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Xiao L, Li J, Liao J, Wu M, Lu X, Li J, Zeng Y. BCL2A1‑ and G0S2‑driven neutrophil extracellular traps: A protective mechanism linking preeclampsia to reduced breast cancer risk. Oncol Rep 2025; 53:64. [PMID: 40242964 PMCID: PMC12030921 DOI: 10.3892/or.2025.8897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia has been associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer (BC), but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. It has been suggested that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are released upon neutrophil activation, play a key role in both preeclampsia and BC. To investigate this link, the single‑cell RNA sequencing dataset GSE173193 was analyzed and upregulated genes BCL2A1 and G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) were identified in neutrophils from preeclamptic placentas. These findings were validated using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Combined analyses of preeclampsia and BC tissues, from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE24129) and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases respectively, identified 2,040 upregulated differentially expressed genes, including BCL2A1 and G0S2. Furthermore, these genes showed clinical relevance to BC, as demonstrated by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, survival analyses and weighted gene co‑expression network analysis. Functional experiments revealed that overexpression of BCL2A1 and G0S2 increased NET release and inhibited BC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. The present study provides novel insights into the shared molecular pathways of preeclampsia and BC, emphasizing NETs as a potential protective mechanism as increased NET production in preeclampsia may contribute to a reduced BC risk by influencing tumor progression and offer avenues for further research into therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jiahao Liao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiujing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jiehua Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yachang Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Park JH, Yoo KC, Lee SB, Park M, Kim HB, Kang M, Choi SP, Kim JW, Park S, Jang WI, Lee HJ, Shim S, Jang H. AZD 9668, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, promotes wound healing in the irradiated skin by inhibiting NET-derived vascular dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2025; 159:114860. [PMID: 40403508 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2025] [Revised: 05/08/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Abstract
Despite the increasing awareness of the health risks associated with radiation exposure such as radiotherapy and accidents, effective treatments remain limited except for bone marrow damage. Radiation-induced skin damage is a critical concern as it is often accompanied by severe inflammation and delayed wound healing. Endothelial cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic target for addressing such radiation-induced damage. Neutrophils, as key mediators of the early inflammatory response, play a pivotal role in this process. The formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) is particularly noteworthy, as it may directly contribute to exacerbating vascular damage. However, studies specifically exploring the role of NETs in radiation-induced skin injury and their impact on endothelial barrier function are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of AZD9668, an orally administered NE inhibitor, as a therapeutic agent to mitigate NET-induced endothelial and skin damage. Irradiated skin showed increased neutrophil infiltration, NET formation, and vascular permeability in the mouse model. Neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor, AZD9668, decreased NET formation and NET-derived NE activity. And AZD9668 treatment restored endothelial dysfunction and regulated antioxidative factors in NET-treated irradiated HUVECs. In mouse model of radiation-induced skin injury, oral administration of AZD9668 improved endothelial tight junction expression, vascular leakage, and inflammatory reaction. Therefore, skin wound healing accelerated in the AZD9668-treated group. This study highlights the critical role of NET in radiation-induced skin damage and endothelial barrier disruption, addressing a previously underexplored area. AZD9668 effectively mitigated radiation-induced damage by preventing NET formation, preserving tight junction integrity, and reducing inflammation. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of NET and NET-derived NE in the management of radiation-induced vascular and skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chun Yoo
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Mineon Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byul Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Pil Choi
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- College of Veterinary medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Yuan Y, Sun C, Liu X, Hu L, Wang Z, Li X, Zhang J, Li D, Zhang X, Wu M, Liu L. The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Atherosclerosis: From the Molecular to the Clinical Level. J Inflamm Res 2025; 18:4421-4433. [PMID: 40162077 PMCID: PMC11955173 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s507330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that is typified by the deposition of lipids and the subsequent inflammation of medium and large arteries. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are fibrous meshworks of DNA, histones, and granzymes expelled by activated neutrophils in response to a variety of pathogenic conditions. In addition to their role in pathogen eradication, NETs have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis. This article presents a review of the bidirectional interactions in which atherosclerosis-related risk factors stimulate the formation of NETs, which in turn support disease progression. This article emphasizes the involvement of NETs in the various stages of atherogenesis and development, influencing multiple factors such as the vascular endothelium, platelets, the inflammatory milieu, and lipid metabolism. The findings of this study offer new insights and avenues for further investigation into the processes underlying the formation and regulation of the vascular inflammatory microenvironment in atherosclerosis. Finally, potential targeted therapeutic strategies for NETs are discussed to facilitate their progression to clinical practice (Graphical Abstract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changxin Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dexiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang W, Cui L, Zhang Y, He Y, Li X, Wang Y, Jiao J, Peng D, Jin M, Xiao C. Pilot Exploration of RGMa-BMP4 Signaling in Neutrophil Activation in NMOSD: Integrating Clinical and Molecular Insights. Mol Neurobiol 2025:10.1007/s12035-025-04840-6. [PMID: 40087219 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-025-04840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a disabling autoimmune disease. Neutrophil activation plays a crucial role in the neuroinflammatory damage observed during disease exacerbations. This study aims to elucidate the potential role of the repulsive guidance molecule A-bone morphogenetic protein 4 (RGMa-BMP4) signaling pathway in neutrophil activation during NMOSD attacks. We employed transcriptomic sequencing, quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis on peripheral blood samples from NMOSD patients in acute and remission phases. Additionally, an NMO rat model was established to investigate in vivo molecular mechanisms, focusing on key signaling molecules, including RGMa, BMP4, and SMADs. Transcriptomic analysis identified five genes associated with NMOSD pathogenesis or neutrophil activation, with RGMA, EGFR, and HLA-DOB showing the most significant differences. RT-qPCR confirmed elevated levels of RGMA, BMP4, and SMADs in the acute phase. Flow cytometry and Western blotting demonstrated an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of SMAD4 protein in neutrophils from acute-phase NMOSD patients. In the NMO rat model, we observed significant upregulation of RGMA, BMP4, and SMAD4 mRNA in brain and spinal cord tissues, along with enhanced nuclear translocation of SMAD4 protein. Furthermore, there was a marked increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) mRNA expression, a marker of neutrophil activation, in both brain and spinal cord tissues in the model group. Our findings indicate that the RGMa-BMP4 signaling pathway likely plays a key role in neutrophil-mediated neuroinflammation during NMOSD attacks. These results suggest potential therapeutic targets within this pathway, warranting further investigation into their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yeqiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinsong Jiao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Xu L, Zhou S, Li J, Yu W, Gao W, Luo H, Fang X. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Formononetin, an Active Constituent of Pueraria montana Var. Lobata, via Modulation of Macrophage Autophagy and Polarization. Molecules 2025; 30:196. [PMID: 39795251 PMCID: PMC11721999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S.M.Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep (P. lobata) is a medicinal herb widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and studies have shown that P. lobata possesses significant anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities. In this paper, a total of 16 compounds were isolated and identified from P. lobata, among which compounds 1-3, 7, 14, and 16 were isolated from P. lobata for the first time. The results of an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity screening assay showed that compounds 1, 4, 6, 8, and 15 were able to significantly reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, with the most obvious effect produced by compound 6 (formononetin), while formononetin was able to significantly reduce the number of macrophages at the site of inflammation in transgenic zebrafish. In addition, network pharmacological analysis revealed that the anti-inflammatory activity of formononetin is closely related to autophagy and polarization targets such as TNF, EGFR, PTGS2, and ESR1. In vitro validation experiments showed that formononetin could enhance the expression of LCII/LCI and reduce the expression of P62 protein, reduce the expression of CD86, and enhance the expression of CD206, which further indicated that formononetin could reduce inflammation by regulating macrophage autophagy and polarization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (L.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (W.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (L.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (W.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (L.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (W.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (L.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (W.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Wenyi Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (L.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (W.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (L.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (W.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (L.X.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (W.Y.)
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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6
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Wang Y, Wang C, Li J. Neutrophil extracellular traps: a catalyst for atherosclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:3213-3227. [PMID: 38401035 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are network-like structures released by activated neutrophils. They consist mainly of double-stranded DNA, histones, and neutrophil granule proteins. Continuous release of NETs in response to external stimuli leads to activation of surrounding platelets and monocytes/macrophages, resulting in damage to endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Some clinical trials have demonstrated the association between NETs and the severity and prognosis of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, experimental findings have shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which NETs contribute to atherogenesis. NETs play a significant role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. This review focuses on recent advancements in the understanding of the relationship between NETs and atherosclerosis. It explores various aspects, including the formation of NETs in atherosclerosis, clinical trials investigating NET-induced atherosclerosis, the mechanisms by which NETs promote atherogenesis, and the translational implications of NETs. Ultimately, we aim to propose new research directions for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Malavez-Cajigas SJ, Marini-Martinez FI, Lacourt-Ventura M, Rosario-Pacheco KJ, Ortiz-Perez NM, Velazquez-Perez B, De Jesús-Rojas W, Chertow DS, Strich JR, Ramos-Benítez MJ. HL-60 cells as a valuable model to study LPS-induced neutrophil extracellular traps release. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36386. [PMID: 39262993 PMCID: PMC11388390 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) present a paradoxical role in infectious diseases, contributing to both immunity and pathogenesis. The complex nature of this process necessitates further characterization to elucidate its clinical implications. However, studying NETs faces challenges with primary neutrophils due to their heterogeneity, short lifespan, and lack of adequate cryopreservation. Researchers often turn to alternative models, such as differentiated HL-60 cells (dHL-60). This study explored LPS-induced NETs formation in dHL-60 cells, revealing significant responses to LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, although significantly lower than primary neutrophils. Moreover, Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) inhibition with R406, the active metabolite of the drug Fostamatinib, previously demonstrated to suppress NETs in primary neutrophils, effectively reduced NETs release in dHL-60 cells. dHL-60 cells, offering easier manipulation, consistent availability, and no donor variability in functional responses, possess characteristics suitable for high-throughput studies evaluating NETosis. Overall, dHL-60 cells may be a valuable in vitro model for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of NETosis in response to LPS, contributing to our available tools for understanding this complex immune process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Natalia M Ortiz-Perez
- Ponce Health Sciences University & Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel S Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strich
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Marcos J Ramos-Benítez
- Ponce Health Sciences University & Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716, USA
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Zhang P, Cui D, Zhang P, Wang H, Hao Y, Ma J, Li Q, Zhang A, Li D, Li X. Correlation between blood inflammatory indices and carotid intima-media thickness in the middle-aged and elderly adults. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107715. [PMID: 38608824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the correlations between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and systemic immune inflammation index (SII), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study enrolling a total of 582 middle-aged and elderly patients. The correlations between SII, PLR, and NLR with IMT were assessed using logistic regression models, which were subsequently incorporated into the underlying models with traditional risk factors and their predictive values for IMT. RESULTS NLR exhibited a significant correlation with IMT in the simple regression analysis (β = 0.01, 95 %CI= 0.00-0.02, p < 0.05). After controlling for potential confounding variables in the multivariate analysis, the association between NLR and both Maximum IMT [β = 0.04, 95 %CI = 0.02-0.07, p = 0.0006] and Mean IMT [β = 0.05, 95 %CI = 0.02-0.07, p = 0.0001] remained statistically significant. Additionally, PLR was found to be a significant independent predictor of Maximum IMT [β = 0.04, 95 % CI =0.00-0.07, p = 0.0242] and Mean IMT [β = 0.04, 95 % CI = 0.01-0.07, p = 0.0061]. Similarly, SII was identified as an independent predictor of Maximum IMT [β = 1.87, 95 % CI =1.24, p = 0.0003]. The study found a significant positive correlation between Maximum IMT and the levels NLR, PLR, and SII. Specifically, in the Maximum IMT group, higher quartiles of NLR, PLR, and SII were associated with increased odds ratios (OR) for elevated IMT levels, with statistically significant results for NLR (Q4vsQ1: OR 3.87, 95 % CI 1.81-8.29), PLR (Q4vsQ1: OR 2.84, 95 % CI 1.36-5.95), and SII (Q4vsQ1: OR 2.64, 95 % CI 1.30-5.37). Finally, the inclusion of NLR, PLR, and NLR+PLR+SII in the initial model with traditional risk factors resulted in a marginal improvement in the predictive ability for Maximum IMT, as evidenced by the net reclassification index (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study discovered a positive correlation between SII, PLR, NLR, and IMT, which are likely to emerge as new predictors for IMT thickening. These findings lay a theoretical reference for future predictive research and pathophysiological research on carotid intima-media thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pangpang Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dehua Cui
- Department of Neurology, Chengwu County People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Deparment, the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yongnan Hao
- Department of Emergency Stroke, the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Daojing Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
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Ibrahim N, Eilenberg W, Neumayer C, Brostjan C. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cardiovascular and Aortic Disease: A Narrative Review on Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3983. [PMID: 38612791 PMCID: PMC11012109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), composed of DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins, are released by neutrophils in response to pathogens but are also recognized for their involvement in a range of pathological processes, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. This review explores the intricate roles of NETs in different cardiovascular conditions such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, COVID-19, and particularly in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. We elucidate the mechanisms underlying NET formation and function, provide a foundational understanding of their biological significance, and highlight the contribution of NETs to inflammation, thrombosis, and tissue remodeling in vascular disease. Therapeutic strategies for preventing NET release are compared with approaches targeting components of formed NETs in cardiovascular disease. Current limitations and potential avenues for clinical translation of anti-NET treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christine Brostjan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, University Hospital Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.I.); (W.E.); (C.N.)
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10
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Ishida M, Sakai C, Kobayashi Y, Ishida T. Cigarette Smoking and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:189-200. [PMID: 38220184 PMCID: PMC10918046 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular health, particularly atherosclerosis and thrombosis, are well established, and more detailed mechanisms continue to emerge. As the fundamental pathophysiology of the adverse effects of smoking, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and thrombosis are considered to be particularly important. Cigarette smoke induces endothelial dysfunction, leading to impaired vascular dilation and hemostasis regulation. Factors contributing to endothelial dysfunction include reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide, increased levels of superoxide anion, and endothelin release. Chronic inflammation of the vascular wall is a central pathogenesis of smoking-induced atherosclerosis. Smoking systemically elevates inflammatory markers and induces the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines in various tissues. Pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns play crucial roles in the mechanism underlying smoking-induced inflammation. Smoking-induced DNA damage and activation of innate immunity, such as the NLRP3 inflammasome, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, and Toll-like receptor 9, are shown to amplify inflammatory cytokine expression. Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation influence platelet adhesion, aggregation, and coagulation via adhesion molecule upregulation. Furthermore, it affects the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis balance, causing thrombus formation. Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to plaque vulnerability and atherothrombotic events. The impact of smoking on inflammatory cells and adhesion molecules further intensifies the risk of atherothrombosis. Collectively, exposure to cigarette smoke exerts profound effects on endothelial function, inflammation, and thrombosis, contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate mechanisms highlights the urgent need for smoking cessation to protect cardiovascular health. This comprehensive review investigates the multifaceted mechanisms through which smoking contributes to these life-threatening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chiemi Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Himcinschi ME, Uscatescu V, Gherghe G, Stoian I, Vlad A, Popa DC, Coriu D, Anghel A. The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Outcome of Malignant Epitheliomas: Significance of CA215 Involvement. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:328. [PMID: 38337844 PMCID: PMC10855654 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were originally discovered as a part of the innate immune response of the host to bacteria. They form a web-like structure that can immobilize microorganisms or exhibit direct antimicrobial properties, such as releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). NETs are established when neutrophils undergo a sort of cellular death following exposure to ROS, chemokines, cytokines, or other soluble factors. This process results in the release of the neutrophil's DNA in a web-like form, which is decorated with citrullinated histones (H3/H4-cit), neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Emerging studies have put into perspective that NETs play an important role in oncology as they were shown to influence tumor growth, malignant initiation, and proliferation, mediate the transition from endothelial to mesenchymal tissue, stimulate angiogenesis or metastasis, and can even help cancer cells evade the immune response. The role of NETs in cancer therapy resides in their ability to form and act as a mechanical barrier that will provide the primary tumor with a reduced response to irradiation or pharmaceutical penetration. Subsequently, cancer cells are shown to internalize NETs and use them as a strong antioxidant when pharmaceutical treatment is administered. In this review, we explored the role of NETs as part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), in the context of malignant epitheliomas, which are capable of an autonomous production of CA215, a subvariant of IgG, and part of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) superfamily. Studies have shown that CA215 has a functional Fc subdivision able to activate the Fc-gamma-RS receptor on the surface of neutrophils. This activation may afterward stimulate the production of NETs, thus indicating CA215 as a potential factor in cancer therapy surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Emanuel Himcinschi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.E.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Valentina Uscatescu
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Georgiana Gherghe
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Irina Stoian
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adelina Vlad
- Department of Functional Sciences I/Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Codruța Popa
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Daniel Coriu
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania (D.C.)
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Discipline of Biochemistry, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.E.H.); (A.A.)
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Yuan C, Yin W, Wang B, Ding Y. The expression of autophagy markers in IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease and the establishment of prediction model. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:642. [PMID: 38114939 PMCID: PMC10729374 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to find early predictors of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)-Resistant Kawasaki Disease. METHODS Patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease were enrolled in this study. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of patients in both groups before IVIG treatment. Independent predictors of Intravenous Immunoglobulin-Resistant Kawasaki Disease were analyzed, and a prediction model for children with Intravenous Immunoglobulin-Resistant Kawasaki Disease was constructed. RESULTS A total of 108 children (67 males and 41 females) with IVIG-sensitive Kawasaki disease and 31 children (20 males and 11 females) with IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease participated in this study. Compared with the IVIG-sensitive group, the duration of hospitalization, ALT, AST, GLB, r-GT, IgG, PCT, and ESR was elevated in the IVIG-resistant KD group, and ATG16L1, LC3II, BECN1, RBC, HGB, ALB, A/G, and CK were significantly lower (P < 0.05). mRNA expression of ESR, BECN1, and LC3II were independent risk factors for IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease. A logistic regression model and scoring system were established, and the cut-off values of independent risk factors were derived from ROC curves: ESR ≥ 79.5 mm/h, BECN1 ≤ 0.645, LC3II ≤ 0.481. A new scoring system was established according to the respective regression coefficients as follows: ESR ≥ 79.5 mm/h (1 point), BECN1 ≤ 0.645 (1 point). LC3II ≤ 0.481 (2 points), 0-1 as low risk for IVIG non-response, and ≥ 2 as high risk. Applied to this group of study subjects, the sensitivity was 87.10%, specificity 83.33%, Youden index 0.70, AUC 0.9. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy markers ATG16L1, BECN1, and LC3II are down-regulated in the expression of IVIG -resistant KD. ESR, BECN1, and LC3II mRNAs are independent risk factors for IVIG-resistant KD and may be involved in the development of IVIG-resistant KD. This study established a new model that can be used to predict IVIG-resistant KD, and future validation in a larger population is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Yali Wu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Department of Digestive System, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, China.
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Liu Y, Wang R, Song C, Ding S, Zuo Y, Yi K, Li N, Wang B, Geng Q. Crosstalk between neutrophil extracellular traps and immune regulation: insights into pathobiology and therapeutic implications of transfusion-related acute lung injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1324021. [PMID: 38162674 PMCID: PMC10755469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-associated death, occurring during or within 6 hours after transfusion. Reports indicate that TRALI can be categorized as having or lacking acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk factors. There are two types of TRALI in terms of its pathogenesis: antibody-mediated and non-antibody-mediated. The key initiation steps involve the priming and activation of neutrophils, with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) being established as effector molecules formed by activated neutrophils in response to various stimuli. These NETs contribute to the production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and participate in the destruction of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. The significant role of NETs in TRALI is well recognized, offering a potential pathway for TRALI treatment. Moreover, platelets, macrophages, endothelial cells, and complements have been identified as promoters of NET formation. Concurrently, studies have demonstrated that the storage of platelets and concentrated red blood cells (RBC) can induce TRALI through bioactive lipids. In this article, recent clinical and pre-clinical studies on the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of TRALI are reviewed to further illuminate the mechanism through which NETs induce TRALI. This review aims to propose new therapeutic strategies for TRALI, with the hope of effectively improving its poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Congkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Zuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Huang J, Xu S, Liu L, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhang L, Zhou X, Huang L, Peng J, Wang J, Gong Z, Chen Y. Targeted treatment of atherosclerosis with protein-polysaccharide nanoemulsion co-loaded with photosensitiser and upconversion nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2023; 31:1111-1127. [PMID: 37962293 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2284093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant cell group in atherosclerosis (AS) lesions and play a vital role in all stages of AS progression. Recent research has shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces macrophage autophagy to improve abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammatory environment. Especially in macrophage-derived foam cells, which has become a potential strategy for the treatment of AS. In this study, we prepared the conjugate (DB) of dextran (DEX) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The DB was used as the emulsifier to prepare nanoemulsion loaded with upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) (UCNPs-Ce6@DB). The DEX modified on the surface of the nanoemulsion can recognise and bind to the scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) highly expressed on macrophages and promote the uptake of macrophage-derived foam cells in AS plates through SR-A-mediated endocytosis. In addition, UCNPs-Ce6@DB-mediated PDT enhanced ROS generation and induced autophagy in macrophage-derived foam cells, enhanced the expression of ABCA1, a protein closely related to cholesterol efflux, and inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Ultimately, UCNPs-Ce6@DB was shown to inhibit plaque formation in mouse models of AS. In conclusion, UCNPs-Ce6@DB offers a promising treatment for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shan Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lina Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhuan Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianqing Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Liu J, Zhang S, Jing Y, Zou W. Neutrophil extracellular traps in intracerebral hemorrhage: implications for pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2505-2520. [PMID: 37486436 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a common neurological disease, and its pathological mechanism is complex. As the first recruited leukocyte subtype after intracerebral hemorrhage, neutrophils play an important role in tissue damage. In the past, it was considered that neutrophils performed their functions through phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and degranulation. In recent years, studies have found that neutrophils also have the function of secreting extracellular traps. Extracellular traps are fibrous structure composed of chromatin and granular proteins, which plays an important role in innate immunity. Studies have shown a large number of neutrophil extracellular traps in hematoma samples, plasma samples, and drainage samples after intracerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we summarized the related mechanisms of neutrophil external traps and injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neutrophil extracellular traps are involved in the process of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. The application of related inhibitors to inhibit the formation of neutrophil external traps or promote their dissolution can effectively alleviate the pathological damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunnan Jing
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Gu C, Pang B, Sun S, An C, Wu M, Wang N, Yuan Y, Liu G. Neutrophil extracellular traps contributing to atherosclerosis: From pathophysiology to clinical implications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1302-1312. [PMID: 37452714 PMCID: PMC10625340 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231184217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are network-like structures of chromatin filaments decorated by histones, granules, and cytoplasmic-derived proteins expelled by activated neutrophils under multiple pathogenic conditions. NETs not only capture pathogens in innate immunity but also respond to sterile inflammatory stimuli in atherosclerosis, such as lipoproteins and inflammatory cytokines. Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation and transformation of inflammatory cells, and smooth muscle cells in the intimal space. NETs-derived extracellular components possess toxic and proinflammatory properties leading to cellular dysfunction and tissue damage, which may establish a link among lipid metabolism, inflammatory immunity, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding the role of NETs engaged in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, particularly focusing on the interaction with lipids and inflammasomes, crosstalk with smooth muscle cells and inflammatory cells, and the association with aging. We also evaluate the current knowledge on the potential of NETs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis and its related diseases in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Gu
- Department of Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shipeng Sun
- Department of Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cheng An
- Department of Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Southern District of Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Yuliang Yuan
- Department of Laboratory, Southern District of Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 102618, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Yang X, Ma Y, Chen X, Zhu J, Xue W, Ning K. Mechanisms of neutrophil extracellular trap in chronic inflammation of endothelium in atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2023:121867. [PMID: 37348812 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a primary cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. In addition, atherosclerosis (AS)-caused cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in human diseases, and almost two billion people suffer from carotid AS worldwide. AS is caused by chronic inflammation of the arterial vessel and is initiated by dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells. Neutrophils protect against pathogen invasion because they function as a component of the innate immune system. However, the contribution of neutrophils to cardiovascular disease has not yet been clarified. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent an immune defense mechanism that is different from direct pathogen phagocytosis. NETs are extracellular web-like structures activated by neutrophils, and they play important roles in promoting endothelial inflammation via direct or indirect pathways. NETs consist of DNA, histones, myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinases, proteinase 3, etc. Most of the components of NETs have no direct toxic effect on endothelial cells, such as DNA, but they can damage endothelial cells indirectly. In addition, NETs play a critical role in the process of AS; therefore, it is important to clarify the mechanisms of NETs in AS because NETs are a new potential therapeutic target AS. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms of NETs in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yupeng Ma
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ke Ning
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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18
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Yan M, Gu Y, Sun H, Ge Q. Neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor progression and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135086. [PMID: 36993957 PMCID: PMC10040667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunity is a growing field of research that involves immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are neutrophil-derived extracellular web-like chromatin structures that are composed of histones and granule proteins. Initially discovered as the predominant host defense against pathogens, NETs have attracted increasing attention due to they have also been tightly associated with tumor. Excessive NET formation has been linked to increased tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. Moreover, through direct and/or indirect effects on immune cells, an abnormal increase in NETs benefits immune exclusion and inhibits T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses. In this review, we summarize the recent but rapid progress in understanding the pivotal roles of NETs in tumor and anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the most relevant challenges in the field. We believe that NETs may be a promising therapeutic target for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Meina Yan, ;
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghong Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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The Role of Neutrophils in Lower Limb Peripheral Artery Disease: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021169. [PMID: 36674682 PMCID: PMC9866688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the role of neutrophils in cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) with evidence supporting their role in the initiation, progression, and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Although these cells have long been considered as terminally differentiated cells with a relatively limited spectrum of action, recent research has revealed intriguing novel cellular functions, including neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) generation and inflammasome activation, which have been linked to several human diseases, including CVD. While most research to date has focused on the role of neutrophils in coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases, much less information is available on lower limb peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is a widespread condition associated with great morbidity and mortality, though physician and patient awareness of the disease remains low. To date, several studies have produced some evidence on the role of certain biomarkers of neutrophil activation in this clinical setting. However, the etiopathogenetic role of neutrophils, and in particular of some of the newly discovered mechanisms, has yet to be fully elucidated. In the future, complementary assessment of neutrophil activity should improve CV risk stratification and provide personalized treatments to patients with PAD. This review aims to summarize the basic principles and recent advances in the understanding of neutrophil biology, current knowledge about the role of neutrophils in atherosclerosis, as well as available evidence on their role of PAD.
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