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He X, Wu W, Hu Y, Wu M, Li H, Ding L, Huang S, Fan Y. Visualizing the global trends of peptides in wound healing through an in-depth bibliometric analysis. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14575. [PMID: 38116897 PMCID: PMC10961903 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complicated and multistage biological process for the repair of damaged/injured tissues, which requires intelligent designs to provide comprehensive and convenient treatment. Peptide-based wound dressings have received extensive attention for further development and application due to their excellent biocompatibility and multifunctionality. However, the current lack of intuitive analysis of the development trend and research hotspots of peptides applied in wound healing, as well as detailed elaboration of possible research hotspots, restricted obtaining a comprehensive understanding and development in this field. The present study analysed publications from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database and visualized the hotspots and current trends of peptide research in wound healing. Data between January 1st, 2003, and December 31st, 2022, were collected and subjected to a bibliometric analysis. The countries, institutions, co-authorship, co-citation reference, and co-occurrence of keywords in this subject were examined using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. We provided an intuitive, timely, and logical overview of the development prospects and challenges of peptide application in wound healing and some solutions to the major obstacles, which will help researchers gain insights into the investigation of this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Chongqing key Laboratory of High Active Traditional Chinese Drug Delivery System, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuchen Hu
- School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiling Wu
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, Nancy, France
| | - Hong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yao W, Chen P, Cao Y, Shan M, Yu S, Zhang L, Bao B, Cheng FF. Recent Advances in Topical Hemostatic Materials. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1362-1380. [PMID: 38373393 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Untimely or improper treatment of traumatic bleeding may cause secondary injuries and even death. The traditional hemostatic modes can no longer meet requirements of coping with complicated bleeding emergencies. With scientific and technological advancements, a variety of topical hemostatic materials have been investigated involving inorganic, biological, polysaccharide, and carbon-based hemostatic materials. These materials have their respective merits and defects. In this work, the application and mechanism of the major hemostatic materials, especially some hemostatic nanomaterials with excellent adhesion, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high adsorption capacity, are summarized. In the future, it is the prospect to develop multifunctional hemostatic materials with hemostasis and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yudan Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Fang-Fang Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Centre of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province China
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Wang X, Yang X, Sun Z, Guo X, Teng Y, Hou S, Shi J, Lv Q. Progress in injectable hydrogels for the treatment of incompressible bleeding: an update. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1335211. [PMID: 38264581 PMCID: PMC10803650 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1335211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncontrollable haemorrhage from deep, noncompressible wounds remains a persistent and intractable challenge, accounting for a very high proportion of deaths in both war and disaster situations. Recently, injectable hydrogels have been increasingly studied as potential haemostatic materials, highlighting their enormous potential for the management of noncompressible haemorrhages. In this review, we summarize haemostatic mechanisms, commonly used clinical haemostatic methods, and the research progress on injectable haemostatic hydrogels. We emphasize the current status of injectable hydrogels as haemostatic materials, including their physical and chemical properties, design strategy, haemostatic mechanisms, and application in various types of wounds. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of injectable hydrogels as haemostatic materials, as well as the opportunities and challenges involved. Finally, we propose cutting-edge research avenues to address these challenges and opportunities, including the combination of injectable hydrogels with advanced materials and innovative strategies to increase their biocompatibility and tune their degradation profile. Surface modifications for promoting cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as the delivery of growth factors or other biologics for optimal wound healing, are also suggested. We believe that this paper will inform researchers about the current status of the use of injectable haemostatic hydrogels for noncompressible haemorrhage and spark new ideas for those striving to propel this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Wang
- Institution of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinran Yang
- Institution of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguang Sun
- Institution of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqin Guo
- Institution of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjiao Teng
- Institution of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institution of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Institution of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Institution of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
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Yang Z, Chen L, Liu J, Zhuang H, Lin W, Li C, Zhao X. Short Peptide Nanofiber Biomaterials Ameliorate Local Hemostatic Capacity of Surgical Materials and Intraoperative Hemostatic Applications in Clinics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301849. [PMID: 36942893 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Short designer self-assembling peptide (dSAP) biomaterials are a new addition to the hemostat group. It may provide a diverse and robust toolbox for surgeons to integrate wound microenvironment with much safer and stronger hemostatic capacity than conventional materials and hemostatic agents. Especially in noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH), diffuse mucosal surface bleeding, and internal medical bleeding (IMB), with respect to the optimal hemostatic formulation, dSAP biomaterials are the ingenious nanofiber alternatives to make bioactive neural scaffold, nasal packing, large mucosal surface coverage in gastrointestinal surgery (esophagus, gastric lesion, duodenum, and lower digestive tract), epicardiac cell-delivery carrier, transparent matrix barrier, and so on. Herein, in multiple surgical specialties, dSAP-biomaterial-based nano-hemostats achieve safe, effective, and immediate hemostasis, facile wound healing, and potentially reduce the risks in delayed bleeding, rebleeding, post-operative bleeding, or related complications. The biosafety in vivo, bleeding indications, tissue-sealing quality, surgical feasibility, and local usability are addressed comprehensively and sequentially and pursued to develop useful surgical techniques with better hemostatic performance. Here, the state of the art and all-round advancements of nano-hemostatic approaches in surgery are provided. Relevant critical insights will inspire exciting investigations on peptide nanotechnology, next-generation biomaterials, and better promising prospects in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane Biology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hua Zhuang
- Department of Ultrasonography, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Women and Children Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane Biology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Yang K, Wei W, Gao LT, Zhao XY, Liu Z, Li J, Li H, Miyatake H, Ito Y, Chen YM. Dynamic and self-biodegradable polysaccharide hydrogel stores embryonic stem cell construct under ambient condition. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1169124. [PMID: 37251573 PMCID: PMC10219609 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1169124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper microenvironment is critical for the storage and transportation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). To mimic a dynamic 3D microenvironment as it exists in vivo and consider "off-the-shelf" availability reaching the destination, we proposed an alternative approach that allows for facile storage and transportation of stem cells in the form of ESCs-dynamic hydrogel construct (CDHC) under ambient conditions. To form CDHC, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were in-situ encapsulated within a polysaccharide-based dynamic and self-biodegradable hydrogel. After storing CDHC in a sterile and hermetic environment for 3 days and then transferring to a sealed vessel with fresh medium for another 3 days, the large and compact colonies retained a 90% survival rate and pluripotency. Furthermore, after transporting and arriving at the destination, the encapsulated stem cell could be automatically released from the self-biodegradable hydrogel. After continuous cultivation of 15 generations of retrieved cells, automatically released from the CDHC, the mESCs underwent 3D encapsulation, storage, transportation, release, and continuous long-term subculture; resumed colony forming capacity and pluripotency were revealed by stem cell markers both in protein and mRNA levels. We believe that the dynamic and self-biodegradable hydrogel provides a simple, cost-effective, and valuable tool for storing and transporting "ready-to-use" CDHC under ambient conditions, facilitating "off-the-shelf" availability and widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Ting Gao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Yi Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Haopeng Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hideyuki Miyatake
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Yong Mei Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
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Zhou Y, Li Q, Wu Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Liang H, Ding F, Hong S, Steinmetz NF, Cai H. Molecularly Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembled Peptide Nanoparticles for Targeted Imaging and Therapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8004-8025. [PMID: 37079378 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly has emerged as an extensively used method for constructing biomaterials with sizes ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Peptides have been extensively investigated for self-assembly. They are widely applied owing to their desirable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable architecture. The development of peptide-based nanoparticles often requires complex synthetic processes involving chemical modification and supramolecular self-assembly. Stimuli-responsive peptide nanoparticles, also termed "smart" nanoparticles, capable of conformational and chemical changes in response to stimuli, have emerged as a class of promising materials. These smart nanoparticles find a diverse range of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, diagnostics, and biosensors. Stimuli-responsive systems include external stimuli (such as light, temperature, ultrasound, and magnetic fields) and internal stimuli (such as pH, redox environment, salt concentration, and biomarkers), facilitating the generation of a library of self-assembled biomaterials for biomedical imaging and therapy. Thus, in this review, we mainly focus on peptide-based nanoparticles built by self-assembly strategy and systematically discuss their mechanisms in response to various stimuli. Furthermore, we summarize the diverse range of biomedical applications of peptide-based nanomaterials, including diagnosis and therapy, to demonstrate their potential for medical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Southern Medical University, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Sheng Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, Department of Biongineering, Department of Radiology, Moores Cancer Center, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hui Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, 66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Huo Y, Hu J, Yin Y, Liu P, Cai K, Ji W. Self-Assembling Peptide-Based Functional Biomaterials. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200582. [PMID: 36346708 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptides can self-assemble into various hierarchical nanostructures through noncovalent interactions and form functional materials exhibiting excellent chemical and physical properties, which have broad applications in bio-/nanotechnology. The self-assembly mechanism, self-assembly morphology of peptide supramolecular architecture and their various applications, have been widely explored which have the merit of biocompatibility, easy preparation, and controllable functionality. Herein, we introduce the latest research progress of self-assembling peptide-based nanomaterials and review their applications in biomedicine and optoelectronics, including tissue engineering, anticancer therapy, biomimetic catalysis, energy harvesting. We believe that this review will inspire the rational design and development of novel peptide-based functional bio-inspired materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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