
- Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michael D Cabana
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY
| | - Maurizio Mennini
- Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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16
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Fu Y, Zhang S, Zhao N, Xing L, Li T, Liu X, Bao J, Li J. Effect of mild intermittent cold stimulation on thymus immune function in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102073. [PMID: 36058173 PMCID: PMC9450148 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effect of intermittent and mild cold stimulation (IMCS) on thymus function and the ability of 1-day-old male Ross 308 broilers to withstand cold. Four hundred broilers were reared under normal and mild cold temperatures at 3°C below the normal feeding temperature and were subjected to acute cold stress (ACS) at 10°C on d 50 at 7 am for 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. We determined the expression levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines and avian β-defencins (AvBDs), encoding genes in thymus of broilers at 22, 36, 43, and 50 d of age, and the serum ACTH and cortisol (CORT) levels at 50 d of age. At D22 and D36, the mRNA expression levels of TLRs and AvBDs genes in CS groups were generally significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The lowest expression levels were found in birds submitted to intermittent and mild cold stimulation training for 5 h (CS5 group) on d 22 and 36 of development (P < 0.05). At D43 and D49 after IMCS, mRNA expression levels of most TLRs and AvBDs were significantly lower than those in CC group (P < 0.05), and that mRNA expression levels of all TLRs and most AvBDs in CS5 group had the same change trend with age as those in CC group (P > 0.05). At D22 and D36, mRNA expression levels of different cytokines in each CS groups were different (P < 0.05). mRNA expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and IFN-α all reached the highest values in the CS5 group at D36 (P < 0.05). The levels of ACTH and CORT in all IMCS-treated birds changed in varying degrees after ACS, but there was no significant change in CS5 group (P > 0.05). Collectively, different cold stimulation schemes could modulate thymus immune function of broilers by maintaining homeostasis and enhancing cold resistance. In particular, the optimal cold adaptation scheme was at 3°C below the conventional feeding temperature for 5 h.
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17
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Song D, Wang W, Chen B, Li A, Song G, Cheng J, Qiao L, Zhu R, Min Y. Dietary supplemental synbiotic – yucca extract compound preparation modulates production performance, immune status and faecal microflora diversity in laying hens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2080187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingxu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Cheng
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Qiao
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ronghua Zhu
- Alltech Biological Products (China) Co., LTD, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Al-Surrayai T, Al-Khalaifah H. Dietary Supplementation of Fructooligosaccharides Enhanced Antioxidant Activity and Cellular Immune Response in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:857294. [PMID: 35498745 PMCID: PMC9048480 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.857294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of various concentrations of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) prebiotic on the production performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of broiler chicken. The FOS was used at 0, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7%. The cycle included 340 broilers distributed into 4 batteries, with 85 broiler chickens in each battery. There were 5 replicates with 17 broiler chickens each, and the analyses were triplicated. The studied parameters were production performance, antioxidant status, hematological measurements, cellular and humoral immune response, intestinal acidosis, intestinal microbial counts, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) level in the hindgut. Results showed that broiler chickens fed 0.7% of FOS had significantly higher body weight gain than the control group and the groups fed 0.3% and 0.5% of FOS. Supplementing broiler feed with FOS at all levels increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced the malondialdehyde of the sera (P = 0.015 and 0.025, respectively). Liver catalase enzyme in the broiler chickens fed 0.5 and 0.7% of FOS was higher than that of the control group and the group fed 0.3% of FOS (P = 0.001). However, the liver MDA of the control group was higher than that of all the other groups (P = 0.031). The total WBC and heterophils % were the highest after supplementing broilers with 0.7% FOS (P = 0.004 and 0.003, respectively) at 3 wks of age. Conversely, lymphocytes and monocytes were the lowest for the 0.7% FOS group (P = 0.030 and 0.020, respectively). Dietary 0.05 and 0.7% of FOS induced the highest cellular response compared to the other treatments (P = 0.020). Thymus, bursa of Fabricious, and spleen weights were enhanced after FOS supplementation, which indicates a higher specific cellular response. To conclude, FOS prebiotic at all levels can be utilized safely to enhance the antioxidant activity and the cellular immune response of broiler chickens. Using 0.7% of FOS resulted in higher body weight of broilers. Accordingly, this amount of FOS is sufficient to reach the required results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanan Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
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19
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Song D, Li A, Wang Y, Song G, Cheng J, Wang L, Liu K, Min Y, Wang W. Effects of synbiotic on growth, digestibility, immune and antioxidant performance in broilers. Animal 2022; 16:100497. [PMID: 35338905 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overuse of in-feed antibiotics has been associated with serious issues, including the developing of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and causing drug residues in poultry products. To date, many countries have restricted the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in food animals, resulting in the increased need for effective alternatives to in-feed antibiotic. Synbiotics, which are composed of probiotics and prebiotics, have been shown to act synergistically when applied simultaneously. Thus, this study investigated the effects of a synbiotic, composed of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum (MLP) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS), on growth, immune and antioxidant parameters, and digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in broilers. A total of 168 newly hatched male broilers were randomly allotted to three dietary groups (n = 7): (1) a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet + synbiotic (SYN); and (3) basal diet + aureomycin (ANT). Compared with the CON, chickens had greater average daily gain and digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in the SYN group (P < 0.05). In the SYN and ANT group, serum IgA, IgG, and IL-10 levels were higher, while the serum TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6 levels were reduced (P < 0.05) compared to CON. Compared with CON, the level of serum malondialdehyde was lower (P < 0.05) and SOD level was higher (P < 0.05) in either SYN or ANT group. No significant differences in populations of Escherichia coli were seen in chickens among the three groups, whereas, the populations of Lactobacillus were higher (P < 0.05) in chickens in the SYN group compared with those in CON and ANT groups. Taken together, the addition of SYN, consisting of MLP and FOS, had benefits on growth, immune and antioxidant parameters, and digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, indicating its potential to serve as a substitute for antibiotics in broiler feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junlin Cheng
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kuanbo Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuna Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, PR China.
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20
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Xia B, Wu W, Fang W, Wen X, Xie J, Zhang H. Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:289-299. [PMID: 35024466 PMCID: PMC8717382 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) can be detrimental to the gut health of swine. Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota. In turn, the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response. Therefore, we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’ exposure to short-term HS, to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes, including serum cytokines, oxidation status, and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes (villus height, serum diamine oxidase [DAO], serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins), reduction of serum cytokines (interleukin [IL]-8, IL-12, interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]), and antioxidant activity (higher glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] content, and lower superoxide dismutase [SOD]). Also, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial α-diversity, some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum, which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid. Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites, such as Chlamydia, Lactobacillus, Succinivibrio, Bifidobacterium, Lachnoclostridium, and propionic acid, were correlated with oxidative stress, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and inflammation in pigs. Collectively, our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis, though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weida Wu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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21
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Gao J, Wang R, Liu J, Wang W, Chen Y, Cai W. Effects of novel microecologics combined with traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics on growth performance and health of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101412. [PMID: 34920387 PMCID: PMC8683594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a kind of novel microecologics, namely Chinese medicine-probiotic compound microecological preparation (CPCMP), which is composed of 5 traditional Chinese medicine herbs (Galla Chinensis, Andrographis paniculata, Arctii Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia) fermented by Aspergillus niger and a kind of compound probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum A37 and L. plantarum MIII). The effects of the CPCMP in broilers on growth performance, serum parameters, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 450 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups with 5 replicates, 15 birds per replicate. Treatments consisted of: blank control, CPCMP, positive control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, and probiotics groups, which were birds fed with basal diet supplemented with no extra additives, 0.2% CPCMP, 0.0035% chlortetracycline, 0.2% commercially available CPCMP, 0.2% fermented traditional Chinese medicines, and 0.2% compound probiotics, respectively. CPCMP obviously increased the average body weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05, compared with any other group) and decreased the feed:gain ratio of broilers (P < 0.05, compared with the blank control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, or probiotics group). Moreover, it significantly increased glutathione peroxidase and secretory immunoglobulin A levels and spleen/bursa indices (P < 0.05 for all, compared with the blank control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, or probiotics group). Villus heights in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were also elevated by CPCMP treatment (P < 0.05, compared with any other group). Furthermore, CPCMP substantially increased jejunal mRNA levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (P < 0.05, compared with the blank control, positive control, or probiotics group) and facilitated the growth and colonization of beneficial cecal bacteria, such as Olsenella, Barnesiella, and Lactobacillus. Overall results show that the CPCMP prepared in our work contributes to improving growth performance, serum parameters, immune function, and intestinal health of broilers and exerts synergistic effects of traditional Chinese medicines and probiotics to some extent. Our findings suggest that CPCMP is a promising antibiotic substitute in the livestock and poultry industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
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22
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Schreier J, Rychlik I, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Breves G, Rautenschlein S, Jung A. Influence of heat stress on intestinal integrity and the caecal microbiota during Enterococcus cecorum infection in broilers. Vet Res 2022; 53:110. [PMID: 36527124 PMCID: PMC9756510 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum (EC) is one of the most relevant bacterial pathogens in modern broiler chicken production from an economic and animal welfare perspective. Although EC pathogenesis is generally well described, predisposing factors are still unknown. This study aimed to understand the effect of heat stress on the caecal microbiota, intestinal integrity, and EC pathogenesis. A total of 373 1-day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) noninoculated, thermoneutral conditions (TN); (2) noninoculated, heat stress conditions (HS); (3) EC-inoculated, thermoneutral conditions (TN + EC); and (4) EC-inoculated, heat stress conditions (HS + EC). Birds were monitored daily for clinical signs. Necropsy of 20 broilers per group was performed at 7, 14, 21, and 42 days post-hatch (dph). A trend towards enhanced and more pronounced clinical disease was observed in the EC-inoculated, heat-stressed group. EC detection rates in extraintestinal tissues via culture were higher in the HS + EC group (~19%) than in the TN + EC group (~11%). Significantly more birds were colonized by EC at 7 dph in the HS + EC group (100%) than in the TN + EC group (65%, p < 0.05). The caecal microbiota in the two EC-inoculated groups was significantly more diverse than that in the TN group (p < 0.05) at 14 dph, which may indicate an effect of EC infection. An influence of heat stress on mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in the caecum was detected at 7 dph, where all six investigated tight junction proteins were expressed at significantly lower levels in the heat stressed groups compared to the thermoneutral groups. These observations suggest that heat stress may predispose broilers to EC-associated disease and increase the severity thereof. Furthermore, heat stress may impair intestinal integrity and promote EC translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schreier
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- grid.426567.40000 0001 2285 286XVeterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Karasova
- grid.426567.40000 0001 2285 286XVeterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- grid.426567.40000 0001 2285 286XVeterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Breves
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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23
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Feeding nano particles of vitamin C and zinc oxide: Effect on growth performance, immune response, intestinal morphology and blood constituents in heat stressed broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Teymouri P, Jafari Khorshidi K, Rezaeipour V, Assadi Soumeh E. Efficacy of natural alternatives to antibiotic on the growth performance, gut microbial population, intestinal morphology, and serum biochemical metabolites of broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1954558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Teymouri
- Department of Animal Science, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Kaveh Jafari Khorshidi
- Department of Animal Science, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Vahid Rezaeipour
- Department of Animal Science, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Elham Assadi Soumeh
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
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25
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Qu Q, Li H, Bai L, Zhang S, Sun J, Lv W, Ye C, Liu C, Shi D. Effects of Heat Stress on Gut Microbiome in Rats. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:338-347. [PMID: 34290462 PMCID: PMC8263838 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome, as the largest and most important micro-ecosystem, plays a critical role in health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether heat stress modulates the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in rats. The heat stress model was prepared in rats with the heating temperature maintained at 35–38°C. Cecum contents were collected after heat stress for 3 h and days 1, 3 and 7. Total DNA was extracted for 16 S rRNA sequencing and analysis of intestinal microbiome composition and diversity. The study showed that the composition of the intestinal microbiome of heat stress group was changed. And the heat stress modulated key phylotypes of gut microbiota at the level of phylum and genus. In particular, the genus of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were significantly reduced, whereas the Oscillospira and Clostridium were increased by heat stress. Meanwhile, the rats under the heat stress encountered the change in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and membrane transport to defense against stress. Taken together, the composition and structure of gut microbiome were affected by heat stress and some key phylotypes were also significantly altered. We conclude that the heat stress could impact multiple biological functions, via altering the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxin Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
| | - Dayou Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China
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26
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Cui Y, Han C, Li S, Geng Y, Wei Y, Shi W, Bao Y. High-throughput sequencing-based analysis of the intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens fed with compound small peptides of Chinese medicine. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100897. [PMID: 33518313 PMCID: PMC7936118 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of compound small peptides of Chinese medicine (CSPCM) on the intestinal microbiota of broilers. A total of thirty-six 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were assigned to 6 dietary treatments that include 250, 500, and 750 g/T of CSPCM in feed, 100 g/T of Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium butyricum in feed, and 100 g/T of 50,000 IU xylanase in feed. Each treatment had 2 replicates with 2 cages (3 birds per cage). The jejunal digesta samples were collected from chickens at 42 d. Operational taxonomic unit analysis showed that adding CSPCM at a concentration of 750 g/T of feed can increase the number of operational taxonomic unit samples than other groups. Compared with the control group, adding 250 g/T of CSPCM of feed can improve content of Lactobacillus, Cupriavidus, Ochrobactrum, Candidatus_Arthromitus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas. Adding 500 g/T of CSPCM in feed resulted in varying degrees of improvement in Candidatus_Arthromitus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas. Adding 750 g/T of CSPCM in feed can increase the content of Lactobacillus and Candidatus_Arthromitus. In PICRUSt function prediction analysis, CSPCM acts on the body by creating an environment suitable for the growth of beneficial bacteria. Adding 250 g/T of CSPCM in feed can improve amino acid metabolism, endocrine system function, membrane transport, and cell mobility function. Adding 500 g/T of CSPCM in feed can improve replication and repair and membrane transport function. Adding 750 g/T of CSPCM in feed can increase carbohydrate metabolism, replication and repair, and membrane transport function. Adding B. subtilis and C. butyricum in feed increased replication and repair and membrane transport function. Adding xylanase in feed increased membrane transport function. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of CSPCM to broiler diets increased beneficial flora content, metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acid metabolism, the deposition of proteins, renewal of bacteria, and maintenance of vigorous vitality. Among the 3 additive quantities of 250 g/t, 500 g/t, and 750 g/t of CSPCM in feed, 250 g/t of CSPCM improved parameters that are necessary for improved growth and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuQing Cui
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chao Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - ShuYing Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - YuMeng Geng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - YuanYuan Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - WanYu Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, China.
| | - YongZhan Bao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, China
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27
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL Downregulates the Ileal Expression of Genes Involved in Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens to Improve Growth Performance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020382. [PMID: 33668643 PMCID: PMC7918048 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL promotes broiler chicken performance by improving nutrient absorption and utilization and reducing intestinal inflammation. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based transcriptomes of ileal tissues collected from probiotic-fed and control broiler chickens were analyzed to elucidate the effects of the probiotic B. amyloliquefaciens TL, as a feed additive, on the gut immune function. In total, 475 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the ileum of probiotic-fed and control birds. The expression of genes encoding pyruvate kinase, prothymosin-α, and heat stress proteins was high in the ileum of probiotic-fed birds (FPKM > 500), but not in the control group. The gene ontology functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the uniquely expressed genes in the control group were mostly involved in immune responses, whereas those in the probiotic group were involved in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathways and positive regulation of cell proliferation. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL downregulated the expression of certain proinflammatory factors and affected the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens TL in broiler diets altered the expression of genes involved in immune functions in the ileum. Thus, it might contribute to improved broiler growth by regulating the immune system and reducing intestinal damage in broilers.
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28
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Mohammed A, Mahmoud M, Murugesan R, Cheng HW. Effect of a Synbiotic Supplement on Fear Response and Memory Assessment of Broiler Chickens Subjected to Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:427. [PMID: 33562225 PMCID: PMC7915859 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a synbiotic containing a probiotic (Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bifidobacterium animalis, and Lactobacillus reuteri) and a prebiotic (fructooligosaccharides) on fear response, memory assessment, and selected stress indicators in broilers subjected to heat stress. A total of 360 1-day-old Ross 708 chicks were evenly divided among three treatments: a basal diet mixed with a synbiotic at 0 (G-C), 0.5 (G-0.5X), and 1.0 (G-1.0X) g/kg. After 15 d, the broilers were exposed to 32 °C for 9 h daily until 42 d. The object memory test was conducted at 15 day; touch, novel object, and isolation tests were conducted at 35 day; tonic immobility (TI) took place at 41 day. At 42 day, plasma corticosterone and tryptophan concentrations and heterophile/lymphocyte (H/L) ratios were measured. Compared to controls, synbiotic-fed broilers, regardless of concentration, had a shorter latency to make the first vocalization, with higher vocalization rates during the isolation test (p = 0.001). the G-1.0 group had the lowest H/L ratio (p = 0.001), but higher plasma tryptophan concentrations and a greater number of birds could reach the observer during the touch test (p = 0.001 and 0.043, respectively). The current results indicate that the synbiotic can be used as a growth promoter to reduce the fear response and stress state of heat-stressed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Animal and Poultry Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Manal Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | | | - Heng-wei Cheng
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, 125 South Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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29
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Kikusato M, Xue G, Pastor A, Niewold TA, Toyomizu M. Effects of plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloids on growth performance and intestinal function of broiler chickens under heat stress. Poult Sci 2020; 100:957-963. [PMID: 33518149 PMCID: PMC7858171 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Broiler chickens reared under heat stress (HS) conditions have decreased growth performance and show metabolic and immunologic alterations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a standardized blend of plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) on the growth performance, protein catabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory status of HS-treated chickens. Three hundred sixty 0-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly distributed into 2 treatment groups: control diet (no additives) or diet supplemented with 100 ppm IQ. At day 14, the chicks in each diet group were further divided into 2 groups, each of which was reared under thermoneutral (TN) (22.4°C) or constant HS (33.0°C) conditions until day 42. Each group consisted of 6 replicates with 15 birds per replicate, and chickens were provided ad libitum access to water and feed. During days 15–21, the body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were significantly lower in the HS treatment group than in the TN group, and feed conversion ratio was higher (P < 0.05); these factors were not alleviated by IQ supplementation. During days 22–42, the final BW, BWG, and FI of the HS birds were better among those administered IQ than those that were not (P < 0.05). HS treatment increased plasma lipid peroxide, corticosterone, and uric acid concentrations as well as serum fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran, a marker of intestinal barrier function, and decreased plasma total protein content (P < 0.05). These changes were not observed in the IQ group, suggesting that IQ supplementation improved oxidative damage, protein catabolism, and intestinal barrier function of chickens under HS. Isoquinoline alkaloid supplementation inhibited the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor–like factor 1A, and inducible nitric oxide synthase under HS treatment (P < 0.05). These results suggest that IQ supplementation can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens under HS conditions, which may be associated with amelioration of oxidative damage, protein catabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kikusato
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Guangda Xue
- Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, 65343 Eltville, Germany
| | - Anja Pastor
- Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, 65343 Eltville, Germany
| | | | - Masaaki Toyomizu
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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30
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Kers JG, Fischer EAJ, Stegeman JA, Smidt H, Velkers FC. Comparison of Different Invasive and Non-Invasive Methods to Characterize Intestinal Microbiota throughout a Production Cycle of Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E431. [PMID: 31658673 PMCID: PMC6843853 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the short life of broiler chickens, their intestinal microbiota undergoes many changes. To study underlying biological mechanisms and factors that influence the intestinal microbiota development, longitudinal data from flocks and individual birds is needed. However, post-mortem collection of samples hampers longitudinal data collection. In this study, invasively collected cecal and ileal content, cloacal swabs collected from the same bird, and boot sock samples and cecal droppings from the litter of the broilers' poultry house, were collected on days 0, 2, 7, 14 and 35 post-hatch. The different sample types were evaluated on their applicability and reliability to characterize the broiler intestinal microbiota. The microbiota of 247 samples was assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Analyses of α and β measures showed a similar development of microbiota composition of cecal droppings compared to cecal content. Furthermore, the composition of cecal content samples was comparable to that of the boot socks until day 14 post-hatch. This study shows that the value of non-invasive sample types varies at different ages and depends on the goal of the microbiota characterization. Specifically, cecal droppings and boot socks may be useful alternatives for cecal samples to determine intestinal microbiota composition longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannigje G Kers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Egil A J Fischer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J Arjan Stegeman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Francisca C Velkers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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