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Zhang Z, Qi J, Liu Y, Ji M, Wang W, Wu W, Liu K, Huang Z. Anthropogenic impact on airborne bacteria of the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108370. [PMID: 38091822 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau is a pristine environment with limited human disturbance, with its aerosol microbiome being primarily influenced by the monsoon and westerly circulations. Additionally, the diversity and abundance of airborne microorganisms are also affected by anthropogenic activities, such as animal farming, agriculture, and tourism, which can lead to increased risks to the ecosystem and human health. However, the impact of anthropogenic activities on airborne microbes on the Tibetan Plateau has been rarely studied. In this work, we investigated the airborne bacteria of areas with weak (rural glacier) and strong human disturbance (urban building), and found that anthropogenic activities increased the diversity of airborne bacteria, and the concentration of potential airborne pathogens. Moreover, airborne bacteria in rural aerosols demonstrated significant differences in their community structure during monsoon- and westerly-affected seasons, while this pattern was weakened in urban aerosols. Additionally, urban aerosols enriched Lactobacillus sp. (member of genus Lactobacillus), which are potential pathogens from anthropogenic sources, whereas rural aerosols enriched A. calcoaceticus (member of genus Acinetobacter) and E. thailandicus (member of genus Enterococcus), which are both speculated to be sourced from surrounding animal farming. This study evaluated the impact of human activities on airborne bacteria in the Tibetan Plateau and contributed to understanding the enrichment of airborne pathogens in natural and anthropogenic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Center for the Pan-third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for the Pan-third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Mukan Ji
- Center for the Pan-third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Center for the Pan-third Pole Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Keshao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Aeromonas Strains Isolated from Fresh Produce and Irrigation Water. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030511. [PMID: 36978377 PMCID: PMC10044025 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas has received constant attention in different areas, from aquaculture and veterinary medicine to food safety, where more and more frequent isolates are occurring with increased resistance to antibiotics. The present paper studied the interaction of Aeromonas strains isolated from fresh produce and water with different eukaryotic cell types with the aim of better understanding the cytotoxic capacity of these strains. To study host-cell pathogen interactions in Aeromonas, we used HT-29, Vero, J774A.1, and primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These interactions were analyzed by confocal microscopy to determine the cytotoxicity of the strains. We also used Galleria mellonella larvae to test their pathogenicity in this experimental model. Our results demonstrated that two strains showed high cytotoxicity in epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Furthermore, these strains showed high virulence using the G. mellonella model. All strains used in this paper generally showed low levels of resistance to the different families of the antibiotics being tested. These results indicated that some strains of Aeromonas present in vegetables and water pose a potential health hazard, displaying very high in vitro and in vivo virulence. This pathogenic potential, and some recent concerning findings on antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas, encourage further efforts in examining the precise significance of Aeromonas strains isolated from foods for human consumption.
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Shan S, Cheng W, Li Y, Zhang M, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wei X, Fu Z, Wu S, Du D, Guo Z. Comparative genomic analysis of Citrobacter sp. XT1-2-2 reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of microbial immobilization of heavy metals. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:838. [PMID: 36536293 PMCID: PMC9764585 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, Citrobacter sp. XT1-2-2 was isolated from high cadmium-contaminated soils, and demonstrated an excellent ability to decrease the bioavailability of cadmium in the soil and inhibit cadmium uptake in rice. In addition, the strain XT1-2-2 could significantly promote rice growth and increase rice biomass. Therefore, the strain XT1-2-2 shows great potential for remediation of cadmium -contaminated soils. However, the genome sequence of this organism has not been reported so far. RESULTS: Here the basic characteristics and genetic diversity of the strain XT1-2-2 were described, together with the draft genome and comparative genomic results. The strain XT1-2-2 is 5040459 bp long with an average G + C content of 52.09%, and contains a total of 4801 genes. Putative genomic islands were predicted in the genome of Citrobacter sp. XT1-2-2. All genes of a complete set of sulfate reduction pathway and various putative heavy metal resistance genes in the genome were identified and analyzed. CONCLUSIONS These analytical results provide insights into the genomic basis of microbial immobilization of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Shan
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China ,Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Application, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Wei Cheng
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yilu Li
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Min Zhang
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zhudong Liu
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yushuang Wang
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaowu Wei
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zujiao Fu
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Shandong Wu
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Dongxia Du
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zhaohui Guo
- grid.506983.1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China ,Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Application, 410009 Changsha, Hunan China
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Molecular characterization of multidrug resistant Enterobacterales strains isolated from liver and kidney transplant recipients in Spain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11875. [PMID: 34088906 PMCID: PMC8178318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyse the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems and other extended-spectrum-β-lactams and to determine the genetic relatedness of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) causing colonization or infection in solid-organ transplantation (SOT) recipients. Prospective cohort study in kidney (n = 142), liver (n = 98) or kidney/pancreas (n = 7) transplant recipients between 2014 and 2018 in seven Spanish hospitals. We included 531 MDR-E isolates from rectal swabs obtained before transplantation and weekly for 4–6 weeks after the procedure and 10 MDR-E from clinical samples related to an infection. Overall, 46.2% Escherichia coli, 35.3% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6.5% Enterobacter cloacae, 6.3% Citrobacter freundii and 5.7% other species were isolated. The number of patients with MDR-E colonization post-transplantation (176; 71.3%) was 2.5-fold the number of patients colonized pre-transplantation (71; 28.7%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases were detected in 78.0% and 21.1% of MDR-E isolates respectively. In nine of the 247 (3.6%) transplant patients, the microorganism causing an infection was the same strain previously cultured from surveillance rectal swabs. In our study we have observed a low rate of MDR-E infection in colonized patients 4–6 weeks post-transplantation. E. coli producing blaCTX-M-G1 and K. pneumoniae harbouring blaOXA-48 alone or with blaCTX-M-G1 were the most prevalent MDR-E colonization strains in SOT recipients.
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Fariñas MC, González-Rico C, Fernández-Martínez M, Fortún J, Escudero-Sanchez R, Moreno A, Bodro M, Muñoz P, Valerio M, Montejo M, Nieto J, Ruiz-San Millan JC, Casafont-Morencos F, Martinez-Martínez L, Fariñas-Álvarez C. Oral decontamination with colistin plus neomycin in solid organ transplant recipients colonized by multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales: a multicentre, randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel-group clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:856-863. [PMID: 33359562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of oral colistin-neomycin in preventing multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. METHODS Multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, controlled trial with balanced (1:1) randomization in five transplant units. SOT recipients were screened for MDR-E intestinal colonization (extended-spectrum β-lactamase or carbapenemase producing) before transplantation and +7 and + 14 days after transplantation and assigned 1:1 to receive treatment with colistin sulfate plus neomycin sulfate for 14 days (decolonization treatment (DT) group) or no treatment (no decolonization treatment (NDT) group). The primary outcome was diagnosis of an MDR-E infection. Safety outcomes were appearance of adverse effects, mainly diarrhoea, rash, nausea and vomiting. Patients were monitored weekly until 30 days after treatment. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed. RESULTS MDR-E rectal colonization was assessed in 768 SOT recipients; 105 colonized patients were included in the clinical trial, 53 receiving DT and 52 NDT. No significant decrease in the risk of infection by MDR-E was observed in the DT group (9.4%, 5/53) compared to the NDT group (13.5%, 7/52) (relative risk 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.24-2.08; p 0.517). Four patients (5.6%), three (5.6%) in the DT group and one (1.9%) in the NDT group, developed colistin resistance. Twelve patients (22.7%) in the DT group had diarrhoea, eight related to treatment (15.0%); one patient (1.8%) developed skin rash and another (1.8%) nausea and vomiting. Two patients (3.8%) in the NDT group developed diarrhoea. CONCLUSIONS DT does not reduce MDR-E infections in SOT. Colistin resistance and adverse effects such as diarrhoea are a potential issue that must be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Fariñas
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | - Claudia González-Rico
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Fortún
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Asunción Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bodro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, Universidad Complutense de madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, Universidad Complutense de madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Montejo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Javier Nieto
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Martinez-Martínez
- Unit of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, IMIBIC, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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