1
|
Xin J, Liu S. Identifying hub genes and dysregulated pathways in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38179963 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2302551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify the hub genes and dysregulated pathways in the progression of duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and to unveil detailedly the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with DMD for developing efficacious treatments in the future. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three mRNA microarray datasets (GSE13608, GSE38417 and GSE109178) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DMD and normal tissues were obtained via R package. Function enrichment analyses were implemented respectively using DAVID online database. The network analysis of protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was conducted using String. Cytoscape and String were used to analyse modules and screen hub genes. The expression of the identified hub genes was confirmed in mdx mice through using qRT-PCR. RESULTS In total, 519 DEGs were identified, consisting of 393 upregulated genes and 126 downregulated genes. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs mainly involve extracellular matrix organization, collagen fibril organization, interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, muscle contraction, endoplasmic reticulum lumen, MHC class II receptor activity, phagosome, graft-versus-host disease, cardiomyocytes, calcium signaling pathway. Twelve hub genes were discovered and biological process analysis proved that these genes were mainly enriched cell cycle, cell division. The result of qRT-PCR suggested that increase in expression of CD44, ECT2, TYMS, MAGEL2, HLA-DMA, SERPINH1, TNNT2 was confirmed in mdx mice and the downregulation of ASB2 and LEPREL1 was also observed. CONCLUSION In conclusion, DEGs and hub genes identified in the current research help us probe the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of DMD, and provide candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzeng Xin
- College of life sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Teo WP, Tan CX, Goodwill AM, Mohammad S, Ang YX, Latella C. Brain activation associated with low- and high-intensity concentric versus eccentric isokinetic contractions of the biceps brachii: An fNIRS study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14499. [PMID: 37732821 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that neural responses following concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) muscle contractions are different, which suggests differences in motor control associated with CON and ECC contractions. This study aims to determine brain activation of the left primary motor cortex (M1) and left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFCs) during ECC and CON of the right bicep brachii (BB) muscle at low- and high-contraction intensities. Eighteen young adults (13M/5F, 21-35 years) were recruited to participate in one familiarization and two testing sessions in a randomized crossover design. During each testing session, participants performed either ECC or CON contractions of the BB (3 sets × 8 reps) at low- (25% of maximum ECC/CON, 45°/s) and high-intensity (75% of maximum ECC/CON, 45°/s) on an isokinetic dynamometer. Eleven-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure changes in oxyhemoglobin (O2 Hb) from the left M1, and left and right DLPFC during ECC and CON contractions. Maximum torque for ECC was higher than CON (43.3 ± 14.1 vs. 46.2 ± 15.7 N m, p = 0.025); however, no differences in O2 Hb were observed between contraction types at low or high intensities in measured brain regions. High-intensity ECC and CON contractions resulted in greater increases in O2 Hb of M1 and bilateral DLPFC compared to low-intensity ECC and CON contractions (p = 0.014). Our findings suggest no differences in O2 Hb responses between contraction types at high and low intensities. High-contraction intensities resulted in greater brain activation of the M1 and bilateral DLPFC, which may have implications for neurorehabilitation to increase central adaptations from exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Peng Teo
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clara Xinru Tan
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alicia M Goodwill
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saqif Mohammad
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Xuan Ang
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Latella
- Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sturdy JT, Rizeq HN, Silder A, Sessoms PH, Silverman AK. Concentric and eccentric hip musculotendon work depends on backpack loads and walking slopes. J Biomech 2024; 163:111942. [PMID: 38219556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hip muscle weakness is associated with low back and leg injuries. In addition, hiking with heavy loads is linked to high incidence of overuse injuries. Walking with heavy loads on slopes alters hip biomechanics compared to unloaded walking, but individual muscle mechanical work in these challenging conditions is unknown. Using movement simulations, we quantified hip muscle concentric and eccentric work during walking on 0° and ±10° slopes with, and without 40% bodyweight added loads, and with and without a hip belt. For gluteus maximus, psoas, iliacus, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris long head, both concentric and eccentric work were greatest during uphill walking. For rectus femoris and semimembranosus, concentric work was greatest during uphill and eccentric work was greatest during downhill walking. Loaded walking had greater concentric and eccentric work from rectus femoris, biceps femoris long head, and gluteus maximus. Psoas concentric work was greatest while carrying loads regardless of hip belt usage, but eccentric work was only greater than unloaded walking when using a hip belt. Loaded and uphill walking had high concentric work from gluteus maximus, and high eccentric work from gluteus medius and biceps femoris long head. Carrying heavy loads uphill may lead to excessive hip muscle fatigue and heightened injury risk. Effects of the greater eccentric work from hip flexors when wearing a hip belt on lumbar spine forces and pelvic stability should be investigated. Military and other occupational groups who carry heavy backpacks with hip belts should maintain eccentric strength of hip flexors and hamstrings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Sturdy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, United States.
| | - Hedaya N Rizeq
- Military and Veterans Health Solutions, Leidos Inc, United States; Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, United States
| | - Amy Silder
- Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, United States
| | - Pinata H Sessoms
- Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, United States
| | - Anne K Silverman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, United States; Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kiriaev L, Baumann CW, Lindsay A. Eccentric contraction-induced strength loss in dystrophin-deficient muscle: Preparations, protocols, and mechanisms. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:213810. [PMID: 36651896 PMCID: PMC9856740 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of dystrophin hypersensitizes skeletal muscle of lower and higher vertebrates to eccentric contraction (ECC)-induced strength loss. Loss of strength can be accompanied by transient and reversible alterations to sarcolemmal excitability and disruption, triad dysfunction, and aberrations in calcium kinetics and reactive oxygen species production. The degree of ECC-induced strength loss, however, appears dependent on several extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as vertebrate model, skeletal muscle preparation (in vivo, in situ, or ex vivo), skeletal muscle hierarchy (single fiber versus whole muscle and permeabilized versus intact), strength production, fiber branching, age, and genetic background, among others. Consistent findings across research groups show that dystrophin-deficient fast(er)-twitch muscle is hypersensitive to ECCs relative to wildtype muscle, but because preparations are highly variable and sensitivity to ECCs are used repeatedly to determine efficacy of many preclinical treatments, it is critical to evaluate the impact of skeletal muscle preparations on sensitivity to ECC-induced strength loss in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle. Here, we review and discuss variations in skeletal muscle preparations to evaluate the factors responsible for variations and discrepancies between research groups. We further highlight that dystrophin-deficiency, or loss of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in skeletal muscle, is not a prerequisite for accelerated strength loss-induced by ECCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonit Kiriaev
- Muscle Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cory W. Baumann
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Correspondence to Angus Lindsay:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Influence of Bone Morphology on In Vivo Tibio-Femoral Kinematics in Healthy Knees during Gait Activities. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175082. [PMID: 36079016 PMCID: PMC9457019 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of the relationships between bone morphology and in vivo tibio-femoral kinematics potentially enhances functional outcomes in patients with knee disorders. The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of femoral and tibial bony morphology on tibio-femoral kinematics throughout complete gait cycles in healthy subjects. Twenty-six volunteers underwent clinical examination, radiographic assessment, and dynamic video-fluoroscopy during level walking, downhill walking, and stair descent. Femoral computer-tomography (CT) measurements included medial condylar (MC) and lateral condylar (LC) width, MC and LC flexion circle, and lateral femoral condyle index (LFCI). Tibial CT measurements included both medial (MTP) and lateral tibial plateau (LTP) slopes, depths, lengths, and widths. The influence of bony morphology on tibial internal/external rotation and anteroposterior (AP)-translation of the lateral and medial compartments were analyzed in a multiple regression model. An increase in tibial internal/external rotation could be demonstrated with decreasing MC width β: −0.30 (95% CI: −0.58 to −0.03) (p = 0.03) during the loaded stance phase of level walking. An increased lateral AP-translation occurred with both a smaller LC flexion circle β: −0.16 (95% CI: −0.28 to −0.05) (p = 0.007) and a deeper MTP β: 0.90 (95% CI: 0.23 to 1.56) (p = 0.01) during the loaded stance phase of level walking. The identified relationship between in vivo tibio-femoral kinematics and bone morphology supports a customized approach and individual assessment of these factors in patients with knee disorders and potentially enhances functional outcomes in anterior cruciate ligament injuries and total knee arthroplasty.
Collapse
|
6
|
Koech RC, Olivier B, Tawa N. A prevalence of running-related injuries among professional endurance runners in the Rift Valley, Kenya. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 33:v33i1a10690. [PMID: 36816903 PMCID: PMC9924508 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injuries related to endurance running have attracted attention as the sport has become more competitive, and as athletes seek to improve their performance. Consequently, endurance runners are increasingly becoming more susceptible to lower extremity running injuries. Objectives The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of running-related injuries among professional endurance runners in the Rift Valley, Kenya. Methods We used a cross-sectional survey design targeting professional endurance runners who had participated in both local and international running competitions. The sample size consisted of 209 respondents selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques, of which 167 participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the prevalence of injuries among the endurance runners. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results The prevalence of running injuries was 63% (n=106). The prevalence among males (n=64; 69%) was higher in comparison with that of females (n=42; 57%). The posterior thigh was the most common site for injuries among the athletes (n=87; 52%), followed by the lower back (n=78; 47%) and ankle (n=63; 38%). Conclusion The prevalence of running-related injuries was high among professional Kenyan endurance runners compared to other populations. These findings therefore form the basis of future research to explore the mechanisms behind the injuries and the feasibility of targeted injury prevention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RC Koech
- Department of Physiotherapy, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
| | - B Olivier
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Tawa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya,Centre for Research in Spinal Health and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maino E, Wojtal D, Evagelou SL, Farheen A, Wong TWY, Lindsay K, Scott O, Rizvi SZ, Hyatt E, Rok M, Visuvanathan S, Chiodo A, Schneeweiss M, Ivakine EA, Cohn RD. Targeted genome editing in vivo corrects a Dmd duplication restoring wild-type dystrophin expression. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13228. [PMID: 33724658 PMCID: PMC8103086 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem duplication mutations are increasingly found to be the direct cause of many rare heritable diseases, accounting for up to 10% of cases. Unfortunately, animal models recapitulating such mutations are scarce, limiting our ability to study them and develop genome editing therapies. Here, we describe the generation of a novel duplication mouse model, harboring a multi-exonic tandem duplication in the Dmd gene which recapitulates a human mutation. Duplication correction of this mouse was achieved by implementing a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) CRISPR/Cas9 approach. This strategy precisely removed a duplication mutation in vivo, restored full-length dystrophin expression, and was accompanied by improvements in both histopathological and clinical phenotypes. We conclude that CRISPR/Cas9 represents a powerful tool to accurately model and treat tandem duplication mutations. Our findings will open new avenues of research for exploring the study and therapeutics of duplication disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maino
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Daria Wojtal
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Sonia L Evagelou
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
| | - Aiman Farheen
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
| | - Tatianna W Y Wong
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Kyle Lindsay
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
| | - Ori Scott
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Pediatricsthe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| | - Samar Z Rizvi
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Elzbieta Hyatt
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
| | - Matthew Rok
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Shagana Visuvanathan
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
| | - Amanda Chiodo
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
| | - Michelle Schneeweiss
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
| | - Evgueni A Ivakine
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Ronald D Cohn
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biologythe Hospital for Sick Children Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Pediatricsthe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada
| |
Collapse
|