1
|
Pavon N, Diep K, Yang F, Sebastian R, Martinez-Martin B, Ranjan R, Sun Y, Pak C. Patterning ganglionic eminences in developing human brain organoids using a morphogen-gradient-inducing device. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100689. [PMID: 38228151 PMCID: PMC10831957 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In early neurodevelopment, the central nervous system is established through the coordination of various neural organizers directing tissue patterning and cell differentiation. Better recapitulation of morphogen gradient production and signaling will be crucial for establishing improved developmental models of the brain in vitro. Here, we developed a method by assembling polydimethylsiloxane devices capable of generating a sustained chemical gradient to produce patterned brain organoids, which we termed morphogen-gradient-induced brain organoids (MIBOs). At 3.5 weeks, MIBOs replicated dorsal-ventral patterning observed in the ganglionic eminences (GE). Analysis of mature MIBOs through single-cell RNA sequencing revealed distinct dorsal GE-derived CALB2+ interneurons, medium spiny neurons, and medial GE-derived cell types. Finally, we demonstrate long-term culturing capabilities with MIBOs maintaining stable neural activity in cultures grown up to 5.5 months. MIBOs demonstrate a versatile approach for generating spatially patterned brain organoids for embryonic development and disease modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narciso Pavon
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Karmen Diep
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Feiyu Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rebecca Sebastian
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Genomics Core, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yubing Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - ChangHui Pak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Knappe E, Rudolph F, Klein C, Seibler P. Cytokine Profiling in Human iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neuronal and Microglial Cultures. Cells 2023; 12:2535. [PMID: 37947613 PMCID: PMC10650774 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, inflammation is a key component in the movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia activation as well as elevated cytokine levels were observed in the brains of PD patients, but the specific role of microglia in the disease process is unknown. Here, we generate human cellular models by differentiating iPSCs into dopaminergic neurons and microglia. We combine these cells in co-culture to perform cytokine profiling, representing the final functional outcome of various signaling pathways. For this, we used unstimulated conditions and treatment with inflammatory stressors. Importantly, only co-cultures but not the monocultures responded to IL-1β treatment suggesting co-culture-related crosstalk. Moreover, we identified the main types of released cytokines and chemokines in this model system and found a preference for the activation of the chemotaxis pathway in response to all treatments, which informs future studies on the cell-type-specific reaction to inflammatory stimulation. Finally, we detected protein level changes in PD risk factor GPNMB upon stress in microglia, further confirming the link between PD-associated genes and inflammation in human-derived cellular models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.K.); (F.R.); (C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hegde S, Garg A, Murray-Rust P, Mietchen D. Mining the literature for ethics statements: A step towards standardizing research ethics. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e94685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethical aspects of research continue to gain attention, be that in the process of proposing and planning research or performing, documenting or publishing it. One of the ways in which this trend manifests itself is the increasingly common addition of ethics statements to publications in fields like biomedicine, psychology or ethnography. Such ethics statements in publications provide the reader with a window into some of the practical yet typically hidden aspects of research ethics. As more and more publications are becoming available in full text and in machine readable formats through repositories like Europe PubMed Central, we propose to mine the literature for ethics statements and to extract information about the various aspects of research ethics that they address. The more standardized these statements are, the better the mined materials can be converted into structured and queryable information that can in turn be used to inform efforts towards higher levels of standardization in research ethics. This paper sketches out the motivation for such mining and outlines some methodological approaches that could be leveraged towards this end.
Collapse
|