Links Between N6-Methyladenosine and Tumor Microenvironments in Colorectal Cancer

Modulation of host N6-methyladenosine modification by gut microbiota in colorectal cancer

As a research hotspot in the field of molecular biology, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has made progress in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), leukemia and other cancers. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the tumour microenvironment (TME) regulates the level of m6A modification in the host and activates a series of complex epigenetic signalling pathways through interactions with CRC cells, thus affecting the progression and prognosis of CRC. However, with the diversity in the composition of TME factors, this action is reciprocal and complex. Encouragingly, some studies have experimentally revealed that the intestinal flora can alter CRC cell proliferation by directly acting on m6A and thereby altering CRC cell proliferation. This review summarizes the data, supporting the idea that the intestinal flora can influence host m6A levels through pathways such as methyl donor metabolism and thus affect the progression of CRC. We also review the role of m6A modification in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic assessment of CRC and discuss the current status, limitations, and potential clinical value of m6A modification in this field. We propose that additional in-depth research on m6A alterations in CRC patients and their TME-related targeted therapeutic issues will lead to better therapeutic outcomes for CRC patients.

Interaction between N6-methyladenosine modification and the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer

The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are rapidly increasing worldwide. Recently, there has been significant attention given to N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most common mRNA modification, especially for its effects on CRC development. It is important to note that the progression of CRC would be greatly hindered without the tumor microenvironment (TME). The interaction between CRC cells and their surroundings can activate and influence complex signaling mechanisms of epigenetic changes to affect the survival of tumor cells with a malignant phenotype. Additionally, the TME is influenced by m6A regulatory factors, impacting the progression and prognosis of CRC. In this review, we describe the interactions and specific mechanisms between m6A modification and the metabolic, hypoxia, inflammatory, and immune microenvironments of CRC. Furthermore, we summarize the therapeutic role that m6A modification can play in the CRC microenvironment, and discuss the current status, limitations, and potential future directions in this field. This review aims to provide new insights into the molecular targets and theoretical foundations for the treatment of CRC.

The Role of N6-Methyladenosine in Inflammatory Diseases

N⁶-Methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most abundant epigenetic RNA modification in eukaryotes, regulating RNA metabolism (export, stability, translation, and decay) in cells through changes in the activity of writers, erasers, and readers and ultimately affecting human life or disease processes. Inflammation is a response to infection and injury in various diseases and has therefore attracted significant attention. Currently, extensive evidence indicates that m⁶A plays an essential role in inflammation. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of m⁶A in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorder, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, and pathogen-induced inflammation, as well as its possible role as targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

RNA Modifications Meet Tumors

RNA modifications occur through the whole process of gene expression regulation, including transcription, translation, and post-translational processes. They are closely associated with gene expression, RNA stability, and cell cycle. RNA modifications in tumor cells play a vital role in tumor development and metastasis, changes in the tumor microenvironment, drug resistance in tumors, construction of tumor cell-cell "internet", etc. Several types of RNA modifications have been identified to date and have various effects on the biological characteristics of different tumors. In this review, we discussed the function of RNA modifications, including N 6-methyladenine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N 7-methyladenosine (m7G), N 1-methyladenosine (m1A), pseudouridine (Ψ), and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I), in the microenvironment and therapy of solid and liquid tumors.

The Potential Value of m6A RNA Methylation in the Development of Cancers Focus on Malignant Glioma

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that has emerged in the last few years and has received increasing attention as the most abundant internal RNA modification in eukaryotic cells. m6A modifications affect multiple aspects of RNA metabolism, and m6A methylation has been shown to play a critical role in the progression of multiple cancers through a variety of mechanisms. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which m6A RNA methylation induced peripheral cancer cell progression and its potential role in the infiltration of immune cell of the glioblastoma microenvironment and novel immunotherapy. Assessing the pattern of m6A modification in glioblastoma will contribute to improving our understanding of microenvironmental infiltration and novel immunotherapies, and help in developing immunotherapeutic strategies.