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Postolka B, Killen BA, Boey H, Malaquias TM, Natsakis T, Clockaerts S, Misselyn D, Coudyzer W, Vander Sloten J, Jonkers I. Hindfoot kinematics and kinetics - A combined in vivo and in silico analysis approach. Gait Posture 2024; 112:8-15. [PMID: 38723393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex anatomical structure of the foot-ankle imposes challenges to accurately quantify detailed hindfoot kinematics and estimate musculoskeletal loading parameters. Most systems used to capture or estimate dynamic joint function oversimplify the anatomical structure by reducing its complexity. RESEARCH QUESTION Can four dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) imaging in combination with an innovative foot manipulator capture in vivo hindfoot kinematics during a simulated stance phase of walking and can talocrural and subtalar articular joint mechanics be estimated based on a detailed in silico musculoskeletal foot-ankle model. METHODS A foot manipulator imposed plantar/dorsiflexion and inversion/eversion representing a healthy stance phase of gait in 12 healthy participants while simultaneously acquiring 4D CT images. Participant-specific 3D hindfoot rotations and translations were calculated based on bone-specific anatomical coordinate systems. Articular cartilage contact area and contact pressure of the talocrural and subtalar joints were estimated using an extended foot-ankle model updated with an elastic foundation contact model upon prescribing the participant-specific rotations measured in the 4D CT measurement. RESULTS Plantar/dorsiflexion predominantly occurred at the talocrural joint (RoM 15.9±3.9°), while inversion/eversion (RoM 5.9±3.9°) occurred mostly at the subtalar joint, with the contact area being larger at the subtalar than at the talocrural joint. Contact pressure was evenly distributed between the talocrural and subtalar joint at the beginning of the simulated stance phase but was then redistributed from the talocrural to the subtalar joint with increasing dorsiflexion. SIGNIFICANCE In a clinical case study, the healthy participants were compared with four patients after surgically treaded intra-articular calcaneal fracture. The proposed workflow was able to detect small but meaningful differences in hindfoot kinematics and kinetics, indicative of remaining hindfoot pathomechanics that may influence the onset and progression of degenerative joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Postolka
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Bryce A Killen
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Boey
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven 3001, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section, Celestijnenlaan 300C, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Tiago M Malaquias
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section, Celestijnenlaan 300C, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Tassos Natsakis
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section, Celestijnenlaan 300C, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Department of Automation, Dorobantilor 71-73, Cluj-Napoca 400268, Romania
| | - Stefan Clockaerts
- Holy Heart Hospital Lier, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Mechelsesteenweg 24, Lier 2500, Belgium
| | - Dominique Misselyn
- UZ Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | - Jos Vander Sloten
- KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section, Celestijnenlaan 300C, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- KU Leuven, Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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Abbott EM, Bhimani R, Kadakia RJ, Bariteau J, Chang YH. 3D kinematics of tibiotalar motion in patients with mobile bearing and fixed bearing total ankle arthroplasty: In vivo videofluoroscopic feasibility study. Gait Posture 2024; 111:176-181. [PMID: 38705035 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is an increasingly common surgical intervention for patients with end-stage ankle arthritis, there is a need to better understand the dynamic performance of prosthetic implants during activities of daily living. Our purpose was to quantify and compare relative tibiotalar motion during gait in persons with a fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) total ankle arthroplasty. We hypothesized a FB prosthesis would have lower tibiotalar range of motion (ROM). METHODS Patients at least 12 months postoperative with either a FB (n=5) or MB (n=3) total ankle arthroplasty were tested. We used high-speed biplanar videoradiography to quantify tibiotalar kinematics during self-selected gait. Angular and linear ROM in three axes were compared between the groups. RESULTS ROM for dorsiflexion-plantarflexion, internal-external rotation, and inversion-eversion angles in FB subjects averaged 7.47±4.05°, 7.39±3.63°, and 4.51±2.13°, respectively. ROM in MB subjects averaged 6.74±2.04°, 6.28±4.51°, and 5.68±2.81°, respectively. Linear ROM along anteroposterior, mediolateral, and superior-inferior axes in FB subjects averaged 1.47±2.07 mm, 1.13±1.49 mm, and 0.28±0.30 mm, respectively. Linear ROM in MB subjects averaged 0.68±1.44 mm, 0.60±1.41 mm, and 0.20±0.13 mm, respectively. We found no significant difference between the two groups for any of these ROM parameters (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Total ankle arthroplasty using either FB or MB design appears to confer similar ankle motion during the gait cycle in this biplanar fluoroscopic model. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Abbott
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rohan Bhimani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Rishin J Kadakia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason Bariteau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Hui Chang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Robb KA, Perry SD. Capitalizing on skin in orthotics design: the effects of texture on plantar intrinsic foot muscles during locomotion. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:403-416. [PMID: 38135819 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Foot orthoses (FO) are a commonly prescribed intervention to alter foot function during walking although their effects have been primarily studied in the extrinsic muscles of the foot. Furthermore, enhancing sensory feedback under the foot sole has been recently shown to alter extrinsic muscle activity during gait; however, the effects of FOs with enhanced sensory feedback on plantar intrinsic foot muscles (PIFMs) remain unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of FOs with and without sensory facilitation on PIFM activity during locomotion. Forty healthy adults completed a series of gait trials in non-textured and textured FOs when walking over hard and soft flooring. Outcome measures included bilateral joint kinematics and electromyography (EMG) of four PIFMs. Results of this study highlight the distinct onset and cessations of each PIFM throughout the stance phase of gait. PIFMs remained active during mid-stance when wearing FOs and textured FOs facilitated muscle activity across the stance phase of gait. Increasing cutaneous input from foot sole skin, via the addition of texture under the foot sole, appears to alter motor-neuron pool excitation of PIFMs. Future academics are encouraged to increase our understanding on which pathologies, diseases, and/or medical conditions would best benefit from textured FOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Robb
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Stephen D Perry
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
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Abstract
Joints enable nearly all vertebrate animal motion, from feeding to locomotion. However, despite well over a century of arthrological research, we still understand very little about how the structure of joints relates to the kinematics they exhibit in life. This Commentary discusses the value of joint mobility as a lens through which to study articular form and function. By independently exploring form-mobility and mobility-function relationships and integrating the insights gained, we can develop a deep understanding of the strength and causality of articular form-function relationships. In turn, we will better illuminate the basics of 'how joints work' and be well positioned to tackle comparative investigations of the diverse repertoire of vertebrate animal motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita R Manafzadeh
- Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA.,Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, 170 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8292, USA
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Mei Q, Kim HK, Xiang L, Shim V, Wang A, Baker JS, Gu Y, Fernandez J. Toward improved understanding of foot shape, foot posture, and foot biomechanics during running: A narrative review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1062598. [PMID: 36569759 PMCID: PMC9773215 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1062598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current narrative review has explored known associations between foot shape, foot posture, and foot conditions during running. The artificial intelligence was found to be a useful metric of foot posture but was less useful in developing and obese individuals. Care should be taken when using the foot posture index to associate pronation with injury risk, and the Achilles tendon and longitudinal arch angles are required to elucidate the risk. The statistical shape modeling (SSM) may derive learnt information from population-based inference and fill in missing data from personalized information. Bone shapes and tissue morphology have been associated with pathology, gender, age, and height and may develop rapid population-specific foot classifiers. Based on this review, future studies are suggested for 1) tracking the internal multi-segmental foot motion and mapping the biplanar 2D motion to 3D shape motion using the SSM; 2) implementing multivariate machine learning or convolutional neural network to address nonlinear correlations in foot mechanics with shape or posture; 3) standardizing wearable data for rapid prediction of instant mechanics, load accumulation, injury risks and adaptation in foot tissue and bones, and correlation with shapes; 4) analyzing dynamic shape and posture via marker-less and real-time techniques under real-life scenarios for precise evaluation of clinical foot conditions and performance-fit footwear development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Qichang Mei, , ; Yaodong Gu, ,
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vickie Shim
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan Wang
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Qichang Mei, , ; Yaodong Gu, ,
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Nguyen V, Alves Pereira LF, Liang Z, Mielke F, Van Houtte J, Sijbers J, De Beenhouwer J. Automatic landmark detection and mapping for 2D/3D registration with BoneNet. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923449. [PMID: 36061115 PMCID: PMC9434378 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D musculoskeletal motion of animals is of interest for various biological studies and can be derived from X-ray fluoroscopy acquisitions by means of image matching or manual landmark annotation and mapping. While the image matching method requires a robust similarity measure (intensity-based) or an expensive computation (tomographic reconstruction-based), the manual annotation method depends on the experience of operators. In this paper, we tackle these challenges by a strategic approach that consists of two building blocks: an automated 3D landmark extraction technique and a deep neural network for 2D landmarks detection. For 3D landmark extraction, we propose a technique based on the shortest voxel coordinate variance to extract the 3D landmarks from the 3D tomographic reconstruction of an object. For 2D landmark detection, we propose a customized ResNet18-based neural network, BoneNet, to automatically detect geometrical landmarks on X-ray fluoroscopy images. With a deeper network architecture in comparison to the original ResNet18 model, BoneNet can extract and propagate feature vectors for accurate 2D landmark inference. The 3D poses of the animal are then reconstructed by aligning the extracted 2D landmarks from X-ray radiographs and the corresponding 3D landmarks in a 3D object reference model. Our proposed method is validated on X-ray images, simulated from a real piglet hindlimb 3D computed tomography scan and does not require manual annotation of landmark positions. The simulation results show that BoneNet is able to accurately detect the 2D landmarks in simulated, noisy 2D X-ray images, resulting in promising rigid and articulated parameter estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nguyen
- Imec—Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Van Nguyen
| | - Luis F. Alves Pereira
- Imec—Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
| | - Zhihua Liang
- Imec—Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Falk Mielke
- Imec—Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Houtte
- Imec—Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Sijbers
- Imec—Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan De Beenhouwer
- Imec—Vision Lab, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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Montefiori E, Fiifi Hayford C, Mazzà C. Variations of lower-limb joint kinematics associated with the use of different ankle joint models. J Biomech 2022; 136:111072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Maharaj JN, Rainbow MJ, Cresswell AG, Kessler S, Konow N, Gehring D, Lichtwark GA. Modelling the complexity of the foot and ankle during human locomotion: the development and validation of a multi-segment foot model using biplanar videoradiography. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:554-565. [PMID: 34698598 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1968844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We developed and validated a multi-segment foot and ankle model for human walking and running. The model has 6-segments, and 7 degrees of freedom; motion between foot segments were constrained with a single oblique axis to enable triplanar motion [Joint Constrained (JC) model]. The accuracy of the JC model and that of a conventional model using a 6 degrees of freedom approach were assessed by comparison to segment motion determined with biplanar videoradiography. Compared to the 6-DoF model, our JC model demonstrated significantly smaller RMS differences [JC: 2.19° (1.43-2.73); 6-DoF: 3.25° (1.37-5.89)] across walking and running. The JC model is thus capable of more accurate musculoskeletal analyses and is also well suited for predictive simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayishni N Maharaj
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Michael J Rainbow
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Andrew G Cresswell
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah Kessler
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolai Konow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Dominic Gehring
- Institute of Sports and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Glen A Lichtwark
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Mah KM, Torres-Espín A, Hallworth BW, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Fouad K, Fenrich KK. Automation of training and testing motor and related tasks in pre-clinical behavioural and rehabilitative neuroscience. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113647. [PMID: 33600814 PMCID: PMC10443427 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Testing and training animals in motor and related tasks is a cornerstone of pre-clinical behavioural and rehabilitative neuroscience. Yet manually testing and training animals in these tasks is time consuming and analyses are often subjective. Consequently, there have been many recent advances in automating both the administration and analyses of animal behavioural training and testing. This review is an in-depth appraisal of the history of, and recent developments in, the automation of animal behavioural assays used in neuroscience. We describe the use of common locomotor and non-locomotor tasks used for motor training and testing before and after nervous system injury. This includes a discussion of how these tasks help us to understand the underlying mechanisms of neurological repair and the utility of some tasks for the delivery of rehabilitative training to enhance recovery. We propose two general approaches to automation: automating the physical administration of behavioural tasks (i.e., devices used to facilitate task training, rehabilitative training, and motor testing) and leveraging the use of machine learning in behaviour analysis to generate large volumes of unbiased and comprehensive data. The advantages and disadvantages of automating various motor tasks as well as the limitations of machine learning analyses are examined. In closing, we provide a critical appraisal of the current state of automation in animal behavioural neuroscience and a prospective on some of the advances in machine learning we believe will dramatically enhance the usefulness of these approaches for behavioural neuroscientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Men Mah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Abel Torres-Espín
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ben W Hallworth
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John L Bixby
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith K Fenrich
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Turner ML, Gatesy SM. Alligators employ intermetatarsal reconfiguration to modulate plantigrade ground contact. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:269005. [PMID: 34086907 PMCID: PMC8214830 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Feet must mediate substrate interactions across an animal's entire range of limb poses used in life. Metatarsals, the ‘bones of the sole’, are the dominant pedal skeletal elements for most tetrapods. In plantigrade species that walk on the entirety of their sole, such as living crocodylians, intermetatarsal mobility offers the potential for a continuum of reconfiguration within the foot itself. Alligator hindlimbs are capable of postural extremes from a belly sprawl to a high walk to sharp turns – how does the foot morphology dynamically accommodate these diverse demands? We implemented a hybrid combination of marker-based and markerless X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) to measure 3D metatarsal kinematics in three juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) across their locomotor and maneuvering repertoire on a motorized treadmill and flat-surfaced arena. We found that alligators adaptively conformed their metatarsals to the ground, maintaining plantigrade contact throughout a spectrum of limb placements with non-planar feet. Deformation of the metatarsus as a whole occurred through variable abduction (twofold range of spread) and differential metatarsal pitching (45 deg arc of skew). Internally, metatarsals also underwent up to 65 deg of long-axis rotation. Such reorientation, which correlated with skew, was constrained by the overlapping arrangement of the obliquely expanded metatarsal bases. Such a proximally overlapping metatarsal morphology is shared by fossil archosaurs and archosaur relatives. In these extinct taxa, we suggest that intermetatarsal mobility likely played a significant role in maintaining ground contact across plantigrade postural extremes. Summary: We measured 3D metatarsal kinematics in American alligators. Alligator metatarsals conform with the ground across a diversity of high walk and maneuvering postures, providing a context for interpreting the evolutionary history of metatarsals in the fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Turner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen M Gatesy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Lenz AL, Strobel MA, Anderson AM, Fial AV, MacWilliams BA, Krzak JJ, Kruger KM. Assignment of local coordinate systems and methods to calculate tibiotalar and subtalar kinematics: A systematic review. J Biomech 2021; 120:110344. [PMID: 33744722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of biplane fluoroscopy has created the ability to evaluate in vivo motion, enabling six degree-of-freedom measurement of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. Although the International Society of Biomechanics defines a standard method of assigning local coordinate systems for the ankle joint complex, standards for the tibiotalar and subtalar joints are lacking. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize and appraise the existing literature that (1) defined coordinate systems for the tibia, talus, and/or calcaneus or (2) assigned kinematic definitions for the tibiotalar and/or subtalar joints. A systematic literature search was developed with search results limited to English Language from 2006 through 2020. Articles were screened by two independent reviewers based on title and abstract. Methodological quality was evaluated using a modified assessment tool. Following screening, 52 articles were identified as having met inclusion criteria. Methodological assessment of these articles varied in quality from 61 to 97. Included articles adopted primary methods for defining coordinate systems that included: (1) anatomical coordinate system (ACS) based on individual bone landmarks and/or geometric shapes, (2) orthogonal principal axes, and (3) interactive closest point (ICP) registration. Common methods for calculating kinematics included: (1) joint coordinate system (JCS) to calculate rotation and translation, (2) Cardan/Euler sequences, and (3) inclination and deviation angles for helical angles. The methods each have strengths and weaknesses. This summarized knowledge should provide the basis for the foot and ankle biomechanics community to create an accepted standard for calculating and reporting tibiotalar and subtalar kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Lenz
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States
| | - Marisa A Strobel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, 1515 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States
| | - Abigail M Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, 1515 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States
| | - Alissa V Fial
- Research & Instruction Services, Marquette University, 1355 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53201, United States
| | - Bruce A MacWilliams
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States; Motion Analysis Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Salt Lake City, 1275 Fairfax Rd., Salt Lake City, UT 84103, United States
| | - Joseph J Krzak
- Physical Therapy Program, Midwestern University, 555 31st St., Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States; Motion Analysis Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Chicago, 2211 N Oak Park Ave, Chicago, IL 60707, United States
| | - Karen M Kruger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, 1515 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States; Motion Analysis Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Chicago, 2211 N Oak Park Ave, Chicago, IL 60707, United States.
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12
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Akhbari B, Morton AM, Moore DC, Crisco JJ. Biplanar Videoradiography to Study the Wrist and Distal Radioulnar Joints. J Vis Exp 2021:10.3791/62102. [PMID: 33616093 PMCID: PMC8182367 DOI: 10.3791/62102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurement of skeletal kinematics in vivo is essential for understanding normal joint function, the influence of pathology, disease progression, and the effects of treatments. Measurement systems that use skin surface markers to infer skeletal motion have provided important insight into normal and pathological kinematics, however, accurate arthrokinematics cannot be attained using these systems, especially during dynamic activities. In the past two decades, biplanar videoradiography (BVR) systems have enabled many researchers to directly study the skeletal kinematics of the joints during activities of daily living. To implement BVR systems for the distal upper extremity, videoradiographs of the distal radius and the hand are acquired from two calibrated X-ray sources while a subject performs a designated task. Three-dimensional (3D) rigid-body positions are computed from the videoradiographs via a best-fit registrations of 3D model projections onto to each BVR view. The 3D models are density-based image volumes of the specific bone derived from independently acquired computed-tomography data. Utilizing graphics processor units and high-performance computing systems, this model-based tracking approach is shown to be fast and accurate in evaluating the wrist and distal radioulnar joint biomechanics. In this study, we first summarized the previous studies that have established the submillimeter and subdegree agreement of BVR with an in vitro optical motion capture system in evaluating the wrist and distal radioulnar joint kinematics. Furthermore, we used BVR to compute the center of rotation behavior of the wrist joint, to evaluate the articulation pattern of the components of the implant upon one another, and to assess the dynamic change of ulnar variance during pronosupination of the forearm. In the future, carpal bones may be captured in greater detail with the addition of flat panel X-ray detectors, more X-ray sources (i.e., multiplanar videoradiography), or advanced computer vision algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy M Morton
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Douglas C Moore
- Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Joseph J Crisco
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University; Department of Orthopedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital
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