1
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Rumpel N, Riechert G, Schumann J. miRNA-Mediated Fine Regulation of TLR-Induced M1 Polarization. Cells 2024; 13:701. [PMID: 38667316 PMCID: PMC11049089 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization to the M1 spectrum is induced by bacterial cell wall components through stimulation of Toll-like family (TLR) receptors. By orchestrating the expression of relevant mediators of the TLR cascade, as well as associated pathways and feedback loops, macrophage polarization is coordinated to ensure an appropriate immune response. This is central to the successful control of pathogens and the maintenance of health. Macrophage polarization is known to be modulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In recent years, the miRNA-based post-transcriptional regulation of M1 polarization has received increasing attention from the scientific community. Comparative studies have shown that TLR stimulation alters the miRNA profile of macrophages and that macrophages from the M1 or the M2 spectrum differ in terms of miRNAs expressed. Simultaneously, miRNAs are considered critical post-transcriptional regulators of macrophage polarization. In particular, miRNAs are thought to play a regulatory role in the switch between the early proinflammatory response and the resolution phase. In this review, we will discuss the current state of knowledge on the complex interaction of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that ultimately determine the functionality of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Schumann
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care, University Medicine Halle (Saale), Franzosenweg 1a, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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2
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Boucher J, Rousseau A, Boucher C, Subra C, Bazié WW, Hubert A, Bourgeault E, Benmoussa A, Goyer B, Tessier PA, Gilbert C. Immune Cells Release MicroRNA-155 Enriched Extracellular Vesicles That Promote HIV-1 Infection. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030466. [PMID: 36766808 PMCID: PMC9914104 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of HIV-1 infection is the rapid dysregulation of immune functions. Recent investigations for biomarkers of such dysregulation in people living with HIV (PLWH) reveal a strong correlation between viral rebound and immune activation with an increased abundance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with microRNA-155. We propose that the activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) leads to an increased miR-155 expression and production of miR-155-rich extracellular vesicles (miR-155-rich EVs), which can exacerbate HIV-1 infection by promoting viral replication. PBMCs were incubated with either HIV-1 (NL4.3Balenv), a TLR-7/8 agonist, or TNF. EVs were harvested from the cell culture supernatant by differential centrifugation, and RT-qPCR quantified miR-155 in cells and derived EVs. The effect of miR-155-rich EVs on replication of HIV-1 in incubated PBMCs was then measured by viral RNA and DNA quantification. HIV-1, TLR7/8 agonist, and TNF each induced the release of miR-155-rich EVs by PBMCs. These miR-155-rich EVs increased viral replication in PBMCs infected in vitro. Infection with HIV-1 and inflammation promote the production of miR-155-rich EVs, enhancing viral replication. Such autocrine loops, therefore, could influence the course of HIV-1 infection by promoting viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Boucher
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Alyssa Rousseau
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Catherine Boucher
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Caroline Subra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Wilfried W. Bazié
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Programme de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 390, Burkina Faso
| | - Audrey Hubert
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Emma Bourgeault
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Benjamin Goyer
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Philippe A. Tessier
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Axe de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 46107); Fax: +1-418-654-2765
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3
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Riahi Rad Z, Riahi Rad Z, Goudarzi H, Goudarzi M, Mahmoudi M, Yasbolaghi Sharahi J, Hashemi A. MicroRNAs in the interaction between host-bacterial pathogens: A new perspective. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6249-6270. [PMID: 33599300 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation plays a critical role in host-pathogen interactions, and RNAs function is essential in this process. miRNAs are small noncoding, endogenous RNA fragments that affect stability and/or translation of mRNAs, act as major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNA is involved in regulating many biological or pathological processes through targeting specific mRNAs, including development, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cytoskeleton organization, and autophagy. Deregulated microRNA expression is associated with many types of diseases, including cancers, immune disturbances, and infection. miRNAs are a vital section of the host immune response to bacterial-made infection. Bacterial pathogens suppress host miRNA expression for their benefit, promoting survival, replication, and persistence. The role played through miRNAs in interaction with host-bacterial pathogen has been extensively studied in the past 10 years, and knowledge about these staggering molecules' function can clarify the complicated and ambiguous interactions of the host-bacterial pathogen. Here, we review how pathogens prevent the host miRNA expression. We briefly discuss emerging themes in this field, including their role as biomarkers in identifying bacterial infections, as part of the gut microbiota, on host miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Riahi Rad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Riahi Rad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yasbolaghi Sharahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Gluud M, Willerslev-Olsen A, Gjerdrum LMR, Lindahl LM, Buus TB, Andersen MH, Bonefeld CM, Krejsgaard T, Litvinov IV, Iversen L, Becker JC, Persson JL, Koralov SB, Litman T, Geisler C, Woetmann A, Odum N. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051229. [PMID: 32414221 PMCID: PMC7281391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a heterogeneous group of potentially devastating primary skin malignancies. Despite decades of intense research efforts, the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. In the early stages, both clinical and histopathological diagnosis is often difficult due to the ability of CTCL to masquerade as benign skin inflammatory dermatoses. Due to a lack of reliable biomarkers, it is also difficult to predict which patients will respond to therapy or progress towards severe recalcitrant disease. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries concerning dysregulated microRNA (miR) expression and putative pathological roles of oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRs in CTCL. We also focus on the interplay between miRs, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and oncogenic signaling pathways in malignant T cells as well as the impact of miRs in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. We highlight the potential use of miRs as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Finally, we propose that the combined use of miR-modulating compounds with epigenetic drugs may provide a novel avenue for boosting the clinical efficacy of existing anti-cancer therapies in CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise M. Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.M.L.); (L.I.)
| | - Terkild B. Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Charlotte Menne Bonefeld
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Thorbjorn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.M.L.); (L.I.)
| | - Jürgen C. Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Jenny L. Persson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden;
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Thomas Litman
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Niels Odum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2875-7879
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5
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Wang M, Wei J, Shang F, Zang K, Ji T. Long non‑coding RNA CASC2 ameliorates sepsis‑induced acute kidney injury by regulating the miR‑155 and NF‑κB pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1554-1562. [PMID: 32323747 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that can cause multiple‑organ damage, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Studies have shown that the long non‑coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) is involved in the occurrence and development of multiple human diseases, although its expression and role in AKI has not yet been reported. The present study demonstrated that the expression of CASC2 was significantly decreased in the serum of patients with sepsis compared with healthy subjects. In addition, the CASC2 level was negatively associated with the severity of AKI. Further experiments revealed that CASC2 promoted cell viability and inhibited inflammatory factor secretion, apoptosis and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide‑stimulated human renal tubular epithelial HK‑2 cells. Importantly, the current study observed that CASC2 was negatively associated with a pro‑inflammatory microRNA (miR)‑155. In addition, the upregulation of CASC2 significantly suppressed the nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB) signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that CASC2 may serve as a potential target for treating sepsis‑induced AKI by inhibiting the miR‑155 and NF‑κB pathway‑mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Jilou Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Futai Shang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Kui Zang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Ting Ji
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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6
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Simmonds RE. Transient up-regulation of miR-155-3p by lipopolysaccharide in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages results in RISC incorporation but does not alter TNF expression. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:43. [PMID: 31641696 PMCID: PMC6790912 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15065.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The innate immune response is a tightly regulated process that reacts rapidly in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Evidence is accumulating that microRNAs contribute to this, although few studies have examined the early events that constitute the “primary” response. Methods: LPS-dependent changes to miRNA expression were studied in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (1°MDMs). An unbiased screen by microarray was validated by qPCR and a method for the absolute quantitation of miRNAs was also developed, utilising 5’ phosphorylated RNA oligonucleotide templates. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to explore incorporation of miRNAs into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The effect of miRNA functional inhibition on TNF expression (mRNA and secretion) was investigated. Results: Of the 197 miRNAs expressed in 1°MDMs, only five were induced >1.5-fold. The most strongly induced was miR-155-3p, the partner strand to miR-155-5p, which are both derived from the MIR155HG/BIC gene (pri-miR-155). The abundance of miR-155-3p was induced transiently ~250-fold at 2-4hrs and then returned towards baseline, mirroring pri-miR-155. Other PAMPs, IL-1β, and TNF caused similar responses. IL-10, NF-κB, and JNK inhibition reduced these responses, unlike cytokine-suppressing mycolactone. Absolute quantitation revealed that miRNA abundance varies widely from donor-to-donor, and showed that miR-155-3p abundance is substantially less than miR-155-5p in unstimulated cells. However, at its peak there were 446-1,113 copies/cell, and miR-155-3p was incorporated into the RISC with an efficiency similar to miR-16-5p and miR-155-5p. Inhibition of neither miRNA affected TNF secretion after 2hrs in 1°MDMs, but technical challenges here are noted. Conclusions: Dynamic regulation of miRNAs during the primary response is rare, with the exception of miR-155-3p. Further work is required to establish whether its low abundance, even at the transient peak, is sufficient for biological activity and to determine whether there are specific mechanisms determining its biogenesis from miR-155 precursors
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Simmonds
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.,Cytokine and Signal Transduction Laboratory, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, London, W6 8LH, UK
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7
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Chung YT, Pasquinelli V, Jurado JO, Wang X, Yi N, Barnes PF, Garcia VE, Samten B. Elevated Cyclic AMP Inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Stimulated T-cell IFN-γ Secretion Through Type I Protein Kinase A. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1821-1831. [PMID: 29438524 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is critical in immune regulation, and its role in tuberculosis infection remains unclear. We determined the levels of cAMP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and the mechanisms for cAMP suppression of IFN-γ production. PBMC from tuberculosis patients contained significantly elevated cAMP than latent tuberculosis infected subjects (LTBI), with an inverse correlation with IFN-γ production. Consistent with this, the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), activating transcription factor (ATF)-2 and c-Jun were reduced in tuberculosis patients compared with LTBI. PKA type I specific cAMP analogs inhibited Mtb-stimulated IFN-g production by PBMC through suppression of Mtb-induced IFN-γ promoter binding activities of CREB, ATF-2, and c-Jun and also miR155, the target miRNA of these transcription factors. Neutralizing both IL-10 and TGF-β1 or supplementation of IL-12 restored cAMP-suppressed IFN-g production. We conclude that increased cAMP inhibits IFN-g production through PKA type I pathway in tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Tae Chung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Virginia Pasquinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Junín, Argentina
| | - Javier O Jurado
- Departamento de Química Biológica, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Xisheng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Na Yi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Peter F Barnes
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Veronica E Garcia
- Departamento de Química Biológica, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
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8
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Abstract
Primary interaction of an intracellular bacterium with its host cell is initiated by activation of multiple signaling pathways in response to bacterium recognition itself or as cellular responses to stress induced by the bacterium. The leading molecules in these processes are cell surface membrane receptors as well as cytosolic pattern recognition receptors recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns induced by the invading bacterium. In this review, we demonstrate possible sequences of events leading to recognition of Francisella tularensis, present findings on known mechanisms for manipulating cell responses to protect Francisella from being killed, and discuss newly published data from the perspective of early stages of host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Kubelkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Ales Macela
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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9
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Abstract
The efficacy of macrophage- mediated inflammatory response relies on the coordinated expression of key factors, which expression is finely regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Several studies have provided compelling evidence that microRNAs play pivotal roles in modulating macrophage activation, polarization, tissue infiltration, and resolution of inflammation. In this review, we highlight the essential molecular mechanisms underlying the different phases of inflammation that are targeted by microRNAs to inhibit or accelerate restoration to tissue integrity and homeostasis. We further review the impact of microRNA-dependent regulation of tumor-associated macrophages and the relative implication for tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Curtale
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marcello Rubino
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
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10
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Simmonds RE. Transient up-regulation of miR-155-3p by lipopolysaccharide in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages results in RISC incorporation but does not alter TNF expression. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:43. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15065.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The innate immune response is a tightly regulated process that reacts rapidly in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Evidence is accumulating that microRNAs contribute to this, although few studies have examined the early events that constitute the “primary” response. Methods: LPS-dependent changes to miRNA expression were studied in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (1°MDMs). An unbiased screen by microarray was validated by qPCR and a method for the absolute quantitation of miRNAs was also developed, utilising 5’ phosphorylated RNA oligonucleotide templates. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to explore incorporation of miRNAs into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The effect of miRNA functional inhibition on TNF expression (mRNA and secretion) was investigated. Results: Of the 197 miRNAs expressed in 1°MDMs, only five were induced >1.5-fold. The most strongly induced was miR-155-3p, the partner strand to miR-155-5p, which are both derived from the BIC gene (B cell integration cluster, MIR155HG). The abundance of miR-155-3p was induced transiently ~250-fold at 2-4hrs and then returned towards baseline, mirroring the BIC mRNA. Other PAMPs, IL-1β, and TNF caused similar responses. IL-10, NF-κB, and JNK inhibition suppressed these responses, unlike cytokine-suppressing mycolactone. Absolute quantitation showed that miRNA abundance varies widely from donor-to-donor, and showed that miR-155-3p abundance is substantially less than miR-155-5p in unstimulated cells. However, at its peak there were 446-1,113 copies/cell, and miR-155-3p was incorporated into the RISC with an efficiency similar to miR-16-5p and miR-155-5p. Inhibition of neither miRNA affected TNF expression in 1°MDMs, but technical challenges here are noted. Conclusions: Dynamic regulation of miRNAs during the primary response is rare, with the exception of miR-155-3p, which transiently achieves levels that might have a biological effect. Further work on this candidate would need to overcome the technical challenges of the broad-ranging effects of liposomes on 1°MDMs.
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11
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Zhou X, Li X, Wu M. miRNAs reshape immunity and inflammatory responses in bacterial infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:14. [PMID: 29844933 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria cause various infections worldwide, especially in immunocompromised and other susceptible individuals, and are also associated with high infant mortality rates in developing countries. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs with evolutionarily conserved sequences, are expressed in various tissues and cells that play key part in various physiological and pathologic processes. Increasing evidence implies roles for miRNAs in bacterial infectious diseases by modulating inflammatory responses, cell penetration, tissue remodeling, and innate and adaptive immunity. This review highlights some recent intriguing findings, ranging from the correlation between aberrant expression of miRNAs with bacterial infection progression to their profound impact on host immune responses. Harnessing of dysregulated miRNAs in bacterial infection may be an approach to improving the diagnosis, prevention and therapy of infectious diseases. Changes in production of tiny cellular RNAs in response to bacterial infection could guide the development of better diagnostics and therapies. MicroRNAs regulate other genes by binding to messenger RNA strands and controlling their translation into proteins. Xikun Zhou, Min Wu and colleagues of the University of North Dakota have now reviewed current knowledge about how microRNA levels shift during infection with various bacterial pathogens. These microRNAs can modulate the immune response as well as pathways that influence metabolic activity and cell survival. Increasing studies have indicated that shifts in microRNA levels in response to different infections could provide a potential bacterial ‘fingerprint’ for achieving accurate diagnosis. With deeper insight into how different microRNAs influence infection, it might one day day become possible to target these molecules with ‘antisense’ or ‘agonist’ drugs that modulate their activity.
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Taxis TM, Bauermann FV, Ridpath JF, Casas E. Circulating MicroRNAs in Serum from Cattle Challenged with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Front Genet 2017; 8:91. [PMID: 28702050 PMCID: PMC5487392 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an RNA virus that is often associated with respiratory disease in cattle. MicroRNAs have been proposed as indicators of exposure to respiratory pathogens. The objective of this study was to identify microRNAs in cattle that had been challenged with a non-cytopathic field strain of BVDV. Five colostrum deprived neonate Holstein calves were inoculated with BVDV (challenged) and 4 were mock challenged (control). Serum from all calves was collected at four different times: prior to challenge (day 0) and at 4, 9, and 16 days post-challenge. RNA was extracted from sera, and expression, via read counts, of small non-coding RNAs were obtained using next-generation sequencing. A total of 905,861 sequences identified 427 microRNAs. Sixty-two microRNAs had >1,000 total reads across all samples. Bta-miR-339a, bta-miR-185, bta-miR-486, Bta-miR-92a, bta-miR-30e-5p, bta-let-7c, and bta-miR-2284x were significantly different (P < 0.05) across time regardless of challenge status. Bta-miR-423-5p (P = 0.008) and bta-miR-151-3p (P = 0.005) were significantly different between challenged and control animals across time. In challenged animals, bta-miR-423-5p peaked in number of reads by day 4 and steadily declined from day 4 to day 16. In control animals, bta-miR-423-5p declined from day 0 to day 9 and increased in number by day 16. By day 16, both challenged and control animals had similar levels of bta-miR-423-5p, and these levels were similar to day 0 levels. Bta-miR-151-3p peaked at day 9 in challenged animals, while control animals decreased across time. By day 16, the number of reads of bta-miR-151-3p were similar between challenged and control animals. The level in challenged animals had returned to day 0 levels by day 16, whereas the levels for control animals was significantly lower (P = 0.006) than day 0. Further studies are needed to establish if bta-miR-423-5p or bta-miR-151-3p could be used as a biomarker for exposure to BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasia M Taxis
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, AmesIA, United States
| | - Fernando V Bauermann
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, AmesIA, United States
| | - Julia F Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, AmesIA, United States
| | - Eduardo Casas
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, AmesIA, United States
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Das K, Garnica O, Dhandayuthapani S. Modulation of Host miRNAs by Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:79. [PMID: 27536558 PMCID: PMC4971075 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein coding genes of viruses and eukaryotes at the post-transcriptional level. The eukaryotic genes regulated by miRNAs include those whose products are critical for biological processes such as cell proliferation, metabolic pathways, immune response, and development. It is now increasingly recognized that modulation of miRNAs associated with biological processes is one of the strategies adopted by bacterial pathogens to survive inside host cells. In this review, we present an overview of the recent findings on alterations of miRNAs in the host cells by facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens. In addition, we discuss how the altered miRNAs help in the survival of these pathogens in the intracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Das
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Omar Garnica
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso, TX, USA
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Zhang DD, Zhang H, Lao YZ, Wu R, Xu JW, Murad F, Bian K, Xu HX. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of 1,3,5,7-Tetrahydroxy-8-isoprenylxanthone Isolated from Twigs of Garcinia esculenta on Stimulated Macrophage. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:350564. [PMID: 26538826 DOI: 10.1155/2015/350564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia Linn. plants having rich natural xanthones and benzophenones with anti-inflammatory activity attracted a great deal of attention to discover and develop them as potential drug candidates. Through screening targeting nitric oxide accumulation in stimulated macrophage, we found that 1,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-8-isoprenylxanthone (TIE) had potential anti-inflammatory effect. To understand how TIE elicits its anti-inflammatory activity, we uncovered that it significantly inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS/IFNγ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In further study, we showed that TIE reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), two key molecules responsible for the production of NO and PGE2 during inflammation progress. Additionally, TIE also suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. TIE-led suppression in iNOS, COX-2, and cytokines production were probably the consequence of TIE's capability to block ERK and p38MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, TIE blocked activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) as well as NF-κB regulation of miR155 expression. Our study suggests that TIE may represent as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate protein expression either by inhibiting initiation of the translation of mRNA or by inducing the degradation of mRNA molecules. Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNA-mediated repression of protein expression is of paramount importance in a broad range of physiologic and pathologic conditions. In particular, miRNA-induced dysregulation of molecular processes involved in inflammatory pathways has been shown to contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, first of all we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis, the main mechanisms of action and the miRNA profiling tools currently available. Then, we summarize the available evidence supporting a specific role for miRNAs in the pathobiology of periodontitis. Based on a review of available data on the differential expression of miRNAs in gingival tissues in states of periodontal health and disease, we address specific roles for miRNAs in molecular and cellular pathways causally linked to periodontitis. Our review points to several lines of evidence suggesting the involvement of miRNAs in periodontal tissue homeostasis and pathology. Although the intricate regulatory networks affected by miRNA function are still incompletely mapped, further utilization of systems biology tools is expected to enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Kebschull
- Associate Professor of Dental Medicine, Consultant, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany, Tel: +49-228-28722-007,
| | - Panos N. Papapanou
- Professor of Dental Medicine, Director, Division of Periodontics, Chair, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, 630 West 168 Street, PH-7E-110, New York, NY 10032, USA, Tel: +1-212-342-3008, Fax: +1-212-305-9313,
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Zeng FR, Tang LJ, He Y, Garcia RC. An update on the role of miRNA-155 in pathogenic microbial infections. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:613-21. [PMID: 26072128 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved and naturally abundant molecules of single-stranded, non-coding RNA from ∼17 to 25 nucleotides long. MiRNAs act at post-transcriptional level either to suppress gene translation or to induce mRNA degradation, according to the degree of complementarity with their target sequences. MiR-155 is a typical representative of the miRNA family that plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and organism development. A number of studies have shown that miR-155 can not only regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and lymphoma progression, but also plays an important part in various other physiological and pathological processes. For instance, it is involved in hematopoietic cell differentiation, cardiovascular disease, inflammation and immune responses. In recent years, the role of miR-155 in infectious diseases has attracted considerable attention. This review will highlight the participation of miR-155 in the responses to infections caused by different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rong Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Jun Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Ye He
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - R C Garcia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
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Abstract
miR-155 is involved in non-coding microRNAs found in humans, mice and chickens of which the sequence is conserved. Historically, miR-155 was identified as a B-cell integration cluster (bic), which induces B-cell leucosis in chickens, by its activation through viral promoter insertion. Subsequent studies have shown that transgenic mice expressing miR-155 in B cells generated lymphoma, showing that miR-155 is oncogenic. Biochemical investigation identifies many substrates of miR-155, and one of them in B cells and macrophages is the SH2-domain containing inositol-5'-phosphatase 1. A deficiency of miR-155 in the immune system causes attenuated immune functions. Clinically, several types of malignancy including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma have high miR-155 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Khamaneh AM, Alipour MR, Sheikhzadeh Hesari F, Ghadiri Soufi F. A signature of microRNA-155 in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:301-9. [PMID: 25929727 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to explore the potential involvement of miR-155 in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. Male rats were divided into control and diabetic groups (n = 6). Type 2 diabetes was induced by a single-dose injection of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg; intraperitoneal (i.p.)), 15 min before injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg; i.p.) in 12-h fasted rats. Two months after induction of diabetes, the rats were sacrificed for subsequent measurements. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity was higher in diabetic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), aorta, heart, kidney, liver, and sciatic nerve, than the control counterparts. Also, apoptosis rate was increased in these tissues, except the aorta. NF-κB messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level was higher in the kidney, heart, PBMCs, and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats than their control counterparts. Except the liver, the miR-155 expression level was significantly decreased in diabetic kidney, heart, aorta, PBMCs, and sciatic nerve versus the controls. Moreover, the expression of miR-155 was negatively correlated with NF-κB activity and apoptosis rate. These results suggest that changes in the expression of miR-155 may participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related complications, but causal relationship between miR-155 dysregulation and diabetic complications is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mahdi Khamaneh
- School of advanced medical sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Li L, Su B, Yang L, Fan W, Yin Q, Chen L, Cui T, Zhang J, Lu Y, Cheng J, Fu P, Liu F. Involvement of inflammation-related miR-155 and miR-146a in diabetic nephropathy: implications for glomerular endothelial injury. BMC Nephrol 2014; 15:142. [PMID: 25182190 PMCID: PMC4236663 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs have been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we investigated both the repertoire of miRNAs in the kidneys of patients with DN and their potential regulatory role in inflammation-mediated glomerular endothelial injury. METHODS The miRNA expression profiling of the renal biopsy samples was performed by a microarray analysis; then, in situ hybridization and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the localization and expression of two of the miRNAs significantly up-regulated in human DN kidney samples, miR-155 and miR-146a, in the kidney tissues from type 1 and type 2 DN rat models. Human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) cultured under high-glucose conditions were transfected with miR-155 and miR-146a mimics, and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB expressions were examined by western blot, real-time PCR, and an electrophoresis mobility shift assay. RESULTS The expression of both miR-155 and miR-146a was increased more than fivefold in the kidney samples of the DN patients compared with the controls, and the miR-155 expression was closely correlated with the serum creatinine levels (R = 0.95, P = 0.004). During the induction and progression of the disease in type 1 and type 2 DN rat models, miR-155 and miR-146a were demonstrated to increase gradually. In vitro, high glucose induced the over-expression of miR-155 and miR-146a in the HRGECs, which, in turn, increased the TNF-α, TGF-β1, and NF-κB expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that the increased expression of miR-155 and miR-146a in the DN patients and in the experimental DN animal models was found to contribute to inflammation-mediated glomerular endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqun Huang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Baihai Su
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lichuan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenxin Fan
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qinghua Yin
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lijia Chen
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tianlei Cui
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Maudet C, Mano M, Eulalio A. MicroRNAs in the interaction between host and bacterial pathogens. FEBS Lett. 2014;588:4140-4147. [PMID: 25128459 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a central role in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression, that have been implicated in a wide-range of biological processes. Regulation of miRNA expression is increasingly recognized as a crucial part of the host response to infection by bacterial pathogens, as well as a novel molecular strategy exploited by bacteria to manipulate host cell pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge of bacterial pathogens that modulate host miRNA expression, focusing on mammalian host cells, and the implications of miRNA regulation on the outcome of infection. The emerging role of commensal bacteria, as part of the gut microbiota, on host miRNA expression in the presence or absence of bacterial pathogens is also discussed.
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Pareek S, Roy S, Kumari B, Jain P, Banerjee A, Vrati S. MiR-155 induction in microglial cells suppresses Japanese encephalitis virus replication and negatively modulates innate immune responses. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:97. [PMID: 24885259 PMCID: PMC4050406 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microglial cells, which are resident macrophages of the central nervous system, play important roles in immune responses and pathogenesis. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic virus that infects microglial cells in brain. Several microRNAs including miR-155 and miR-146a play an important role in defining the microglia inflammatory profile. In this study, we have investigated the effect of miR-155 and miR-146a modulation on JEV infection as well as innate immune responses in human microglial cells. Methods In vitro studies were performed in JEV-infected human microglial CHME3 cells. miR-155 or miR-146a were overexpressed and total RNA and protein were extracted following JEV-infection. Expression of genes involved in innate immune responses was studied by PCR array, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot and Fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). JEV replication was monitored by studying the viral RNA by qPCR, protein by western blot, and titres by plaque assay. Results Overexpression of miR-155 in CHME3 cells resulted in significantly reduced JEV replication whereas miR-146a overexpression had an insignificant effect. Additionally, interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) and complement factor H (CFH) were induced during JEV infection; however, this induction was attenuated in miR-155 overexpressing cells following JEV infection. Further, JEV-induced NF-κB regulated downstream gene expression was attenuated. Interestingly, an increased level of CD45, a negative regulator of microglia activation and a reduced phosphorylated-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (p-STAT1) expression was observed in miR-155 overexpressing cells upon JEV infection. Conclusion Induction of miR-155 in human microglial cells may negatively modulate JEV-induced innate immune gene expression and may have a beneficial role in limiting JEV replication in human microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arup Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Center, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 496, Udyog Vihar Phase-III, Gurgaon 122016, India.
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Gillette DD, Curry HM, Cremer T, Ravneberg D, Fatehchand K, Shah PA, Wewers MD, Schlesinger LS, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S, Gavrilin MA. Virulent Type A Francisella tularensis actively suppresses cytokine responses in human monocytes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:45. [PMID: 24783062 PMCID: PMC3988375 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human monocyte inflammatory responses differ between virulent and attenuated Francisella infection. RESULTS A mixed infection model showed that the virulent F. tularensis Schu S4 can attenuate inflammatory cytokine responses to the less virulent F. novicida in human monocytes. CONCLUSION F. tularensis dampens inflammatory response by an active process. SIGNIFICANCE This suppression may contribute to enhanced pathogenicity of F. tularensis. Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative facultative bacterium that can cause the disease tularemia, even upon exposure to low numbers of bacteria. One critical characteristic of Francisella is its ability to dampen or subvert the host immune response. Previous work has shown that monocytes infected with highly virulent F. tularensis subsp. tularensis strain Schu S4 responded with a general pattern of quantitatively reduced pro-inflammatory signaling pathway genes and cytokine production in comparison to those infected with the less virulent related F. novicida. However, it has been unclear whether the virulent Schu S4 was merely evading or actively suppressing monocyte responses. By using mixed infection assays with F. tularensis and F. novicida, we show that F. tularensis actively suppresses monocyte pro-inflammatory responses. Additional experiments show that this suppression occurs in a dose-dependent manner and is dependent upon the viability of F. tularensis. Importantly, F. tularensis was able to suppress pro-inflammatory responses to earlier infections with F. novicida. These results lend support that F. tularensis actively dampens human monocyte responses and this likely contributes to its enhanced pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyn D Gillette
- Integrated Biomedical Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather M Curry
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Cremer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David Ravneberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kavin Fatehchand
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prexy A Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark D Wewers
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan P Butchar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susheela Tridandapani
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
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Wang Z, Filgueiras LR, Wang S, Serezani APM, Peters-Golden M, Jancar S, Serezani CH. Leukotriene B4 enhances the generation of proinflammatory microRNAs to promote MyD88-dependent macrophage activation. J Immunol 2014; 192:2349-56. [PMID: 24477912 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are known to control TLR activation in phagocytes. We have shown that leukotriene (LT) B4 (LTB4) positively regulates macrophage MyD88 expression by decreasing suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) mRNA stability. In this study, we investigated the possibility that LTB4 control of MyD88 expression involves the generation of microRNAs. Our data show that LTB4, via its receptor B leukotriene receptor 1 (BLT1) and Gαi signaling, increased macrophage expression of inflammatory microRNAs, including miR-155, miR-146b, and miR-125b. LTB4-mediated miR-155 generation was attributable to activating protein-1 activation. Furthermore, macrophage transfection with antagomirs against miR-155 and miR-146b prevented both the LTB4-mediated decrease in SOCS-1 and increase in MyD88. Transfection with miR-155 and miR-146b mimics decreased SOCS-1 levels, increased MyD88 expression, and restored TLR4 responsiveness in both wild type and LT-deficient macrophages. To our knowledge, our data unveil a heretofore unrecognized role for the GPCR BLT1 in controlling expression of microRNAs that regulate MyD88-dependent activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Thompson RC, Vardinogiannis I, Gilmore TD. Identification of an NF-κB p50/p65-responsive site in the human MIR155HG promoter. BMC Mol Biol 2013; 14:24. [PMID: 24059932 PMCID: PMC3849010 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-14-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is the diced product of the MIR155HG gene. miR-155 regulates the expression of many immune-specific transcripts, is overexpressed in many human lymphomas, and has oncogenic activity in mouse transgenic models. MIR155HG has been proposed to be a target gene for transcription factor NF-κB largely due to the positive correlation between high nuclear NF-κB activity and increased miR-155 expression following treatment with NF-κB inducers or in subsets of hematopoietic cancers. Nevertheless, direct regulation of the human MIR155HG promoter by NF-κB has not been convincingly demonstrated previously. Results This report shows that induction of NF-κB activity rapidly leads to increased levels of both primary MIR155HG mRNA and mature miR-155 transcripts. We have mapped an NF-κB-responsive element to a position approximately 178 nt upstream of the MIR155HG transcription start site. The -178 site is specifically bound by the NF-κB p50/p65 heterodimer and is required for p65-induced reporter gene activation. Moreover, the levels of miR-155 in nine human B-lymphoma cell lines generally correlate with increased nuclear NF-κB proteins. Conclusion Overall, the identification of an NF-κB-responsive site in the MIR155HG proximal promoter suggests that MIR155HG is a direct NF-κB target gene in vivo. Understanding NF-κB-mediated regulation of miR-155 could lead to improved immune cell-related diagnostic tools and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Thompson
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Collins AS, McCoy CE, Lloyd AT, O’Farrelly C, Stevenson NJ. miR-19a: an effective regulator of SOCS3 and enhancer of JAK-STAT signalling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69090. [PMID: 23894411 PMCID: PMC3718810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins are classic inhibitors of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Many cytokines and pathogenic mediators induce expression of SOCS, which act in a negative feedback loop to inhibit further signal transduction. SOCS mRNA expression is regulated by DNA binding of STAT proteins, however, their post-transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind to complementary sequences on target mRNAs, often silencing gene expression. miR-19a has been shown to regulate SOCS1 expression during mutiple myeloma and be induced by the anti-viral cytokine interferon-(IFN)-α, suggesting a role in the regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. This study aimed to identify targets of miR-19a in the JAK-STAT pathway and elucidate the functional consequences. Bioinformatic analysis identified highly conserved 3'UTR miR-19a target sequences in several JAK-STAT associated genes, including SOCS1, SOCS3, SOCS5 and Cullin (Cul) 5. Functional studies revealed that miR-19a significantly decreased SOCS3 mRNA and protein, while a miR-19a antagomir specifically reversed its inhibitory effect. Furthermore, miR-19a-mediated reduction of SOCS3 enhanced IFN-α and interleukin (IL)-6 signal transduction through STAT3. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which miR-19a may augment JAK-STAT signal transduction via control of SOCS3 expression and are fundamental to the understanding of inflammatory regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aideen S. Collins
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire E. McCoy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew T. Lloyd
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O’Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nigel J. Stevenson
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Lukiw WJ. Antagonism of NF-κB-up-regulated micro RNAs (miRNAs) in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD)-anti-NF-κB vs. anti-miRNA strategies. Front Genet 2013; 4:77. [PMID: 23641256 PMCID: PMC3640190 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Lukiw
- Department of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology; Immunology and Medical Genetics; The Ohio State University Medical Center; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus; OH; USA
| | | | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology; Immunology and Medical Genetics; The Ohio State University Medical Center; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus; OH; USA
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Shah P, Fatehchand K, Patel H, Fang H, Justiniano SE, Mo X, Jarjoura D, Tridandapani S, Butchar JP. Toll-like receptor 2 ligands regulate monocyte Fcγ receptor expression and function. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:12345-52. [PMID: 23504312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.449983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptor (FcγR) clustering on monocytes/macrophages results in phagocytosis and inflammatory cytokine production, which serve to eliminate antibody-opsonized targets and activate neighboring immune cells. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which recognizes a range of both bacterial and fungal components, elicits strong proinflammatory responses in these cells when stimulated by ligands, either natural or synthetic. Thus, we explored the possibility that TLR2 agonists could strengthen FcγR activity within the context of antibody therapy. Human peripheral blood monocytes treated with the TLR2 agonist Pam2CSK4 showed significantly enhanced FcγR-mediated cytokine production as well as phagocytic ability. An examination of the molecular mechanism behind this enhancement revealed increased expression of both FcγRIIa and the common γ subunit following Pam2CSK4 treatment. Interestingly however, expression of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb was also modestly increased. Further investigation revealed that Pam2CSK4 also dramatically decreased the expression of SHIP, the major mediator of FcγRIIb inhibitory activity. Using a murine Her2/neu solid tumor model of antibody therapy, we found that Pam2CSK4 significantly enhanced the ability of anti-Her2 antibody to reduce the rate of tumor growth. To verify that the FcγR enhancement was not unique to the diacylated Pam2CSK4, we also tested Pam3CSK4, a related triacylated TLR2 agonist. Results showed significant enhancement in FcγR function and expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that TLR2 activation can positively modulate FcγR and suggest that TLR2 agonists should be considered for testing as adjuvants for antitumor antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prexy Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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