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Xiang M, Guo Q, Liu Y, Zhang G, Liao C, Xiao L, Xiang M, Long S, Long Q, Guan X, Liu J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances the osteogenic potential of PDLSCs-derived extracellular vesicles through COMP/PI3K/AKT. FASEB J 2025; 39:e70299. [PMID: 39792132 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202402463r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2024] [Revised: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in bone regeneration is noteworthy; however, their clinical application is impeded by low yield and limited efficacy. This study investigated the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the therapeutic efficacy of EVs derived from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and preliminarily explored its mechanism. PDLSCs were cultured with osteogenic media and stimulated with or without LIPUS, and then EVs and LIPUS-stimulated EVs (L-EVs) were isolated separately. We investigated the biological characteristics and effects of these two EVs on cell proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and bone regeneration in vivo and in vitro, and explored the potential mechanism by analyzing protein profiles. LIPUS significantly stimulated the secretion of PDLSCs-EVs, and L-EVs exhibited stronger efficacy in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, thereby enhancing new bone formation. LIPUS stimulation affected the protein profile of PDLSCs-EVs, and 42 proteins were upregulated and 4 proteins downregulated in L-EVs when compared with EVs. LIPUS significantly upregulated the level of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in EVs, which enhanced EVs' osteogenic ability via the PI3K/AKT pathway. This study proposes that LIPUS has potential as an optimization method for enhancing the therapeutic effects of EVs in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Xiang
- GuiZhou University Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiushuang Guo
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Gengchao Zhang
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Linlin Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Meiling Xiang
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Sicen Long
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- GuiZhou University Medical College, Guiyang, China
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Rahman MA, Shaikh MH, Gupta RD, Siddika N, Shaikh MS, Zafar MS, Kim B, Hoque Apu E. Advancements in Autophagy Modulation for the Management of Oral Disease: A Focus on Drug Targets and Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2645. [PMID: 39595208 PMCID: PMC11591969 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intrinsic breakdown system that recycles organelles and macromolecules, which influences metabolic pathways, differentiation, and thereby cell survival. Oral health is an essential component of integrated well-being, and it is critical for developing therapeutic interventions to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of oral homeostasis. However, because of the complex dynamic relationship between autophagy and oral health, associated treatment modalities have not yet been well elucidated. Determining how autophagy affects oral health at the molecular level may enhance the understanding of prevention and treatment of targeted oral diseases. At the molecular level, hard and soft oral tissues develop because of complex interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Aging contributes to the progression of various oral disorders including periodontitis, oral cancer, and periapical lesions during aging. Autophagy levels decrease with age, thus indicating a possible association between autophagy and oral disorders with aging. In this review, we critically review various aspects of autophagy and their significance in the context of various oral diseases including oral cancer, periapical lesions, periodontal conditions, and candidiasis. A better understanding of autophagy and its underlying mechanisms can guide us to develop new preventative and therapeutic strategies for the management of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mushfiq Hassan Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada;
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Rajat Das Gupta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Nazeeba Siddika
- Oral Health Sciences Division, College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA;
| | - Muhammad Saad Shaikh
- Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- School of Dentistry, Jordan University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1-5 Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
- Centre for International Public Health and Environmental Research, Bangladesh (CIPHER,B), Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Radermacher C, Craveiro RB, Jahnen-Dechent W, Beier JP, Bülow A, Wolf M, Neuss S. Impact of compression forces on different mesenchymal stem cell types regarding orthodontic indication. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:1028-1039. [PMID: 39181541 PMCID: PMC11465164 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential of stem cells, for example upper periodontal ligament stem cells from the maxilla (u-PDLSC) and from the mandible (l-PDLSC), adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC), and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC), with respect to periodontal remodeling and orthodontic treatment is of great importance. In this work, we focus on the comprehensive adaptability of different stem cell types to mechanical forces with the aim to better understanding cell behavior and to refine a new mechanistic approach to investigate periodontal remodeling. We comprehensively analyze stem cells and observe distinct morphological and proliferation changes under compression in dependence on stem cell type. The cell signaling of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B, also called AKT, and their respective phosphorylation shows diverse responses to compression. Additionally, vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor secretion were reduced under mechanical stress in all cell types, with cell-specific variations. Osteoprotegerin secretion was reduced under compression, particularly in u-PDLSC. At least, diverse soluble receptors of NF-kB-ligand secretion patterns among cell types under pressure were observed, providing crucial insights into bone metabolism. These findings offer a deeper understanding of the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells under mechanical stimuli, highlighting their roles in bone remodeling, wound healing, and tissue regeneration in orthodontic and regenerative medicine contexts. Our results underscore the potential of u-PDLSC, l-PDLSC, and AD-MSC in periodontal regeneration, with AD-MSC showing notable resilience under compression, indicating its promising role for further investigation for orthodontic research. While these findings are encouraging, further research is essential to fully comprehend the mechanism of stem cell-based periodontal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Radermacher
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rogerio B Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department for Plastic Surgery, Hand, and Burn Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Astrid Bülow
- Department for Plastic Surgery, Hand, and Burn Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Biointerface Laboratory, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Xu B, Peng C, Du Y, Li Q, Yang K. Effect of autophagy on aging-related changes in orthodontic tooth movement in rats. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:785. [PMID: 38997686 PMCID: PMC11245873 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of adult orthodontic patients is increasing, and studies have shown that autophagy is involved in regulating orthodontic tooth movement and plays an important role in aging-related changes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of autophagy in aging-related changes during orthodontic tooth movement by establishing a rat orthodontic tooth movement model. METHODS Forty-five 6-week-old and sixty-five 8-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to represent adolescents and adults and establish orthodontic tooth movement model. They were sacrificed on days 0,1,3,7 and 14. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were applied to measure the expression level of osteogenesis, autophagy, aging factors and osteoclast number in periodontal membrane of left upper first molar during orthodontic tooth movement. Then, we regulated the autophagy level by injecting autophagy activator rapamycin during orthodontic tooth movement and measured these factors and tooth movement distance by micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Aging factor levels in the periodontal membrane were higher in adult rats than in adolescent rats and the autophagy factor levels were lower. The levels of osteogenic factors were lower on the tension side in adult rats than in adolescent rats. The peak osteoclast number on the pressure side occurred later in adult rats than in adolescent rats. The injection of rapamycin increased autophagy, accelerated orthodontic tooth movement in adult rats, and reduced the levels of aging factors. The levels of osteogenic factors were higher and reached those in adolescent rats at some time points. The number of osteoclasts increased significantly in the early stage. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy may play a substantial role in regulating aging-related changes in orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Chuhan Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yugui Du
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tiantan Xili No. 4, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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Pan C, Lu F, Hao X, Deng X, Liu J, Sun K, Hou W, Shang X, Chi R, Guo F, Xu T. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound delays the progression of osteoarthritis by regulating the YAP-RIPK1-NF-κB axis and influencing autophagy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:286. [PMID: 38493143 PMCID: PMC10943805 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joint. As the disease progresses, patients will gradually develop symptoms such as pain, physical limitations and even disability. The risk factors for OA include genetics, gender, trauma, obesity, and age. Unfortunately, due to limited understanding of its pathological mechanism, there are currently no effective drugs or treatments to suspend the progression of osteoarthritis. In recent years, some studies found that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) may have a positive effect on osteoarthritis. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism by which LIPUS affects osteoarthritis remains unknown. It is valuable to explore the specific mechanism of LIPUS in the treatment of OA. METHODS In this study, we validated the potential therapeutic effect of LIPUS on osteoarthritis by regulating the YAP-RIPK1-NF-κB axis at both cellular and animal levels. To verify the effect of YAP on OA, the expression of YAP was knocked down or overexpressed by siRNA and plasmid in chondrocytes and adeno-associated virus was injected into the knee joint of rats. The effect of LIPUS was investigated in inflammation chondrocytes induced by IL-1β and in the post-traumatic OA model. RESULTS In this study, we observed that YAP plays an important role in the development of osteoarthritis and knocking down of YAP significantly inhibited the inflammation and alleviated cartilage degeneration. We also demonstrated that the expression of YAP was increased in osteoarthritis chondrocytes and YAP could interact with RIPK1, thereby regulating the NF-κB signal pathway and influencing inflammation. Moreover, we also discovered that LIPUS decreased the expression of YAP by restoring the impaired autophagy capacity and inhibiting the binding between YAP and RIPK1, thereby delaying the progression of osteoarthritis. Animal experiment showed that LIPUS could inhibit cartilage degeneration and alleviate the progression of OA. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that LIPUS is effective in inhibiting inflammation and cartilage degeneration and alleviate the progression of OA. As a result, our results provide new insight of mechanism by which LIPUS delays the development of osteoarthritis, offering a novel therapeutic regimen for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunran Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjie Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xingru Shang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ruimin Chi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095#, Jie-Fang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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