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Arvinte A, Lungoci AL, Coroaba A, Pinteala M. Electrochemical Sensor for Tryptophan Determination Based on Trimetallic-CuZnCo-Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes. Molecules 2023; 29:28. [PMID: 38202611 PMCID: PMC10779962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The superior properties of electrodeposited trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles, arising from the synergistic effect of combining the unique features of metallic components, were confirmed using voltametric measurements. The surface morphology and structure of the as-prepared electrocatalysts were determined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Here, the trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles were synthesized as a powerful redox probe and highly efficient signal amplifier for the electrochemical oxidation of tryptophan. Differential pulse voltammetry studies showed a linear relationship with a tryptophan concentration of 5-230 μM, and the low detection limit was identified at 1.1 μM with a sensitivity of 0.1831 μA μM-1 cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Arvinte
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania (A.C.); (M.P.)
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2
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Bio-Fabrication of Trimetallic Nanoparticles and Their Applications. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are materials whose size is less than 100 nm. Because of their distinctive physical and chemical characteristics, nanoparticles have drawn considerable interest in a variety of fields. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a green and environmentally friendly technology, which requires fewer chemical reagents, precursors, and catalysts. There are various types of nanomaterials, out of which trimetallic nanoparticles are receiving considerable interest in recent years. Trimetallic nanoparticles possess unique catalytic, biomedical, antimicrobial, active food packaging, and sensing applications as compared to monometallic or bimetallic nanoparticles. Trimetallic nanoparticles are currently synthesized by various methods such as chemical reduction, microwave-assisted, thermal, precipitation, and so on. However, most of these chemical and physical methods are expensive and toxic to the environment. Biological synthesis is one of the promising methods, which includes the use of bacteria, plants, fungi, algae, waste biomass, etc., as reducing agents. Secondary metabolites present in the biological agents act as capping and reducing agents. Green trimetallic nanoparticles can be used for different applications such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, catalytic activity, etc. This review provides an overview of the synthesis of trimetallic nanoparticles using biological agents, and their applications in different areas such as anticancer, antimicrobial activity, drug delivery, catalytic activity, etc. Finally, current challenges, future prospects, and conclusions are highlighted.
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Wang L, Ore RM, Jayamaha PK, Wu ZP, Zhong CJ. Density functional theory based computational investigations on the stability of highly active trimetallic PtPdCu nanoalloys for electrochemical oxygen reduction. Faraday Discuss 2023; 242:429-442. [PMID: 36173024 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Activity, cost, and durability are the trinity of catalysis research for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). While studies towards increasing activity and reducing cost of ORR catalysts have been carried out extensively, much effort is needed in durability investigation of highly active ORR catalysts. In this work, we examined the stability of a trimetallic PtPdCu catalyst that has demonstrated high activity and incredible durability during ORR using density functional theory (DFT) based computations. Specifically, we studied the processes of dissolution/deposition and diffusion between the surface and inner layer of Cu species of Pt20Pd20Cu60 catalysts at electrode potentials up to 1.2 V to understand their role towards stabilizing Pt20Pd20Cu60 catalysts. The results show there is a dynamic Cu surface composition range that is dictated by the interplay of the four processes, dissolution, deposition, diffusion from the surface to inner layer, and diffusion from the inner layer to the surface of Cu species, in the stability and observed oscillation of lattice constants of Cu-rich PtPdCu nanoalloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichang Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Rotimi M Ore
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Peshala K Jayamaha
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Zhi-Peng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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4
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Deng X, Mu X, Luo F, Yi J, Ma X, Qian Y, Lai X. Sensitive Near-Infrared Fluorescent Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Using Glutathione-Coated Gold Nanoparticles. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2147191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulong Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fengxian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jintao Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yiping Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
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Wang K, Gu X, Zhao Q, Shao X, Xiao Y, Zhong C, Tian S, Yang B. H 2O 2/Glucose Sensor Based on a Pyrroloquinoline Skeleton-Containing Molecule Modified Gold Cavity Array Electrode. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101770. [PMID: 35630992 PMCID: PMC9144773 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
H2O2-related metabolites are essential indicators in clinical diagnosis because the accumulation of such reactive oxygen species could cause the risk of cardiovascular disease. Herein, we reported an electrochemical sensor to determine H2O2 and glucose. The pyrroloquinoline skeleton containing molecules (PQT) were used as the electrocatalyst and the gold cavity array (GCA) electrodes as the supporting electrode. The GCA electrode was fabricated by electrodeposition using high-ordered two-dimensional polystyrene spheres as the template. The strong absorbability of iodide ions (I-) displaced adventitious materials from the metal surface and the I- monolayer was subsequently removed by electrochemical oxidation to get a clean electrode surface. PQT molecules were firmly immobilized on the GCA electrode and performed an excellent electrocatalytic effect on H2O2/glucose detection, manifested by a small overpotential and a significantly increased reduction current. A good linear correlation was observed over a wide range of 0.2 μmol/L-1.0 mmol/L with the limit of detection of 0.05 μmol/L. Moreover, the sensor can realize sensitive, accurate, and the highly selective detection of actual samples, proving its application prospect in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu Tian
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (S.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bing Yang
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (S.T.); (B.Y.)
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6
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Abstract
The present review highlights the synthetic strategies and potential applications of TMNs for organic reactions, environmental remediation, and health-related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushay Hagos Gebre
- College of Natural and Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, Jigjiga University, P.O. Box, 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
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7
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Wu X, Sun Y, He T, Zhang Y, Zhang GJ, Liu Q, Chen S. Iron, Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Aerogels for Fluorescent and Electrochemical Dual-Mode Detection of Glucose. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11309-11315. [PMID: 34541858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to their effective catalytic activity and maximum atom utilization, single metal atoms dispersed in carbon matrices have found diverse applications in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, organic catalysis, and biosensing. Herein, iron is atomically dispersed into nitrogen-doped porous carbon aerogel by a facile pyrolysis procedure, and the resulting nanocomposite behaves both as a peroxidase mimic for the sensitive detection of glucose by fluorescence spectroscopy and as an effective catalyst for the electrochemical oxidation of glucose. The glucose concentration can be quantified within the millimolar to micromolar range with a limit of detection of 3.1 and 0.5 μM, respectively. Such a dual-functional detection platform also shows excellent reproducibility, stability, and selectivity, and the performance in glucose detection of clinical and artificial human body fluids is highly comparable to that of leading assays in recent studies and results from commercial sensors. Results from this study suggest that carbon aerogel-supported single atoms can be used as a dual-functional nanozyme for the construction of low-cost, high-performance dual-signal readout platforms for glucose detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzi Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Ting He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Wu Y, Darland DC, Zhao JX. Nanozymes-Hitting the Biosensing "Target". SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5201. [PMID: 34372441 PMCID: PMC8348677 DOI: 10.3390/s21155201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanozymes are a class of artificial enzymes that have dimensions in the nanometer range and can be composed of simple metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, dots (both quantum and carbon), nanotubes, nanowires, or multiple metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). They exhibit excellent catalytic activities with low cost, high operational robustness, and a stable shelf-life. More importantly, they are amenable to modifications that can change their surface structures and increase the range of their applications. There are three main classes of nanozymes including the peroxidase-like, the oxidase-like, and the antioxidant nanozymes. Each of these classes catalyzes a specific group of reactions. With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the variety of applications for nanozymes in diverse fields has expanded dramatically, with the most popular applications in biosensing. Nanozyme-based novel biosensors have been designed to detect ions, small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and cancer cells. The current review focuses on the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, their application in biosensing, and the identification of future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Diane C. Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Julia Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
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Kong J, Zheng J, Li Z, Huang J, Cao F, Zeng Q, Li F. One-pot synthesis of AuAgPd trimetallic nanoparticles with peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric assays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5383-5393. [PMID: 34235567 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, AuAgPd trimetallic nanoparticles (AuAgPd TNPs) with intrinsic and broad-spectrum peroxidase-like activity were synthesized through a one-pot method by co-reduction of HAuCl4, AgNO3, and Na2PdCl4 with NaBH4. The morphology and composition of AuAgPd TNPs were characterized. The peroxidase-like activity of AuAgPd TNPs were highly dependent on the composition and nanostructure of AuAgPd TNPs. Rationally designed AuAgPd TNPs could catalyze the oxidation of various chromogenic substrates including 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) by H2O2 to generate blue, green, and yellow products, respectively. Kinetic assays indicated that AuAgPd TNPs exhibited high affinity to H2O2. Then, sensitive colorimetric assays were developed for H2O2 detection by using ABTS, OPD, and TMB as chromogenic substrates, respectively. Lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 3.1 μM with wide linear range of 6-250 μM was obtained by using ABTS as substrate. Hydrogen sulfide ion (HS-) could effectively inhibit the peroxidase-like activity of AuAgPd TNPs. Thus, a selective colorimetric assay was further fabricated for HS- detection with LOD of 2.3 μM. This work provides an effective way for the synthesis of trimetallic nanozyme with peroxidase-like activity and also for tailoring their catalytic activity for desired use. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Kong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Zimu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Jiabao Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Fanghui Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
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Basavegowda N, Baek KH. Multimetallic Nanoparticles as Alternative Antimicrobial Agents: Challenges and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:912. [PMID: 33572219 PMCID: PMC7915418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally due to their resistance to multiple antibiotics. This has triggered initiatives to develop novel, alternative antimicrobial materials, which solve the issue of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nanotechnology using nanoscale materials, especially multimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), has attracted interest because of the favorable physicochemical properties of these materials, including antibacterial properties and excellent biocompatibility. Multimetallic NPs, particularly those formed by more than two metals, exhibit rich electronic, optical, and magnetic properties. Multimetallic NP properties, including size and shape, zeta potential, and large surface area, facilitate their efficient interaction with bacterial cell membranes, thereby inducing disruption, reactive oxygen species production, protein dysfunction, DNA damage, and killing potentiated by the host's immune system. In this review, we summarize research progress on the synergistic effect of multimetallic NPs as alternative antimicrobial agents for treating severe bacterial infections. We highlight recent promising innovations of multimetallic NPs that help overcome antimicrobial resistance. These include insights into their properties, mode of action, the development of synthetic methods, and combinatorial therapies using bi- and trimetallic NPs with other existing antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38451, Korea;
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Hydrogen Peroxide Detection by Super-Porous Hybrid CuO/Pt NP Platform: Improved Sensitivity and Selectivity. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102034. [PMID: 33076432 PMCID: PMC7602549 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A super-porous hybrid platform can offer significantly increased number of reaction sites for the analytes and thus can offer advantages in the biosensor applications. In this work, a significantly improved sensitivity and selectivity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection is demonstrated by a super-porous hybrid CuO/Pt nanoparticle (NP) platform on Si substrate as the first demonstration. The super-porous hybrid platform is fabricated by a physiochemical approach combining the physical vapor deposition of Pt NPs and electrochemical deposition of super-porous CuO structures by adopting a dynamic hydrogen bubble technique. Under an optimized condition, the hybrid CuO/Pt biosensor demonstrates a very high sensitivity of 2205 µA/mM·cm2 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 140 nM with a wide detection range of H2O2. This is meaningfully improved performance as compared to the previously reported CuO-based H2O2 sensors as well as to the other metal oxide-based H2O2 sensors. The hybrid CuO/Pt platform exhibits an excellent selectivity against other interfering molecules such as glucose, fructose, dopamine, sodium chloride and ascorbic acid. Due to the synergetic effect of highly porous CuO structures and underlying Pt NPs, the CuO/Pt architecture offers extremely abundant active sites for the H2O2 reduction and electron transfer pathways.
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Facile One-Pot Biogenic Synthesis of Cu-Co-Ni Trimetallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Dye Degradation. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules from plant extracts have gained significant interest in the synthesis of nanoparticles owing to their sustainable properties, cost efficiency, and environmental wellbeing. An eco-friendly and facile method has been developed to prepare Cu-Co-Ni trimetallic nanoparticles with simultaneous bio-reduction of Cu-Co-Ni metal precursors by aqueous extract of oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaves. Dramatic changes in physicochemical properties of trimetallic nanoparticles occur due to synergistic interactions between individual metal precursors, which in turn outclass the properties of corresponding monometallic nanoparticles in various aspects. The as biosynthesized Cu-Co-Ni trimetallic nanoparticles were initially analyzed using ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy. The morphology, structure, shape, and size of biosynthesized trimetallic nanoparticles were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The elemental analysis was carried out by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy was carried out to explain the critical role of the biomolecules in the Origanum vulgare leaf extract as capping and stabilizing agents in the nanoparticle formation. Additionally, simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis was also performed to estimate the mass evaluation and rate of the material weight changes. The photocatalytic activity of as biosynthesized trimetallic nanoparticles was investigated towards methylene blue (MB) dye degradation and was found to be an efficient photocatalyst for dye degradation. Kinetic experiments have shown that photocatalytic degradation of MB dye followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The mechanism of the photodegradation process of biogenic Cu-Co-Ni trimetallic nanoparticles was also addressed.
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Trimetallic Nanoparticles: Greener Synthesis and Their Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091784. [PMID: 32916829 PMCID: PMC7559138 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) and multifunctional nano-sized materials have significant applications in diverse fields, namely catalysis, sensors, optics, solar energy conversion, cancer therapy/diagnosis, and bioimaging. Trimetallic NPs have found unique catalytic, active food packaging, biomedical, antimicrobial, and sensing applications; they preserve an ever-superior level of catalytic activities and selectivity compared to monometallic and bimetallic nanomaterials. Due to these important applications, a variety of preparation routes, including hydrothermal, microemulsion, selective catalytic reduction, co-precipitation, and microwave-assisted methodologies have been reported for the syntheses of these nanomaterials. As the fabrication of nanomaterials using physicochemical methods often have hazardous and toxic impacts on the environment, there is a vital need to design innovative and well-organized eco-friendly, sustainable, and greener synthetic protocols for their assembly, by applying safer, renewable, and inexpensive materials. In this review, noteworthy recent advancements relating to the applications of trimetallic NPs and nanocomposites comprising these NPs are underscored as well as their eco-friendly and sustainable synthetic preparative options.
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