1
|
Dai Q, Wang Y, Ying Q, Ye Q. Cryptococcosis with pulmonary cavitation in an immunocompetent child: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:162. [PMID: 38321369 PMCID: PMC10845742 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) rarely occurs in immunocompetent children. CASE PRESENTATION A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University in February 2023 with complaints of cough and chest pain. Physical examination showed slightly moist rales in the right lung. Chest computed tomography (CT) suggested a lung lesion and cavitation. Blood routine test, lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin, and complement tests indicated that the immune system was normal. However, the serum cryptococcal antigen test was positive. Next-generation sequencing revealed Cryptococcus infection. The child was diagnosed with PC and was discharged after treating with fluconazole 400 mg. Four months later, chest CT showed that the lung lesion diminished, and reexamination of serum cryptococcal antigen test turned positive. CONCLUSION PC should be considered in an immunocompetent child with pulmonary cavities with nonspecific symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yingshuo Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qianqian Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Department of pediatrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Qidong Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China.
- Department of pediatrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Julian JULIAN, Robiatul ADAWIYAH, Sri WAHDINI. BIOMOLECULAR ACTIVITY OF CRYPTOCOCCUS DURING CRYPTOCOCCOSIS: A REVIEW OF MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS OF CRYPTOCOCCUS WITH HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM AND BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER. Afr J Infect Dis 2023; 18:11-22. [PMID: 38058414 PMCID: PMC10696652 DOI: 10.21010/ajidv18i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Global mycosis is still a problem. One of these is the cryptococcal disease. A systemic mycosis brought on by Cryptococcus is called cryptococcosis. Host immunological conditions influence infection with Cryptococcosis. When environmental spores are inhaled by the host, the spores get to the lungs, an infection is created. Alveolar macrophages and other immune cells recognize Cryptococcus in the lung. The initial line of defense against pathogens in the phagolysosome is provided by alveolar macrophages found in the lungs. When the immune system is weak, Cryptococcus uses the evasion system as a molecular interaction with the immune system and persists in the lungs without causing any symptoms such as Factor Transcription, Cell masking, N-glycan structure, Extracellular molecule, and Antioxidant system. The evasion mechanism protects and makes Cryptococcus disseminate throughout the other organs, especially CNS. If Cryptococcus escapes against the host immune system, it will disseminate to other organs, especially Cerebrospinal System by Three mechanisms. There are Trojan Horse, Paracellular, and Transcellular interactions with Blood-Brain Barrier. Disease severity is determined by the Interaction between the host's immune system and the fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JULIAN Julian
- Master’s Programme in biomedical science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - ADAWIYAH Robiatul
- Master’s Programme in biomedical science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - WAHDINI Sri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han Z, Yu R, Xiong D, Tian C. A Sge1 homolog in Cytospora chrysosperma governs conidiation, virulence and the expression of putative effectors. Gene 2021; 778:145474. [PMID: 33549711 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
SIX Gene Expression 1 (Sge1) is an important and well-recognized fungal-specific transcription regulator from the Gti1/Pac2 family that exhibits a conserved function in the vegetative growth, regulating the expression of effector genes and pathogenicity in plant pathogenic fungi. However, its functions in Cytospora chrysosperma, a notorious phytopathogenic fungus in forestry, remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized a Sge1 orthologue, CcSge1, in C. chrysosperma and deleted its Gti1/Pac2 domain for functional analysis. The CcSge1 deletion mutants showed obvious defects in hyphal growth, conidial production and response to hydrogen peroxide. Correspondingly, significantly lower expression of conidiation related genes were found in deletion mutants compared to that of the wild type. Importantly, the CcSge1 deletion mutants totally lost their pathogenicity to the host. Further analysis demonstrated that CcSge1 was responsible for the expression of putative effector genes and the transcription of CcSge1 was under tight control by pathogenicity-related MAP Kinase 1 (CcPmk1). What's more, one of the putative effector gene CCG_07874 was positively regulated by both CcSge1 and CcPmk1. Taken together, these data indicate that CcSge1is indispensable for hyphal radial growth, conidiation, the expression of effector genes and fungal virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Han
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ran Yu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dianguang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chengming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yi J, Sang J, Zhao J, Gao L, Yang Y, Yan L, Zhang C, Pan W, Wang G, Liao W. Transcription factor Liv4 is required for growth and pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:foaa015. [PMID: 32391887 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an important invasive fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans. Its biological and pathogenic regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown, particularly due to the presence of those core transcription factors (TFs). Here, we conducted a detailed characterization of the TF Liv4 in the biology and virulence of C. neoformans. Deletion of TF Liv4 protein resulted in growth defect under both normal and stress conditions (such as high temperature and cell wall/membrane damaging agents), drastic morphological damage and also attenuated virulence in C. neoformans. These phenotypic changes might be contributed to transcriptional abnormality in the liv4Δ mutant, in which several cryptococcal genes involved in energy metabolism and cell wall integrity were downregulated. Furthermore, ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR assays suggested TF Liv4 might exert its regulatory function in transcription by its activation of RBP1 in C. neoformans. Taken together, our work highlights the importance of TF Liv4 in the growth and virulence of C. neoformans, and it facilitates a better understanding of cryptococcal pathogenesis mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Junjun Sang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Department of Dermatology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350025, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Weihua Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Emergency room, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Institute of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| |
Collapse
|