1
|
Danielli M, Thomas RC, Gillies CL, Lambert DG, Khunti K, Tan BK. Soluble Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 (sVAP-1) as a biomarker for pregnancy complications: A pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284412. [PMID: 37253043 PMCID: PMC10228776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) has been implicated in a wide range of clinical conditions. Moreover, serum levels are associated with disease prediction and progression in several clinical studies. There is a paucity of data on VAP-1 and pregnancy. Given the emerging role of VAP-1 in pregnancy, the aim of this study was to examine sVAP-1 as an early biomarker of pregnancy complications, especially hypertension during pregnancy. The objectives of the study are to associate sVAP-1 levels with other pregnancy complications, patient demographics and blood tests performed throughout pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a pilot study in a cohort of pregnant women (gestational week lower than 20 at the time of recruitment) attending their first antenatal ultrasound scan at the Leicester Royal Infirmary (LRI, UK). Data were both prospectively generated (from blood sample analysis) and retrospectively collected (from hospital records). RESULTS From July and October 2021, a total of 91 participants were enrolled. Using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), we found reduced serum levels of sVAP-1 in pregnant women with either pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) (310 ng/mL) or GDM (366.73 ng/mL) as compared to controls (427.44 ng/mL and 428.34 ng/mL, respectively). No significant difference was found between women with FGR compared to controls (424.32 ng/mL vs 424.52 ng/mL), and patients with any pregnancy complications compared to healthy pregnancies (421.28 ng/mL vs 428.34 ng/mL). CONCLUSION Further studies are needed to establish whether or not sVAP-1 might be considered as an early, non-invasive, and affordable biomarker to screen women who will develop PIH or GDM. Our data will aid sample size calculations for such larger studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Danielli
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Roisin C. Thomas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L. Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration–East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Bee Kang Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Role of Pericytes in Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020600. [PMID: 36831136 PMCID: PMC9953719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are perivascular multipotent cells wrapping microvascular capillaries, where they support vasculature functioning, participate in tissue regeneration, and regulate blood flow. However, recent evidence suggests that in addition to traditionally credited structural function, pericytes also manifest immune properties. In this review, we summarise recent data regarding pericytes' response to different pro-inflammatory stimuli and their involvement in innate immune responses through expression of pattern-recognition receptors. Moreover, pericytes express various adhesion molecules, thus regulating trafficking of immune cells across vessel walls. Additionally, the role of pericytes in modulation of adaptive immunity is discussed. Finally, recent reports have suggested that the interaction with cancer cells evokes immunosuppression function in pericytes, thus facilitating immune evasion and facilitating cancer proliferation and metastasis. However, such complex and multi-faceted cross-talks of pericytes with immune cells also suggest a number of potential pericyte-based therapeutic methods and techniques for cancer immunotherapy and treatment of autoimmune and auto-inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
3
|
Danielli M, Thomas RC, Quinn LM, Tan BK. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) in vascular inflammatory diseases. VASA 2022; 51:341-350. [DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Summary: Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) also known as amino oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) is a pro-inflammatory and versatile molecule with adhesive and enzymatic properties. VAP-1 is a primary amine oxidase belonging to the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) family, which catalyzes the oxidation of primary amines leading to the production of ammonium, formaldehyde, methylglyoxal, and hydrogen peroxide. VAP-1 is mainly expressed by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, adipocytes and pericytes. It is involved in a repertoire of biological functions, e.g., immune cell extravasation, angiogenesis, and vascularization. Research into VAP-1 has intensified within the last decade on its role as a novel clinical biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target of vascular inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes, neurovascular disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease), hepatic disease (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), and skin conditions (e.g., psoriasis). This is the most up-to-date and comprehensive review on VAP-1 focusing on the translational aspects of VAP-1. Compared to recent reviews, our review provides novel insights on VAP-1 and heart failure, stroke and frailty, diabetes, endometriosis, osteoarthritis, COVID-19, conjunctivitis associated systemic lupus erythematosus, hematopoietic stem cells, gliomas, treatment of colorectal cancer with a novel VAP-1 inhibitor (U-V269), promoting recovery of motor functions and habit learning with a novel VAP-1 inhibitor (PXS-4681A), and 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, a labelled peptide of Siglec-9 (a VAP-1 ligand), which appears to be a safe PET tracer for inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, we present the emerging role of VAP-1 in pregnancy as a gatekeeper of immune cells, which are critical for spiral arterial remodeling, the deficiency of which could lead to vascular disorders of pregnancy such as preeclampsia. Future research should prioritize clinical trials on VAP-1 small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, thus, maximizing the potential of VAP-1 targeted therapy as well as research into sVAP-1 as a clinical biomarker of diseases and its prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Danielli
- Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lauren Marie Quinn
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bee Kang Tan
- Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Safdar B, Wang M, Guo X, Cha C, Chun HJ, Deng Y, Dziura J, El-Khoury JM, Gorelick F, Ko AI, Lee AI, Safirstein R, Simonov M, Zhou B, Desir GV. Association of renalase with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264178. [PMID: 35259186 PMCID: PMC8903289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renalase is a secreted flavoprotein with anti-inflammatory and pro-cell survival properties. COVID-19 is associated with disordered inflammation and apoptosis. We hypothesized that blood renalase levels would correspond to severe COVID-19 and survival. In this retrospective cohort study, clinicopathologic data and blood samples were collected from hospitalized COVID-19 subjects (March—June 2020) at a single institution tertiary hospital. Plasma renalase and cytokine levels were measured and clinical data abstracted from health records. Of 3,450 COVID-19 patients, 458 patients were enrolled. Patients were excluded if <18 years, or opted out of research. The primary composite outcome was intubation or death within 180 days. Secondary outcomes included mortality alone, intensive care unit admission, use of vasopressors, and CPR. Enrolled patients had mean age 64 years (SD±17), were 53% males, and 48% non-whites. Mean renalase levels was 14,108·4 ng/ml (SD±8,137 ng/ml). Compared to patients with high renalase, those with low renalase (< 8,922 ng/ml) were more likely to present with hypoxia, increased ICU admission (54% vs. 33%, p < 0.001), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (10% vs. 4%, p = 0·023). In Cox proportional hazard model, every 1000 ng/ml increase in renalase decreased the risk of death or intubation by 5% (HR 0·95; 95% CI 0·91–0·98) and increased survival alone by 6% (HR 0·95; CI 0·90–0·98), after adjusting for socio-demographics, initial disease severity, comorbidities and inflammation. Patients with high renalase-low IL-6 levels had the best survival compared to other groups (p = 0·04). Renalase was independently associated with reduced intubation and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Future studies should assess the pathophysiological relevance of renalase in COVID-19 disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basmah Safdar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Melinda Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiaojia Guo
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- VA CT HealthCare, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charles Cha
- Department of Surgery, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hyung J. Chun
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Yale Center of Analytics Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - James Dziura
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Center of Analytics Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Joe M. El-Khoury
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Fred Gorelick
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Center of Analytics Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Alfred I. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Robert Safirstein
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- VA CT HealthCare, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Michael Simonov
- Yale Center of Analytics Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bin Zhou
- Yale Center of Analytics Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gary V. Desir
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- VA CT HealthCare, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vascular adhesion protein-1 and microvascular diabetic complications. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:40-46. [PMID: 35001320 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a bifunctional protein that has the ability to catalyze the deamination of primary amines and is involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). VAP-1 is usually stored in intracellular vesicles of endothelial cells, smooth muscles, and adipocytes. It is responsible for leukocyte transmigration and adhesion. Overexpression of VAP-1 exacerbates oxidative stress and modulates a variety of inflammatory mediators linked with diabetic complications. Numerous studies have suggested the association of increased insulin levels with serum VAP-1 (sVAP-1). Preclinical research evidence suggests the increased activity of sVAP-1 in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Scientific reports on VAP-1 inhibitors have shown a reduction in severity in diabetic animal models. VAP-1 is a potential target of a therapeutically effective line of treatment for diabetes and diabetic complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy. The primary focus of this review is the role of VAP-1 in diabetes and its associated microvascular complications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Muter J, Kong CS, Brosens JJ. The Role of Decidual Subpopulations in Implantation, Menstruation and Miscarriage. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3:804921. [PMID: 36303960 PMCID: PMC9580781 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.804921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In each menstrual cycle, the endometrium becomes receptive to embryo implantation while preparing for tissue breakdown and repair. Both pregnancy and menstruation are dependent on spontaneous decidualization of endometrial stromal cells, a progesterone-dependent process that follows rapid, oestrogen-dependent proliferation. During the implantation window, stromal cells mount an acute stress response, which leads to the emergence of functionally distinct decidual subsets, reflecting the level of replication stress incurred during the preceding proliferative phase. Progesterone-dependent, anti-inflammatory decidual cells (DeC) form a robust matrix that accommodates the conceptus whereas pro-inflammatory, progesterone-resistant stressed and senescent decidual cells (senDeC) control tissue remodelling and breakdown. To execute these functions, each decidual subset engages innate immune cells: DeC partner with uterine natural killer (uNK) cells to eliminate senDeC, while senDeC co-opt neutrophils and macrophages to assist with tissue breakdown and repair. Thus, successful transformation of cycling endometrium into the decidua of pregnancy not only requires continuous progesterone signalling but dominance of DeC over senDeC, aided by recruitment and differentiation of circulating NK cells and bone marrow-derived decidual progenitors. We discuss how the frequency of cycles resulting in imbalanced decidual subpopulations may determine the recurrence risk of miscarriage and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Muter
- Division of Biomedicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Joanne Muter
| | - Chow-Seng Kong
- Division of Biomedicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jan J. Brosens
- Division of Biomedicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|